VIM自动补全神器 --- YouCompleteMe 安装全教程

VIM自动补全神器 — YouCompleteMe 安装全教程

前言

几天前觉得YCM在补全类成员的时候会变卡，就决定重装一次。结果很美满，但过程很痛苦。官方文档很多其他细节没有说清楚（或者是我没看清楚？），网络上很多教程都不太适合我，还有许多纰漏，在此记录一下本人安装的过程，希望对大家有帮助。

转载请注明原作者（Mr_Zing）及出处。

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最基本的准备

• linux系统（本机UBUNTU 14.04）
• Vim 7.3以上版本（本机Vim 7.4）
• git
• cmake
• 互联网

Ubuntu系统可以通过以下命令安装 vim , git , cmake

sudo apt-get install vim
sudo apt-get install git
sudo apt-get install cmake

其他系统的安装方法请自行搜索

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接下来安装

• LLVM-Clang 3.3
• Clang 标准库

安装LLVM-Clang 3.3

注意：不要跳过任何一步，除非你可以确定已经安装或者不需要。

创建目录

mkdir ~/llvm-clang

下载
点击链接，放到刚创建的llvm-clang文件夹中
- llvm-3.3源码
- clang-3.3源码
- clang-tools-extra-3.3源码
- compiler-rt-3.3源码

解压
终端工作目录在llvm-clang/

tar -xvzf llvm-3.3.src.tar.gz
tar -xvzf compiler-rt-3.3.src.tar.gz
tar -xvzf clang-tools-extra-3.3.src.tar.gz
tar -xvzf cfe-3.3.src.tar.gz

移动
为了可以一起编译

mv cfe-3.3.src/ llvm-3.3.src/tools/clang/
mv clang-tools-extra-3.3.src/ llvm-3.3.src/tools/clang/extra/
mv compiler-rt-3.3.src/ llvm-3.3.src/projects/compiler-rt/

下载
LLVM、clang 及辅助库源码

cd ~/llvm-clang
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm
cd llvm/tools
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang
cd ../..
cd llvm/tools/clang/tools
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/clang-tools-extra/trunk extra
cd ../../../..
cd llvm/projects
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/compiler-rt/trunk compiler-rt
cd ..

创建编译文件夹
防止污染源码

cd ~/llvm-clang
mkdir llvm-build
cd llvm-build/
../llvm-3.3.src/configure --enable-optimized

此种配置后，llv-clang默认安装到目录 /usr/local/ 下， 如果想改变安装目录，则加上配置： –prefix=Path 来制定

开始编译
很久…

make -j4
sudo make install

如果以后要卸载：

cd ~/llvm-clang
sudo make uninstall

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安装Clang 标准库

clang 的标准库————libc++(接口层)和 libc++abi(实现层)需要安装头文件和动态链接库(.so)*

安装 libc++

cd ~/llvm-clang
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxx/trunk libcxx
cd libcxx/lib
./buildit

复制.so文件和头文件

sudo cp -r ~/llvm-clang/libcxx/include/ /usr/include/c++/v1/
ln -s ~/llvm-clang/libcxx/lib/libc++.so.1.0 ~/llvm-clang/libcxx/lib/libc++.so.1
ln -s ~/llvm-clang/libcxx/lib/libc++.so.1.0 ~/llvm-clang/libcxx/lib/libc++.so
sudo cp ~/llvm-clang/libcxx/lib/libc++.so* /usr/lib/

复制需要管理权限，也就是输入密码…

安装 libc++abi 和 动态链接库，以及复制…

cd  ~/llvm-clang/
svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/libcxxabi/trunk libcxxabi
cd libcxxabi/lib
./buildit

sudo cp -r ~/llvm-clang/libcxxabi/include/ /usr/include/c++/v1/
ln -s ~/llvm-clang/libcxxabi/lib/libc++abi.so.1.0 ~/llvm-clang/libcxxabi/lib/libc++abi.so.1
ln -s ~/llvm-clang/libcxxabi/lib/libc++abi.so.1.0 ~/llvm-clang/libcxxabi/lib/libc++abi.so
sudo cp ~/llvm-clang/libcxxabi/lib/libc++abi.so* /usr/lib/

至此，前期准备完毕。

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开始编译安装 YCM

• 通过 Vundle 或 git 安装 YCM
• 编译
• 编辑.ycm_extra_conf.py
• 配置 .vimrc

通过 Vundle 安装 YCM

注意：此方法简单但不直观，下载过程没有及时反馈，可能让人失去耐心（难道只有我是这样的？）

*本段参考–百度linux贴吧：vim智能补全插件YouCompleteMe新手完全攻略
作者：萝卜特头*

安装Vundle
1.将Vundle安装到 ~/.vim/bundle/vundle

git clone https://github.com/gmarik/vundle.git ~/.vim/bundle/vundle

2.编辑 .vimrc 文件

• 打开

gedit ~/.vimrc

• 在文件末尾添加

""""""""""""""""""""" Vundle
set nocompatible
filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/vundle
call vundel#rc()
Bundle 'gmarik/vundle'
Bundle 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'
filetype plugin indent on
""""""""""""""""""""" Vundle

