【Spring Cloud Alibaba】【Hoxton】Seata从入门到实战

1 Nacos 入门-配置中心-集群
2 Sentinel 入门-限流-降级（一）
3 Sentinel 热点规则-@SentinelResource-熔断-持久化（二）
4 Seata从入门到实战

1 简介

官网地址：https://seata.io/zh-cn/

1.1 Seata

Seata 是一款开源的分布式事务解决方案，致力于提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务。Seata 将为用户提供了 AT、TCC、SAGA 和 XA 事务模式，为用户打造一站式的分布式解决方案。

1.2 术语

(1) TC - 事务协调者
维护全局和分支事务的状态，驱动全局事务提交或回滚。

(2) TM - 事务管理器
定义全局事务的范围：开始全局事务、提交或回滚全局事务。

(3) RM - 资源管理器
管理分支事务处理的资源，与TC交谈以注册分支事务和报告分支事务的状态，并驱动分支事务提交或回滚。

1.3 流程简介

(1) TM向TC申请开启一个全局事务,全局事务创建成功并生成个全局唯一的XID
(2) XID在微服务调用链路的上下文中传播;
(3) RM向TC注册分支事务,将其纳入XID对应全局事务的管辖
(4) TM向TC发起针对XID的全局提交或回滚决议
(5) TC调度XID下管辖的全部分支事务完成提交或回滚请求

2 安装

2.1 环境准备

192.168.0.38 mysql
192.168.0.39 java8 nacos seata

2.2 解压

tar -zxvf seata-server-0.9.0.tar.gz

2.3 修改配置文件

cd /usr/local/seata/conf
vim file.conf

#(1) 修改service模块的分组zrs_tx_group
#(2) 修改store模块
vgroup_mapping.my_test_tx_group = "zrs_tx_group"

mode = "db"

url = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.0.38:3306/seata"
user = "root"
password = "123456"

2.4 建数据库

2.5 在数据库里面建表

#SQL地址
https://github.com/seata/seata/blob/v0.9.0/server/src/main/resources/db_store.sql

-- the table to store GlobalSession data
drop table if exists `global_table`;
create table `global_table` (
`xid` varchar(128) not null,
`transaction_id` bigint,
`status` tinyint not null,
`application_id` varchar(32),
`transaction_service_group` varchar(32),
`transaction_name` varchar(128),
`timeout` int,
`begin_time` bigint,
`application_data` varchar(2000),
`gmt_create` datetime,
`gmt_modified` datetime,
primary key (`xid`),
key `idx_gmt_modified_status` (`gmt_modified`, `status`),
key `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
);
-- the table to store BranchSession data
drop table if exists `branch_table`;
create table `branch_table` (
`branch_id` bigint not null,
`xid` varchar(128) not null,
`transaction_id` bigint ,
`resource_group_id` varchar(32),
`resource_id` varchar(256) ,
`lock_key` varchar(128) ,
`branch_type` varchar(8) ,
`status` tinyint,
`client_id` varchar(64),
`application_data` varchar(2000),
`gmt_create` datetime,
`gmt_modified` datetime,
primary key (`branch_id`),
key `idx_xid` (`xid`)
);
-- the table to store lock data
drop table if exists `lock_table`;
create table `lock_table` (
`row_key` varchar(128) not null,
`xid` varchar(96),
`transaction_id` long ,
`branch_id` long,
`resource_id` varchar(256) ,
`table_name` varchar(32) ,
`pk` varchar(36) ,
`gmt_create` datetime ,
`gmt_modified` datetime,
primary key(`row_key`)
);

2.6 修改注册文件

cd /usr/local/seata/conf
vim registry.conf


# file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
type = "nacos"

nacos {
    serverAddr = "192.168.0.39:8848"
    namespace = ""
    cluster = "default"
}

2.7 启动

#启动nacos
cd /usr/local/nacos/bin
bash startup.sh -m standalone
#启动seata
cd /usr/local/seata/bin
nohup ./seata-server.sh  >seata.log 2>&1 &

3 场景实战

这里我们会创建三个服务,一个订单服务,一个库存服务,一个账户服务。
当用户下单时,会在订单服务中创建一个订单,然后通过远程调用库存服务来扣减下单商品的库存,再通过远程调用账户服务来扣减用户账户里面的余额,最后在订单服务中修改订单状态为已完成。

