原创地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/jfzhu/p/4039216.html
转载请注明出处
在web.config或app.config文件里我们经常会存储一些敏感信息,比如connectionStrings或者appSettings,比如像下面的文件。
<?xml version="1.0"?> <configuration> <system.web> <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" /> </system.web> <connectionStrings> <add name="MyNwConnectionString" connectionString="Server=myServerAddress;Database=myDataBase;User Id=myUsername; Password=myPassword;"/> </connectionStrings> <appSettings> <add key="User" value="myUsername"/> <add key="Password" value="myPassword"/> </appSettings> </configuration>
using System; using System.Configuration; namespace WebConfigEncryptTest { public partial class WebForm1 : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { string user = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("User"); string password = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings.Get("Password"); string connectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["MyNwConnectionString"].ConnectionString; } } }
.NET为我们提供了一个工具aspnet_regiis.exe来对web.config文件中的敏感信息进行加密(app.config文件可以先改名为web.config,加密后再改回app.config)。你可以使用两个provider中的一个来进行加密:
加密web.config文件可以使用:
aspnet_regiis -pef section web-app-physical-dir
Encrypt the configuration section. Optional arguments:
[-prov provider] Use this provider to encrypt.
比如运行下面的命令就会分别对connectionStrings和appSettings中的信息进行加密:
aspnet_regiis.exe -pef "connectionStrings" "C:\myweb\HelloService"
aspnet_regiis.exe -pef "appSettings" "C:\myweb\HelloService"
加密后的web.config文件变成:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <configuration> <system.web> <compilation targetFramework="4.0" /> </system.web> <connectionStrings configProtectionProvider="RsaProtectedConfigurationProvider"> <EncryptedData Type="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#"> <EncryptionMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#tripledes-cbc" /> <KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <EncryptedKey xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#"> <EncryptionMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#rsa-1_5" /> <KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <KeyName>Rsa Key</KeyName> </KeyInfo> <CipherData> <CipherValue>E2fO9C0TJVxImLYQZza+fCQdDbTpNh/kOKLRsK6zcFjkgtUCl6SnMViuu/2G1NVTxqXyEWYwyK6AiCZA+feeG/AvYvmEEVopVDb0YyGeuJgEI1r8HxTl8Cv+f2EIimP7LJI+JRZVerI4MU6Ke3wxm2S/ATc73/W6eg9808f4/D6J0pp3wND4E79gBiAnBHFYQIefdJYUsmHR9z9LiIqjCllkkj/JB0kso0kGJ9i+iew1Jae5jugIN8gPxsXbCfmw6ru3I3Kbpa8Z5AllfkFA2YKrsuV3c7eLLJ0kB4lsIJIUTy3kRyA4GjdChOmlNwwffIbhwUPPxa25CiF0VAq27Q==</CipherValue> </CipherData> </EncryptedKey> </KeyInfo> <CipherData> <CipherValue>I1DWG11Iz/rq+NC9C/21B3Q22J9+IexHPH6kkWvQPeHUO6OvOWeQbk3wHALR2ql8pz0gQJFyfTypMk/xSSikFI2Dcy5mgYY3kP73bQQ83ho3O1HPw9TsRtK1G8gmVNGyQLj7iTRcoGfiYYmSibPynv1MzSV1qDXlnVfKiMqKRZ5ZPiMSMc5u3dDEL/JW1oCvAGs5tHrZU5+vgvm0yCmSuCWZbXva+iv9J35EQqs58pq+hwVo1hg1dffdupGCBykaXGl5VX3TIGc=</CipherValue> </CipherData> </EncryptedData> </connectionStrings> <appSettings configProtectionProvider="RsaProtectedConfigurationProvider"> <EncryptedData Type="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#"> <EncryptionMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#tripledes-cbc" /> <KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <EncryptedKey xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#"> <EncryptionMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#rsa-1_5" /> <KeyInfo xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <KeyName>Rsa Key</KeyName> </KeyInfo> <CipherData> <CipherValue>WVoFIs8rSEgqKw1C0QCmePs7WK6EIoGCfdx9CTJNmABoVvoEWPnOEQwz/6Ruu0rGwa7q91KuhGILmy4NEN0padnX6FScCdEzP6CS59U3IFumYmTrD7D9ihqFO2aIL/SuBvV3D2kxhHaYGFaPuvYgsyOLf3+aYR3O/uh/k5wZxLoIeKUUrT762J3bdaK6cJWQeuOu4j2vDXEdawdwhlnK12UV8+/AXZNlFW1N3Z0RUVFX1nMSwTaIu8F3tZ9hCFbGwbTm2T0XnfDOcB6dCxCutqC8pXD36laAfiSANzAWoC+Yhf5eFSj24fX0NU6UTQB8fqLyOgWsIMLxZLKVrwnlmg==</CipherValue> </CipherData> </EncryptedKey> </KeyInfo> <CipherData> <CipherValue>5W2KhG/oETLUDptobcOM52x1qD/g9A0By/wcGXI+fm7EdcD8mT3TxsLVBVcHRBCyUO7OIHl8NyCrduRSYwyd8ggBCriQ5KrbAmW4LXrNnw/JjjCEJWPuRcRucVRfpgap2nHh6BXRXC/AU6v0GcRqy7LV8179PgGtyAa8IE1mV/w=</CipherValue> </CipherData> </EncryptedData> </appSettings> </configuration>
RSAProtectedConfigurationProvider是默认的缺省provider,如果想使用DPAPIProtectedConfigurationProvider,可以用-prov参数指明:
aspnet_regiis.exe -pef "connectionStrings" "C:\myweb\HelloService" -prov "DataProtectionConfigurationProvider"
aspnet_regiis.exe -pef "appSettings" "C:\myweb\HelloService" -prov "DataProtectionConfigurationProvider"
加密配置文件后,源程序不需要做任何改动。如果要修改或添加新的配置信息,需要先解密配置文件。不论使用哪种Provider,都只能在进行加密的计算机上对配置文件进行解密。
解密的命令如下(解密命令不需要-prov参数):
-pdf section web-app-physical-dir
Decrypt the configuration section.
aspnet_regiis.exe -pdf "connectionStrings" "C:\myweb\HelloService"
aspnet_regiis.exe -pdf "appSettings" "C:\myweb\HelloService"
配置文件中经常会有用户名密码的敏感信息,为了防止该信息泄露,需要对配置文件进行加密。加密与解密可以使用.NET提供的工具aspnet_regiis.exe,可以在Windows .NET的文件夹中找到它。
该工具只对web.config文件进行修改,如果要加密或解密app.config,可以先将app.config文件改名为web.config,加密或解密后再改回来。