关键的是其中以Bundle开头的行，每一个Bundle代表一个vim插件，这些省略完整URL插件都是托管在 github 上的。如果想要安装新的插件，在call vundle#rc()和filetype plugin indent on之间添加新的Bundle插件名称即可。

3.开始下载安装

:source ~/.vimrc
:BundleInstall

如果你发现，这怎么这么久都没动静，是正常的，几十M且歪果服务器呢。
安装过程中，正在安装的插件左边会有 > 标识，安装完毕的是 +或- 。
安装结束后，会在状态栏看见Done字样。

注意：安装结束之后，打开vim会出现错误：

ycm_client_support.[so|pyd|dll] and ycm_core.[so|pyd|dll] not detected; you need
to compile YCM before using it. Read the docs!

通过 git 安装 YCM

本段参考– marchtea 的博客，被Vim自动补全神器–YouCompleteMe 引用。

进入目标文件夹并下载

mkdir ~/.vim/bundle/
cd ~/.vim/bundle/
git clone --recursive https://github.com/Valloric/YouCompleteMe.git
git submodule update --init --recursive

说明：
1. 创建文件夹，如果已经存在，可以跳过。
2. 进入文件夹
3. 从 git 下载 YCM 文件
4. 检查仓库（即文件夹）的完整性，不可跳过

下载过程挺久，但能看到屏幕一堆堆东西跑过去还是比较安心的呀！

编译

• 进入文件夹开始编译

cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe
./install.sh --clang-completer --system-libclang

• 说明：

  • 1.进入文件夹
  • 2.编译。--clang-completer是用于C-Family的补全，不需要可以去掉。因为系统已经安装好了clang，所以有--system-libclang

• 创建文件夹并开始编译

mkdir ~/ycm_build
cd ~/ycm_build
cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DUSE_SYSTEM_LIBclang=ON -DEXTERNAL_LIBCLANG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/libclang.so . ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/cpp
make ycm_core
make ycm_support_libs

• 说明：
  
  • 1.创建编译目录
  • 2.进入目录
  • 3.开始编译
  • 4.在YouCompleteMe中生成libclang.so和ycm_core.so文件
  • 5.生成第三个文件ycm_client_support.so

注意： 如果这里出错，大概到80%时说缺少头文件什么的，那就是前面没有认真安装好。

编辑.ycm_extra_conf.py

打开

gedit ~/.ycm_extra_conf.py

输入（如果已存在就覆盖，也可以什么都不做）

# This file is NOT licensed under the GPLv3, which is the license for the rest
# of YouCompleteMe.
#
# Here's the license text for this file:
#
# This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
#
# Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
# distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
# binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
# means.
#
# In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
# of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
# software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
# of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
# successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
# relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
# software under copyright law.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
# OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
# ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#
# For more information, please refer to 

import os
import ycm_core

# These are the compilation flags that will be used in case there's no
# compilation database set (by default, one is not set).
# CHANGE THIS LIST OF FLAGS. YES, THIS IS THE DROID YOU HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR.
flags = [
'-Wall',
'-Wextra',
#'-Werror',
#'-Wc++98-compat',
'-Wno-long-long',
'-Wno-variadic-macros',
'-fexceptions',
'-stdlib=libc++',
# THIS IS IMPORTANT! Without a "-std=" flag, clang won't know which
# language to use when compiling headers. So it will guess. Badly. So C++
# headers will be compiled as C headers. You don't want that so ALWAYS specify
# a "-std=".
# For a C project, you would set this to something like 'c99' instead of
# 'c++11'.
'-std=c++11',
# ...and the same thing goes for the magic -x option which specifies the
# language that the files to be compiled are written in. This is mostly
# relevant for c++ headers.
# For a C project, you would set this to 'c' instead of 'c++'.
'-x',
'c++',
'-I',
'.',
'-isystem',
'/usr/include',
'-isystem',
'/usr/local/include',
'-isystem',
'/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include',
'-isystem',
'/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../lib/c++/v1',
]

# Set this to the absolute path to the folder (NOT the file!) containing the
# compile_commands.json file to use that instead of 'flags'. See here for
# more details: http://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html
#
# Most projects will NOT need to set this to anything; you can just change the
# 'flags' list of compilation flags. Notice that YCM itself uses that approach.
compilation_database_folder = ''

if os.path.exists( compilation_database_folder ):
  database = ycm_core.CompilationDatabase( compilation_database_folder )
else:
  database = None