3.1 数据库环境准备

(1) 创建db_account、db_order、db_storage数据库

(2) 在db_order下创建表

CREATE TABLE `t_order` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `product_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `count` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `money` decimal(11,0) DEFAULT NULL,
  `status` int(1) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

(3) 在db_storage下创建表

CREATE TABLE `t_storage` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `product_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `total` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `used` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `residue` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '剩余库存',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

(4)在db_account下建表

CREATE TABLE `t_account` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
  `total` decimal(11,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总金额',
  `used` decimal(11,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用金额',
  `residue` decimal(11,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '剩余金额',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

(5) 在db_account、db_order、db_storage 创建回滚日志表

drop table `undo_log`;
CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
`xid` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`context` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
`rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL,
`log_status` int(11) NOT NULL,
`log_created` datetime NOT NULL,
`log_modified` datetime NOT NULL,
`ext` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

(6) 最终结果

3.2 创建公用工程

(1) 3个表的实体 略
(2) 统一返回类

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class ResponseResult {
    private String msg;
    private Integer status;
    private Object data;
    public static ResponseResult success(Object object){
        return new ResponseResult("SUCCESS",200,object);
    }
    public static ResponseResult fail(String msg){
        return new ResponseResult(msg, 500,null);
    }
}

3.3 创建order工程

(1) pom

<dependencies>
    <!--seata-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
                <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
        <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
        <version>0.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--spring cloud alibaba-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--openfegin-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--devtools热部署-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
        <scope>true</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--公用包-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>spring-cloud-alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>common</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--数据库-->
    <!-- mybatis -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--mapper -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/tk.mybatis/mapper-spring-boot-starter-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--pagehelper -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.github.pagehelper/pagehelper-spring-boot-starter-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
        <artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.10</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- MySQL 连接驱动依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

(2) application.yml

server:
  port: 9006
spring:
  application:
    name: order
  cloud:
    alibaba:
      seata:
        #自定义组
        tx-service-group: zrs_tx_group
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.0.39:8848
  datasource:
    url:  jdbc:mysql://192.168.0.38:3306/db_order?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

(3) DataSourceProxyConfig

@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {
    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    public DruidDataSource druidDataSource() {
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }
    /**
     * 必须配置数据源代理
     */
    @Primary
    @Bean
    public DataSourceProxy dataSource(DruidDataSource druidDataSource) {
        return new DataSourceProxy(druidDataSource);
    }
}

(4) 创建file.conf，改service、改数据库

transport {
  # tcp udt unix-domain-socket
  type = "TCP"
  #NIO NATIVE
  server = "NIO"
  #enable heartbeat
  heartbeat = true
  #thread factory for netty
  thread-factory {
    boss-thread-prefix = "NettyBoss"
    worker-thread-prefix = "NettyServerNIOWorker"
    server-executor-thread-prefix = "NettyServerBizHandler"
    share-boss-worker = false
    client-selector-thread-prefix = "NettyClientSelector"
    client-selector-thread-size = 1
    client-worker-thread-prefix = "NettyClientWorkerThread"
    # netty boss thread size,will not be used for UDT
    boss-thread-size = 1
    #auto default pin or 8
    worker-thread-size = 8
  }
  shutdown {
    # when destroy server, wait seconds
    wait = 3
  }
  serialization = "seata"
  compressor = "none"
}
service {
  #vgroup->rgroup
  vgroup_mapping.zrs_tx_group = "default"
  #only support single node
  default.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091"
  #degrade current not support
  enableDegrade = false
  #disable
  disable = false
  #unit ms,s,m,h,d represents milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours, days, default permanent
  max.commit.retry.timeout = "-1"
  max.rollback.retry.timeout = "-1"
}
client {
  async.commit.buffer.limit = 10000
  lock {
    retry.internal = 10
    retry.times = 30
  }
  report.retry.count = 5
  tm.commit.retry.count = 1
  tm.rollback.retry.count = 1
}
## transaction log store
store {
  ## store mode: file、db
  mode = "file"
  ## file store
  file {
    dir = "sessionStore"
    # branch session size , if exceeded first try compress lockkey, still exceeded throws exceptions
    max-branch-session-size = 16384
    # globe session size , if exceeded throws exceptions
    max-global-session-size = 512
    # file buffer size , if exceeded allocate new buffer
    file-write-buffer-cache-size = 16384
    # when recover batch read size
    session.reload.read_size = 100
    # async, sync
    flush-disk-mode = async
  }
  ## database store
  db {
    ## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp) etc.
    datasource = "dbcp"
    ## mysql/oracle/h2/oceanbase etc.
    db-type = "mysql"
    driver-class-name = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
    url = "jdbc:mysql://192.168.0.38:3306/seata"
    user = "root"
    password = "123456"
    min-conn = 1
    max-conn = 3
    global.table = "global_table"
    branch.table = "branch_table"
    lock-table = "lock_table"
    query-limit = 100
  }
}
lock {
  ## the lock store mode: local、remote
  mode = "remote"
  local {
    ## store locks in user's database
  }
  remote {
    ## store locks in the seata's server
  }
}
recovery {
  #schedule committing retry period in milliseconds
  committing-retry-period = 1000
  #schedule asyn committing retry period in milliseconds
  asyn-committing-retry-period = 1000
  #schedule rollbacking retry period in milliseconds
  rollbacking-retry-period = 1000
  #schedule timeout retry period in milliseconds
  timeout-retry-period = 1000
}
transaction {
  undo.data.validation = true
  undo.log.serialization = "jackson"
  undo.log.save.days = 7
  #schedule delete expired undo_log in milliseconds
  undo.log.delete.period = 86400000
  undo.log.table = "undo_log"
}
## metrics settings
metrics {
  enabled = false
  registry-type = "compact"
  # multi exporters use comma divided
  exporter-list = "prometheus"
  exporter-prometheus-port = 9898
}
support {
  ## spring
  spring {
    # auto proxy the DataSource bean
    datasource.autoproxy = false
  }
}

