通过 B2BUA 呼叫
在真实世界中,bob 和 alice 肯定要经常改变位置,那么它们的 SIP 地址也会相应改变,并且,如果他们之中有一个或两个处于 NAT 的网络中时,直接通信就更困难了。所以,他们通常会借助于一个服务器来相互通信。通过注册到服务器上,他们都可以获得一个服务器上的 SIP 地址。注册服务器的地址一般是不变的,因此他们的 SIP 地址就不会发生变化,因而,他们总是能够进行通信。
我们让他们两个都注册到 FreeSWITCH 上。上面已经说过,FreeSWITCH 监听的端口是 SIP 默认的端口 5060。bob 和 alice 注册后,他们分别获得了一个服务器的地址(SIP URI):sip:[email protected] 和 sip:[email protected](默认的端口号 5060 可以省略)。
下面是 bob 呼叫 alice 的流程。需要指出,如果 bob 只是发起呼叫而不接收呼叫,他并不需要向 FreeSWITCH 注册(有些软交换服务器需要先注册才能发起呼叫,但 SIP 是不强制这么做的)。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
recv 1118 bytes from udp/[192.168.4.4]:26000 at 13:31:39.938891:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVITE sip:[email protected] SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4:26000;branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-56adad736231f024-1---d8754z-;rport
Max-Forwards: 70
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:26000>
To: "alice"<sip:[email protected]>
From: "Bob"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=15c8325a
Call-ID: YWEwYjNlZTZjOWZjNDg3ZjU3MjQ3MTA1ZmQ1MDM5YmQ.
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, OPTIONS, BYE, REFER, NOTIFY, MESSAGE, SUBSCRIBE, INFO
Content-Type: application/sdp
User-Agent: X-Lite release 1014k stamp 47051
Content-Length: 594
上面的消息中省略了 SDP 的内容,我们将留到以后再探讨。bob 的 UAC 通过 INVITE 消息向 FreeSWITCH 发起请求。bob 的 UAC 用的是 X-Lite(User-Agent),它运行在端口 26000 上(实际上,它默认在端口也是 5060,但由于在我的实验环境下它也是跟 FreeSWITCH 运行在一台机器上,已被占用,因此它需要选择另一个端口)。其中,From 为主叫用户的地址,To 为被叫用户的地址。此时 FreeSWITCH 作为一个 UAS 接受请求并进行响应。它得知 bob 要呼叫 alice,需要在自己的数据库中查找 alice 是否已在服务器上注册,好知道应该怎么找到 alice。但在此之前,它先通知 bob 它已经收到了他的请求。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
send 345 bytes to udp/[192.168.4.4]:26000 at 13:31:39.940278:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4:26000;branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-56adad736231f024-1---d8754z-;rport=26000
From: "Bob"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=15c8325a
To: "alice"<sip:[email protected]>
Call-ID: YWEwYjNlZTZjOWZjNDg3ZjU3MjQ3MTA1ZmQ1MDM5YmQ.
CSeq: 1 INVITE
User-Agent: FreeSWITCH-mod_sofia/1.0.trunk-16981M
Content-Length: 0
FreeSWITCH 通过 100 Trying 消息告诉 bob “我已经收到你的消息了,别着急,我正在联系 alice 呢...” 该消息称为呼叫进展消息。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
send 826 bytes to udp/[192.168.4.4]:26000 at 13:31:39.943392:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIP/2.0 407 Proxy Authentication Required
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4:26000;branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-56adad736231f024-1---d8754z-;rport=26000
From: "Bob"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=15c8325a
To: "alice" <sip:[email protected]>;tag=B4pem31jHgtHS
Call-ID: YWEwYjNlZTZjOWZjNDg3ZjU3MjQ3MTA1ZmQ1MDM5YmQ.
CSeq: 1 INVITE
User-Agent: FreeSWITCH-mod_sofia/1.0.trunk-16981M
Accept: application/sdp
Allow: INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, OPTIONS, MESSAGE, UPDATE, INFO, REGISTER, REFER,
NOTIFY, PUBLISH, SUBSCRIBE
Supported: timer, precondition, path, replaces
Allow-Events: talk, presence, dialog, line-seize, call-info, sla,
include-session-description, presence.winfo, message-summary, refer
Proxy-Authenticate: Digest realm="192.168.4.4",
nonce="31c5c3e0-cc6e-46c8-a661-599b0c7f87d8", algorithm=MD5, qop="auth"
Content-Length: 0
但就在此时,FreeSWITCH 发现 bob 并不是授权用户,因而它需要确认 bob 的身份。它通过发送带有 Digest 验证信息的 407 消息来通知 bob(注意,这里与注册流程中的 401 不同)。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
recv 319 bytes from udp/[192.168.4.4]:26000 at 13:31:39.945314:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACK sip:[email protected] SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4:26000;branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-56adad736231f024-1---d8754z-;rport
To: "alice" <sip:[email protected]>;tag=B4pem31jHgtHS
From: "Bob"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=15c8325a
Call-ID: YWEwYjNlZTZjOWZjNDg3ZjU3MjQ3MTA1ZmQ1MDM5YmQ.
