浅析django form(2)

一、在views中的使用

下面从我自己做的小demo开始记录起。

1 #models.py

2 class Other2(models.Model):

3     name = models.CharField(max_length=30)

4     age = models.IntegerField()

5     email = models.EmailField()

6     

7     class META:

8         db_table='Demo'

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 1 #coding=utf-8

 2 #forms.py

 3 from django import forms

 4 

 5 class ContactForm(forms.Form):

 6     name = forms.CharField(max_length=30)

 7     age = forms.IntegerField()

 8     email = forms.EmailField(required=False)

 9     #错误提示类，Once you’ve done that, rows will be given "error" and/or "required" classes, as needed

10     error_css_class='error'

11     required_css_class = 'required'

12 

13 #自定义错误列表格式

14 from django.forms.util import ErrorList

15 class DivErrorList(ErrorList):

16     def __unicode__(self):

17         return self.as_divs()

18     

19     def as_divs(self):

20         if not self:

21             return u''

22         return u'<div class="errorlist">%s</div>' % ''.join([u'<div class="error">%s</div>' %e for e in self])

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views.py

def form_test(request):

    """

    ----------------------------------------------

    Function:    form测试

    DateTime:    2013/9/9

    ----------------------------------------------

    """

    other = Other2.objects.all()

    if request.method == 'POST':

        form = ContactForm(request.POST)    #绑定post数据

        if form.is_valid(): #如果通过验证

            #数据清理

            name = form.cleaned_data['name']

            age = form.cleaned_data['age']

            email = form.cleaned_data['email']

            

            Other2.objects.create(name=name,age=age,email=email)

            return render_to_response('form/form.html',{'form':form,'other':other})

    else:

        #如果表单未被提交，则一个未绑定的表单实例被创建

        form = ContactForm(initial={'name':'Hi,here','email':'@'})    #未绑定的表单

    return render_to_response('form/form.html',{'form':form,'other':other})

html:

<form action='/form/form/' method='post'>{% csrf_token %}

{{form.as_table}}

<input type='submit' value='Submit' class='btn'>

</form>



<hr>

{% for obj in other %}

<p>Name: {{obj.name}}</p>

{% endfor %}

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除urls外基本上构成了django 表单的一整套。接下来就是变化子重置一些代码了。

二、自定义表单模板

上一节学了很多关于自定义表单显示的知识，在这里就运用在模板里面吧。

1、单个显示

<form action="/contact/" method="post">

    {{ form.non_field_errors }}

    <div class="field">

        {{ form.name.errors }}

        <label for="id_name">Name:</label>

        {{ form.name}}

    </div>



    <div class="field">

        {% if form.age.errors %}

             {% for err in form.age.errors %}

                <p>{{err|escape}}</p> 

             {% endfor %}

         {% endif %}

        <label for="id_age">Your age:</label>

        {{ form.age}}

    </div>



    <div class="field">

        {{ form.email.errors }}

        <label for="id_email">Your email :</label>

        {{ form.email}}

    </div>

    

    <p><input type="submit" value="Send message" /></p>

</form>

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{{form.字段名}}显示对应的字段

{{form.字段名.errors}}显示字段对应的错误提示

2、循环输出

同时可以一次循环输出所有表单字段

<form action='/form/form/' method='post'>{% csrf_token %}

{% for field in form %}

    <div class='field'>

        {{field.errors}}<!-- 错误提示 -->

        {{field.label_tag}}:{{field}}<!-- label标签：表单字段 -->

    </div>

{% endfor %}

<input type='submit' value='Submit' class='btn'>

</form>

在以上循环中{{field}}是绑定字段的实例，它也具有如下属性：

{{field.label}}:字段标签,不含html代码，如:Name

{{field.label_tag}}:含html代码的字段标签，如<label id="id_name">Name:</label>

{{field.html_name}}:字段的html名称，如：name、age

{{field.help_text}}:字段帮助文本

{{field.errors}}:字段错误列表，可循环

3、对于表单的可见与不可见

可以使用hidden_fields() and visible_fields()

对于不可见的表单字段就不显示错误信息提示，对于可见的就正常显示，如下：

<form action="/contact/" method="post">

    {% for field in form.visible_fields %}

        <div class="fieldWrapper">



            {# Include the hidden fields in the form #}

            {% if forloop.first %}

                {% for hidden in form.hidden_fields %}

                {{ hidden }}

                {% endfor %}

            {% endif %}



            {{ field.errors }}

            {{ field.label_tag }}: {{ field }}

        </div>

    {% endfor %}

    <p><input type="submit" value="Send message" /></p>

</form>

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4、重复使用

如果多个模板重复使用一个表单，则可以使用{% include 'xxx.html ' %}（假设xxx.html代码中含有该表单）

<form action="/contact/" method="post">

    {% include "form_snippet.html" %}

    <p><input type="submit" value="Send message" /></p>

</form>



# In form_snippet.html:



{% for field in form %}

    <div class="fieldWrapper">

        {{ field.errors }}

        {{ field.label_tag }}: {{ field }}

    </div>

{% endfor %}

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三、深入表单类

不得不参考：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.2/topics/forms/modelforms/

这里总结性的笔记如下：

1、从一个django model中创建表单类(form model)

这是一个趋势，django model与 form model紧密的结合。

#coding=utf-8

from django.db import models

from django.forms import ModelForm  #导入ModelForm



"""从一个django model中创建表单类(form model)"""

# Comment 

class Comment(models.Model):

    #....



class CommentForm(ModelForm):

    class Meta:

        model = Comment

        #....

#Creating a form to add an comment.

form = CommentForm()

# Creating a form to change an existing comment.

>>> comment = Comment.objects.get(pk=1)

>>> form = CommentForm(instance=comment)

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注意：

(1)、字段类型的对应，django model的字段类型对应到form的字段类型，这里列举一下几个重要的：

Model field	Form field
BooleanField	BooleanField
CharField	CharField with max_length
DateField	DateField
DateTimeField	DateTimeField
FileField	FileField
ForeignKey	ModelChoiceField
IntegerField	IntegerField
ManyToManyField	ModelMultipleChoiceField
TextField	CharField with widget=forms.Textarea

• ForeignKey is represented by django.forms.ModelChoiceField, which is a ChoiceField whose choices are a model QuerySet.
• ManyToManyField is represented by django.forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField, which is a MultipleChoiceField whose choices are a model QuerySet.

 

(2)、对应的属性

如果model 字段 有blank=True, 则表单类中对应的要 required=False,否则required=True

表单字段的 label 被设置为model field的 verbose_name  且第一个字符大写.

表单字段的 help_text 对应models field的 help_text

如果model 字段有choices 则表单字段widget 设置 Select

实例如下：

#coding=utf-8

from django.db import models

from django import forms

from django.forms import ModelForm  #导入ModelForm



"""从一个django model中创建表单类(form model)"""

TITLE_CHOICES = (

    ('MR', 'Mr.'),

    ('MRS', 'Mrs.'),

    ('MS', 'Ms.'),

)



class Author(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)

    title = models.CharField(max_length=3, choices=TITLE_CHOICES)

    birth_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)



    def __unicode__(self):

        return self.name

    

class Book(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)

    authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)

    

class AuthorForm(ModelForm):

    class Meta:

        model = Author

        

class BookForm(ModelForm):

    class Meta:

        model = Book

        

#以下与之对应

class AuthorForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)

    title = forms.CharField(max_length=3,widget=forms.Select(choices=TITLE_CHOICES))    #choices

    brith_date = forms.DateField(required=False)

class BookForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)

    authors = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Author.objects.all()) #ManyToManyField

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