docker的安装与基础用法
1. docker的安装
1.1 docker的安装
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
curl -o docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sed -i 's@https://download.docker.com@https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce@g' docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce
1.2 docker的加速
docker-ce的配置文件是/etc/docker/daemon.json，此文件默认不存在，需要我们手动创建并进行配置，而docker的加速就是通过配置此文件来实现的。
docker的加速有多种方式：
- docker cn
- 中国科技大学加速器
- 阿里云加速器（需要通过阿里云开发者平台注册帐号，免费使用个人私有的加速器）
systemctl start docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <2.docker的常用操作
docker search 在Docker Hub中搜索镜像
[root@salt1 ~]# docker search httpd
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
httpd The Apache HTTP Server Project 2933 [OK]
centos/httpd-24-centos7 Platform for running Apache httpd 2.4 or bui… 31
centos/httpd 28 [OK]
arm32v7/httpd The Apache HTTP Server Project 9
......
docker pull 拉入镜像
[root@salt1 ~]# docker pull httpd
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
c499e6d256d6: Pull complete
76155f771be0: Pull complete
48b718b71719: Pull complete
d65ae7a4c211: Pull complete
8d17dee838ad: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:7cbb6e0bdbcae47b7684425160423a336d17c1dd499adb471ac99913c43e16fa
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
docker.io/library/httpd:latest
docker images 列出本地镜像
[root@salt1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
httpd latest 8326be82abe6 11 hours ago 166MB
docker create 创建新容器
[root@salt1 ~]# docker create -it httpd /bin/bash
3741b0c5afc02f5da6a0ae42ee37bd05a32bfcbc29ce646f7b18b7438bd866ab
[root@salt1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3741b0c5afc0 httpd "/bin/bash" 14 seconds ago Created inspiring_northcutt
14d403345c03 httpd "httpd-foreground" 29 minutes ago Up 13 minutes 80/tcp quirky_germain
docker start 启动一个或多个已停止的容器
[root@salt1 ~]# docker start 14d403345c03b85f348fc2c22a62590830ea0cc3fca0854b5445681c8e54bb57
14d403345c03b85f348fc2c22a62590830ea0cc3fca0854b5445681c8e54bb57
[root@salt1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
14d403345c03 httpd "httpd-foreground" 2 minutes ago Up 25 seconds 80/tcp quirky_germain
docker restart 重新启动容器
[root@salt1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@salt1 ~]# docker restart 14d403345c03b85f348fc2c22a62590830ea0cc3fca0854b5445681c8e54bb57
14d403345c03b85f348fc2c22a62590830ea0cc3fca0854b5445681c8e54bb57
[root@salt1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
14d403345c03 httpd "httpd-foreground" 4 minutes ago Up 1 second 80/tcp quirky_germain
docker stop 停止一个或多个运行中的容器
[root@salt1 ~]# docker stop 14d403345c03b85f348fc2c22a62590830ea0cc3fca0854b5445681c8e54bb57
14d403345c03b85f348fc2c22a62590830ea0cc3fca0854b5445681c8e54bb57
[root@salt1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
docker kill 杀死一个或多个正在运行的容器
[root@salt1 ~]# docker kill 14d403345c03b85f348fc2c22a62590830ea0cc3fca0854b5445681c8e54bb57
14d403345c03b85f348fc2c22a62590830ea0cc3fca0854b5445681c8e54bb57
[root@salt1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
docker run 在新容器中运行命令
[root@salt1 ~]# docker run -it httpd /bin/bash
root@21c29aeb4163:/usr/local/apache2# exit //之前拉过镜像在本地，直接运行，如果本地没有镜像会到镜像仓库拉到本地
exit
[root@salt1 ~]# docker run -d httpd //以守护模式运行
44d0a0a19fd1c87511f6b22b990d54c21c4d1487a7cc05fff688162ef89d27c3
[root@salt1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
44d0a0a19fd1 httpd "httpd-foreground" 7 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 80/tcp clever_borg
14d403345c03 httpd "httpd-foreground" 38 minutes ago Up 22 minutes 80/tcp quirky_germain
docker attach 进入运行容器中
[root@salt1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c0e4b8a73edb httpd "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Up About a minute 80/tcp priceless_faraday
44d0a0a19fd1 httpd "httpd-foreground" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes 80/tcp clever_borg
14d403345c03 httpd "httpd-foreground" 45 minutes ago Up 29 minutes 80/tcp quirky_germain
[root@salt1 ~]# docker attach c0e4b8a73edb
root@c0e4b8a73edb:/usr/local/apache2# exit
exit
[root@salt1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
44d0a0a19fd1 httpd "httpd-foreground" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes 80/tcp clever_borg
14d403345c03 httpd "httpd-foreground" 46 minutes ago Up 30 minutes 80/tcp quirky_germain //退出停止进程
docker ps 列出容器
- 加-a列出所有
[root@salt1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
14d403345c03 httpd "httpd-foreground" 15 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp quirky_germain
docker logs 获取容器日志
[root@salt1 ~]# docker logs 44d0a0a19fd1
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Tue Mar 31 15:27:51.692119 2020] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140410744607872] AH00489: Apache/2.4.43 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
......
docker rm 移除一个或多个容器
[root@salt1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c0e4b8a73edb httpd "/bin/bash" 13 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 80/tcp priceless_faraday
436c493fb29e httpd "/bin/bash" 13 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago vibrant_shannon
44d0a0a19fd1 httpd "httpd-foreground" 15 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago clever_borg
[root@salt1 ~]# docker rm 436c493fb29e
436c493fb29e
[root@salt1 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c0e4b8a73edb httpd "/bin/bash" 13 minutes ago Up 7 minutes 80/tcp priceless_faraday
44d0a0a19fd1 httpd "httpd-foreground" 16 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago clever_borg
docker exec 在正在运行的容器中运行一个命令
[root@salt1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c0e4b8a73edb httpd "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp priceless_faraday
44d0a0a19fd1 httpd "httpd-foreground" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes 80/tcp clever_borg
14d403345c03 httpd "httpd-foreground" 47 minutes ago Up 31 minutes 80/tcp quirky_germain
[root@salt1 ~]# docker exec -it c0e4b8a73edb /bin/bash
root@c0e4b8a73edb:/usr/local/apache2# exit
exit
[root@salt1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c0e4b8a73edb httpd "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Up 17 seconds 80/tcp priceless_faraday
44d0a0a19fd1 httpd "httpd-foreground" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes 80/tcp clever_borg
14d403345c03 httpd "httpd-foreground" 47 minutes ago Up 32 minutes 80/tcp quirky_germain //退出不影响进程
docker info 显示系统范围内的信息
[root@salt1 ~]# docker info
Client:
Debug Mode: false
Server:
Containers: 1
Running: 1
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 1
Server Version: 19.03.8
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem:
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
......
docker inspect 返回docker对象的低级信息
[root@salt1 ~]# docker inspect 44d0a0a19fd1
[
{
"Id": "44d0a0a19fd1c87511f6b22b990d54c21c4d1487a7cc05fff688162ef89d27c3",
"Created": "2020-03-31T15:27:50.334737479Z",
"Path": "httpd-foreground",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "exited",
"Running": false,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 0,
"ExitCode": 0,
......