CSeq: 1 ACK
Content-Length: 0
bob 回送 ACK 证实消息向 FreeSWITCH 证实已收到认证要求。并重新发送 INVITE,这次,附带了验证信息。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
recv 1376 bytes from udp/[192.168.4.4]:26000 at 13:31:39.945526:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVITE sip:[email protected] SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4:26000;branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-87d60b47b6627c3a-1---d8754z-;rport
Max-Forwards: 70
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:26000>
To: "alice"<sip:[email protected]>
From: "Bob"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=15c8325a
Call-ID: YWEwYjNlZTZjOWZjNDg3ZjU3MjQ3MTA1ZmQ1MDM5YmQ.
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, OPTIONS, BYE, REFER, NOTIFY, MESSAGE, SUBSCRIBE, INFO
Content-Type: application/sdp
Proxy-Authorization: Digest username="bob",realm="192.168.4.4",
nonce="31c5c3e0-cc6e-46c8-a661-599b0c7f87d8",
uri="sip:[email protected]",response="327887635344405bcd545da06763c466",
cnonce="c164b74f625ff2161bd8d47dba3a0ee2",nc=00000001,qop=auth,
algorithm=MD5
User-Agent: X-Lite release 1014k stamp 47051
Content-Length: 594
这里也省略了 SDP 消息体。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
send 345 bytes to udp/[192.168.4.4]:26000 at 13:31:39.946349:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4:26000;branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-87d60b47b6627c3a-1---d8754z-;rport=26000
From: "Bob"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=15c8325a
To: "alice"<sip:[email protected]>
Call-ID: YWEwYjNlZTZjOWZjNDg3ZjU3MjQ3MTA1ZmQ1MDM5YmQ.
CSeq: 2 INVITE
User-Agent: FreeSWITCH-mod_sofia/1.0.trunk-16981M
Content-Length: 0
FreeSWITCH 重新回 100 Trying,告诉 bob 呼叫进展情况。
至此,bob 与 FreeSWITCH 之间的通信已经初步建立,这种通信的通道称作一个信道(channel)。该信道是由 bob 的 UA 和 FreeSWITCH 的一个 UA 构成的,我们称它为 FreeSWITCH 的一条腿,叫做 a-leg。
接下来 FreeSWITCH 要建立另一条腿,称为 b-leg。它通过查打本地数据库,得到了 alice 的位置,接着启动一个 UA(用作 UAC),向 alice 发送 INVITE 消息。如下:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
send 1340 bytes to udp/[192.168.4.4]:5090 at 13:31:40.028988:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVITE sip:[email protected]:5090;rinstance=e7d5364c81f2b879;transport=UDP SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4;rport;branch=z9hG4bKey90QUyHZQXNN
Route: <sip:[email protected]:5090>;rinstance=e7d5364c81f2b879;transport=UDP
Max-Forwards: 69
From: "Bob" <sip:[email protected]>;tag=Dp9ZQS3SB26pg
To: <sip:[email protected]:5090;rinstance=e7d5364c81f2b879;transport=UDP>
Call-ID: 0d74ac35-cca4-122d-81a2-2990e5b2bd3e
CSeq: 130069214 INVITE
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5060>
User-Agent: FreeSWITCH-mod_sofia/1.0.trunk-16981M
Allow: INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, OPTIONS, MESSAGE, UPDATE, INFO, REGISTER, REFER,
NOTIFY, PUBLISH, SUBSCRIBE
Supported: timer, precondition, path, replaces
Allow-Events: talk, presence, dialog, line-seize, call-info, sla,
include-session-description, presence.winfo, message-summary, refer
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Disposition: session
Content-Length: 313
X-FS-Support: update_display
Remote-Party-ID: "Bob" <sip:[email protected]>;party=calling;screen=yes;privacy=off
你可以看到,该INVITE 的 Call-ID 与前面的不同,说明这是另一个 SIP 会话(Session)。另外,它还多了一个 Remote-Party-ID,它主要是用来支持来电显示。因为,在 alice 的话机上,希望显示 bob 的号码,显示呼叫它的那个 UA(负责 b-leg的那个 UA)没什么意义。与普通的 POTS 电话不同,在 SIP 电话中,不仅能显示电话号码(这里是 bob),还能显示一个可选的名字(“Bob”)。这也说明了 FreeSWITCH 这个 B2BUA 本身是一个整体,它虽然是以一个单独的 UA 呼叫 alice,但还是跟负责 bob 的那个 UA 有联系--就是这种背靠背的串联。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
recv 309 bytes from udp/[192.168.4.4]:5090 at 13:31:40.193634:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIP/2.0 100 Trying
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4;rport=5060;branch=z9hG4bKey90QUyHZQXNN
To: <sip:[email protected]:5090;rinstance=e7d5364c81f2b879;transport=UDP>
From: "Bob" <sip:[email protected]>;tag=Dp9ZQS3SB26pg