SOURCE_EXTENSIONS = [ '.cpp', '.cxx', '.cc', '.c', '.m', '.mm' ]

def DirectoryOfThisScript():
  return os.path.dirname( os.path.abspath( __file__ ) )

def MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, working_directory ):
  if not working_directory:
    return list( flags )
  new_flags = []
  make_next_absolute = False
  path_flags = [ '-isystem', '-I', '-iquote', '--sysroot=' ]
  for flag in flags:
    new_flag = flag

    if make_next_absolute:
      make_next_absolute = False
      if not flag.startswith( '/' ):
        new_flag = os.path.join( working_directory, flag )

    for path_flag in path_flags:
      if flag == path_flag:
        make_next_absolute = True
        break

      if flag.startswith( path_flag ):
        path = flag[ len( path_flag ): ]
        new_flag = path_flag + os.path.join( working_directory, path )
        break

    if new_flag:
      new_flags.append( new_flag )
  return new_flags

def IsHeaderFile( filename ):
  extension = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 1 ]
  return extension in [ '.h', '.hxx', '.hpp', '.hh' ]

def GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename ):
  # The compilation_commands.json file generated by CMake does not have entries
  # for header files. So we do our best by asking the db for flags for a
  # corresponding source file, if any. If one exists, the flags for that file
  # should be good enough.
  if IsHeaderFile( filename ):
    basename = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 0 ]
    for extension in SOURCE_EXTENSIONS:
      replacement_file = basename + extension
      if os.path.exists( replacement_file ):
        compilation_info = database.GetCompilationInfoForFile(
          replacement_file )
        if compilation_info.compiler_flags_:
          return compilation_info
    return None
  return database.GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )

def FlagsForFile( filename, **kwargs ):
  if database:
    # Bear in mind that compilation_info.compiler_flags_ does NOT return a
    # python list, but a "list-like" StringVec object
    compilation_info = GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )
    if not compilation_info:
      return None

    final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute(
      compilation_info.compiler_flags_,
      compilation_info.compiler_working_dir_ )

    # NOTE: This is just for YouCompleteMe; it's highly likely that your project
    # does NOT need to remove the stdlib flag. DO NOT USE THIS IN YOUR
    # ycm_extra_conf IF YOU'RE NOT 100% SURE YOU NEED IT.
    #try:
    #  final_flags.remove( '-stdlib=libc++' )
    #except ValueError:
    #  pass
  else:
    relative_to = DirectoryOfThisScript()
    final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, relative_to )

  return {
    'flags': final_flags,
    'do_cache': True
  }

此配置文件摘抄自 marchtea 的博客 ， 被 Vim自动补全神器–YouCompleteMe 引用。

编辑 .vimrc

打开

gedit ~/.vimrc

复制粘贴到末尾

" 自动补全配置
set completeopt=longest,menu    "让Vim的补全菜单行为与一般IDE一致(参考VimTip1228)
autocmd InsertLeave * if pumvisible() == 0|pclose|endif "离开插入模式后自动关闭预览窗口
inoremap <expr> <CR>       pumvisible() ? "\<C-y>" : "\<CR>"    "回车即选中当前项
"上下左右键的行为 会显示其他信息
inoremap <expr> <Down>     pumvisible() ? "\<C-n>" : "\<Down>"
inoremap <expr> <Up>       pumvisible() ? "\<C-p>" : "\<Up>"
inoremap <expr> <PageDown> pumvisible() ? "\<PageDown>\<C-p>\<C-n>" : "\<PageDown>"
inoremap <expr> <PageUp>   pumvisible() ? "\<PageUp>\<C-p>\<C-n>" : "\<PageUp>"

"youcompleteme  默认tab  s-tab 和自动补全冲突
"let g:ycm_key_list_select_completion=['<c-n>']
let g:ycm_key_list_select_completion = ['<Down>']
"let g:ycm_key_list_previous_completion=['<c-p>']
let g:ycm_key_list_previous_completion = ['<Up>']
let g:ycm_confirm_extra_conf=0 "关闭加载.ycm_extra_conf.py提示

let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_tags_files=1 " 开启 YCM 基于标签引擎
let g:ycm_min_num_of_chars_for_completion=2 " 从第2个键入字符就开始罗列匹配项
let g:ycm_cache_omnifunc=0  " 禁止缓存匹配项,每次都重新生成匹配项
let g:ycm_seed_identifiers_with_syntax=1    " 语法关键字补全
nnoremap <F5> :YcmForceCompileAndDiagnostics<CR>    "force recomile with syntastic
"nnoremap <leader>lo :lopen<CR> "open locationlist
"nnoremap <leader>lc :lclose<CR>    "close locationlist
inoremap <leader><leader> <C-x><C-o>

"在注释输入中也能补全
let g:ycm_complete_in_comments = 1
"在字符串输入中也能补全
let g:ycm_complete_in_strings = 1
"注释和字符串中的文字也会被收入补全
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 0

nnoremap <leader>jd :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR> " 跳转到定义处

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后话

至此 VIM 的补全神器 YCM 安装完成，如果需要更加全面的配置方法，可以在 YCM 的 github主页 上找到。

主要参考

• Vim自动补全插件—-YouCompleteMe安装与配置 – zhongcq
• vim智能补全插件YouCompleteMe新手完全攻略 – 萝卜特头
• Vim自动补全神器–YouCompleteMe – 转自 marchtea
• YCM的github项目主页

转载请注明原作者（Mr_Zing）及出处。