(5) 注册器registry.conf

registry {
  # file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
  type = "nacos"

  nacos {
    serverAddr = "192.168.0.39:8848"
    namespace = ""
    cluster = "default"
  }
  eureka {
    serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
    application = "default"
    weight = "1"
  }
  redis {
    serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
    db = "0"
  }
  zk {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    session.timeout = 6000
    connect.timeout = 2000
  }
  consul {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  etcd3 {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  sofa {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
    application = "default"
    region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
    datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
    cluster = "default"
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    addressWaitTime = "3000"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

config {
  # file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
  type = "file"
  nacos {
    serverAddr = "localhost"
    namespace = ""
  }
  consul {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  apollo {
    app.id = "seata-server"
    apollo.meta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
  }
  zk {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    session.timeout = 6000
    connect.timeout = 2000
  }
  etcd3 {
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

(6) AccountService、StorageService

@FeignClient(value = "account")
@Service
public interface AccountService {
    @PostMapping(value = "/account/decrease")
    ResponseResult decrease(@RequestParam("userId") Integer userID, @RequestParam("money") BigDecimal money);
}

@FeignClient(value = "storage")
@Service
public interface StorageService {
    @PostMapping(value = "/storage/decrease")
    ResponseResult decrease(@RequestParam("productId") Integer productId, @RequestParam("count") Integer count);
}

(7)OrderMapper

@Mapper
public interface OrderMapper extends BaseMapper<OrderEntity> {

}

(8) 核心流程类OrderService

@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private OrderMapper orderMapper;

    @Autowired
    private StorageService storageService;

    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;


    public void create(OrderEntity order){

        log.info("接收到【订单】:"+order.toString());

        log.info("【1】新建订单开始");
        orderMapper.insertSelective(order);

        log.info("【2】调取【库存微服务】进行商品扣减【开始】");
        storageService.decrease(order.getProductID(), order.getCount());

        log.info("【3】调取【账户微服务】进行金额的扣减【开始】");
        accountService.decrease(order.getUserID(), order.getMoney());

        log.info("【4】 修改订单的状态开始");
        order.setStatus(1);
        orderMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(order);

    }
}

(9) 主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.order.mapper")
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class OrderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class);
    }
}

3.4 根据order项目创建storage工程

#可以访问文章底部的GITHUB

3.5根据order项目创建account工程

#可以访问文章底部的GITHUB

3.6 准备数据

(1) storage

(2) account

3.7 测试

(1) 启动storage、account、order服务


(2) postman测试

{
    "userID":1,
    "productID":1,
    "count":2,
    "money":100,
    "status":0
}

3.8 异常测试

(1) 修改OrderService

(2) postman测试

LAST GITHUB

#分支Seata-release-v1.0
https://github.com/zhurongsheng666/spring-cloud-alibaba