Call-ID: 0d74ac35-cca4-122d-81a2-2990e5b2bd3e
CSeq: 130069214 INVITE
Content-Length: 0
跟上面的流程差不多,alice回的呼叫进展。此时,alice 的 UA 开始振铃。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
recv 431 bytes from udp/[192.168.4.4]:5090 at 13:31:40.193816:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIP/2.0 180 Ringing
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4;rport=5060;branch=z9hG4bKey90QUyHZQXNN
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5090;rinstance=e7d5364c81f2b879;transport=UDP>
To: <sip:[email protected]:5090;rinstance=e7d5364c81f2b879;transport=UDP>;tag=3813e926
From: "Bob"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=Dp9ZQS3SB26pg
Call-ID: 0d74ac35-cca4-122d-81a2-2990e5b2bd3e
CSeq: 130069214 INVITE
User-Agent: Zoiper rev.5415
Content-Length: 0
180也是呼叫进展消息,它说明,我这边已经准备好了,alice 的电话已经响了,她听到了一会就会接听。
send 1125 bytes to udp/[192.168.4.4]:26000 at 13:31:40.270533:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4:26000;branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-87d60b47b6627c3a-1---d8754z-;rport=26000
From: "Bob"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=15c8325a
To: "alice" <sip:[email protected]>;tag=cDg7NyjpeSg4m
Call-ID: YWEwYjNlZTZjOWZjNDg3ZjU3MjQ3MTA1ZmQ1MDM5YmQ.
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5060;transport=udp>
User-Agent: FreeSWITCH-mod_sofia/1.0.trunk-16981M
Accept: application/sdp
Allow: INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, OPTIONS, MESSAGE, UPDATE, INFO, REGISTER, REFER,
NOTIFY, PUBLISH, SUBSCRIBE
Supported: timer, precondition, path, replaces
Allow-Events: talk, presence, dialog, line-seize, call-info, sla,
include-session-description, presence.winfo, message-summary, refer
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Disposition: session
Content-Length: 267
Remote-Party-ID: "alice" <sip:[email protected]>
FreeSWITCH 在收到 alice 的 180 Ringing 消息后,便告诉 bob 呼叫进展情况,183 与 180 不同的是,它包含 SDP,即接下来它会向 bob 发送 RTP 的媒体流,就是回铃音。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
recv 768 bytes from udp/[192.168.4.4]:5090 at 13:31:43.251980:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4;rport=5060;branch=z9hG4bKey90QUyHZQXNN
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5090;rinstance=e7d5364c81f2b879;transport=UDP>
To: <sip:[email protected]:5090;rinstance=e7d5364c81f2b879;transport=UDP>;tag=3813e926
From: "Bob"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=Dp9ZQS3SB26pg
Call-ID: 0d74ac35-cca4-122d-81a2-2990e5b2bd3e
CSeq: 130069214 INVITE
Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, BYE, NOTIFY, REFER, MESSAGE, OPTIONS, INFO, SUBSCRIBE
Content-Type: application/sdp
User-Agent: Zoiper rev.5415
Content-Length: 226
alice 接听电话以后,其 UA 向 FreeSWITCH 送 200 OK,即应答消息。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
send 436 bytes to udp/[192.168.4.4]:5090 at 13:31:43.256692:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACK sip:[email protected]:5090;rinstance=e7d5364c81f2b879;transport=UDP SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4;rport;branch=z9hG4bKF72SSpFNv0K8g
Max-Forwards: 70
From: "Bob" <sip:[email protected]>;tag=Dp9ZQS3SB26pg
To: <sip:[email protected]:5090;rinstance=e7d5364c81f2b879;transport=UDP>;tag=3813e926
Call-ID: 0d74ac35-cca4-122d-81a2-2990e5b2bd3e
CSeq: 130069214 ACK
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5060>
Content-Length: 0
FreeSWITCH 向 alice 回送证实消息,证实已经知道了。至此,b-leg已经完全建立完毕,多半这时 alice 已经开始说话了:“Hi, bob,你好……”
------------------------------------------------------------------------
send 1135 bytes to udp/[192.168.4.4]:26000 at 13:31:43.293311:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4:26000;branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-87d60b47b6627c3a-1---d8754z-;rport=26000
From: "Bob"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=15c8325a
To: "alice" <sip:[email protected]>;tag=cDg7NyjpeSg4m
Call-ID: YWEwYjNlZTZjOWZjNDg3ZjU3MjQ3MTA1ZmQ1MDM5YmQ.
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5060;transport=udp>
User-Agent: FreeSWITCH-mod_sofia/1.0.trunk-16981M
Allow: INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, OPTIONS, MESSAGE, UPDATE, INFO, REGISTER, REFER,
NOTIFY, PUBLISH, SUBSCRIBE
Supported: timer, precondition, path, replaces
Allow-Events: talk, presence, dialog, line-seize, call-info, sla,
include-session-description, presence.winfo, message-summary, refer
Session-Expires: 120;refresher=uas
Min-SE: 120
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Disposition: session
Content-Length: 267
Remote-Party-ID: "alice" <sip:[email protected]>
与此同时,它也给 bob 送应答消息,告诉他电话已经接通了,可以跟 alice 说话了。在需要计费的情况下,应该从此时开始对 bob 的电话计费。bob 的 UA 收到该消息后启动麦克风让 bob 讲话。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
recv 697 bytes from udp/[192.168.4.4]:26000 at 13:31:43.413025:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACK sip:[email protected]:5060;transport=udp SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4:26000;branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-ef53864320037c04-1---d8754z-;rport
Max-Forwards: 70
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:26000>
To: "alice"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=cDg7NyjpeSg4m
From: "Bob"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=15c8325a
Call-ID: YWEwYjNlZTZjOWZjNDg3ZjU3MjQ3MTA1ZmQ1MDM5YmQ.
CSeq: 2 ACK
Proxy-Authorization: Digest username="bob",realm="192.168.4.4",
nonce="31c5c3e0-cc6e-46c8-a661-599b0c7f87d8",
uri="sip:[email protected]",response="327887635344405bcd545da06763c466",
cnonce="c164b74f625ff2161bd8d47dba3a0ee2",nc=00000001,qop=auth,
algorithm=MD5
User-Agent: X-Lite release 1014k stamp 47051
Content-Length: 0
bob 在收到应答消息后也需要回送证实消息。至此 a-leg 也建立完毕。双方正常通话。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
recv 484 bytes from udp/[192.168.4.4]:5090 at 13:31:49.949240:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BYE sip:[email protected]:5060 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4:5090;branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-2146ae0ddd113efe-1---d8754z-;rport
Max-Forwards: 70
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5090;rinstance=e7d5364c81f2b879;transport=UDP>
To: "Bob"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=Dp9ZQS3SB26pg
From: <sip:[email protected]:5090;rinstance=e7d5364c81f2b879;transport=UDP>;tag=3813e926
Call-ID: 0d74ac35-cca4-122d-81a2-2990e5b2bd3e
CSeq: 2 BYE
User-Agent: Zoiper rev.5415
Content-Length: 0
终于聊完了,alice 挂断电话,发送 BYE 消息。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
send 543 bytes to udp/[192.168.4.4]:5090 at 13:31:49.950425:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4:5090;branch=z9hG4bK-d8754z-2146ae0ddd113efe-1---d8754z-;rport=5090
From: <sip:[email protected]:5090;rinstance=e7d5364c81f2b879;transport=UDP>;tag=3813e926
To: "Bob"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=Dp9ZQS3SB26pg
Call-ID: 0d74ac35-cca4-122d-81a2-2990e5b2bd3e
CSeq: 2 BYE
User-Agent: FreeSWITCH-mod_sofia/1.0.trunk-16981M
Allow: INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, OPTIONS, MESSAGE, UPDATE, INFO, REGISTER, REFER,
NOTIFY, PUBLISH, SUBSCRIBE
Supported: timer, precondition, path, replaces
Content-Length: 0
FreeSWITCH 返回 OK,b-leg 释放完毕。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
send 630 bytes to udp/[192.168.4.4]:26000 at 13:31:50.003165:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
BYE sip:[email protected]:26000 SIP/2.0
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4;rport;branch=z9hG4bKggvjUH0rS99tc
Max-Forwards: 70
From: "alice" <sip:[email protected]>;tag=cDg7NyjpeSg4m
To: "Bob" <sip:[email protected]>;tag=15c8325a
Call-ID: YWEwYjNlZTZjOWZjNDg3ZjU3MjQ3MTA1ZmQ1MDM5YmQ.
CSeq: 130069219 BYE
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5060;transport=udp>
User-Agent: FreeSWITCH-mod_sofia/1.0.trunk-16981M
Allow: INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, OPTIONS, MESSAGE, UPDATE, INFO, REGISTER, REFER,
NOTIFY, PUBLISH, SUBSCRIBE
Supported: timer, precondition, path, replaces
Reason: Q.850;cause=16;text="NORMAL_CLEARING"
Content-Length: 0
接下来 FreeSWITCH 给 bob 发送 BYE,通知要拆线了。出于对 bob 负责,它包含了挂机原因(Hangup Cause),此处 NOMAL_CLEARING 表示正常释放。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
recv 367 bytes from udp/[192.168.4.4]:26000 at 13:31:50.111765:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIP/2.0 200 OK
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.4.4;rport=5060;branch=z9hG4bKggvjUH0rS99tc
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:26000>
To: "Bob"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=15c8325a
From: "alice"<sip:[email protected]>;tag=cDg7NyjpeSg4m
Call-ID: YWEwYjNlZTZjOWZjNDg3ZjU3MjQ3MTA1ZmQ1MDM5YmQ.
CSeq: 130069219 BYE
User-Agent: X-Lite release 1014k stamp 47051
Content-Length: 0
bob 回送 OK,a-leg 释放完毕,通话结束。从下图可以很形象地看出 FreeSWITCH 的两条“腿”-- a-leg 和 b-leg。
B2BUA
整个呼叫流程图示如下:
bob (UAC) [ UAS-UAC ] (UAS) alice
| | | |
| INVITE | | |
|-------------------->| | |
| 100 Trying | | |
|<--------------------| | |
| 407 Authentication Required |
|<--------------------| | |
| ACK | | |
|-------------------->| | |
| INVITE | | |
|-------------------->| | |
| 100 Trying | | INVITE |
|<--------------------< >-------------------->|
| | | 100 Trying |
| | |<--------------------|
| 183 Progress | | 180 Ringing |
|<--------------------< |<--------------------|
| | | 200 OK |
| | |<--------------------|
| 200 OK | | ACK |
|<--------------------< >-------------------->|
| ACK | | |
|-------------------->| | |
| |
| Call Connected |
| |
| | | BYE |
| | |<--------------------|
| BYE | | 200 OK |
|<--------------------< >-------------------->|
| 200 OK | | |
|-------------------->| | |
| | | |
从流程图可以看出,右半部分跟上一节“UA间直接呼叫”一样,而左半部分也类似。这就更好的说明了实际上有 4 个 UA (两对)参与到了通信中,并且,有两个 Session。
再论 SIP URI
上面我们介绍了一些 FreeSWITCH 的基本概念,并通过一个真正的呼叫流程讲解了一下 SIP。由于实验中所有 UA 都 运行在一台机器上,这可能会引起迷惑,如果我们有三台服务器,那么情况可能是:
/---------------\
| FreeSWITCH |
| 192.168.0.1 |
\ --------------/
sip:[email protected] / \ sip:[email protected]
/ \
/ \
/-----------------\ /-----------------\
| bob | | alice |
| 192.168.0.100 | | 192.168.0.200 |
\-----------------/ \-----------------/
sip:[email protected] sip:[email protected]
alice 注册到 FreeSWITCH,bob呼叫她时,使用她的服务器地址,即 sip:[email protected],FreeSWITCH 接到请求后,查找本地数据库,发现 alice 的实际地址是 sip:[email protected],便可以建立呼叫。
SIP URI 除使用 IP 地址外,也可以使用域名,如 sip:[email protected]。更高级也更复杂的配置则需要 DNS 的 SRV 记录,在此就不做讨论了。