将Matplotlib嵌入GUI界面中

1.将Matplotlib嵌入wxPython的GUI界面中

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import wx
import numpy as np
import matplotlib

# matplotlib采用WXAgg为后台,将matplotlib嵌入wxPython中
matplotlib.use("WXAgg")

from matplotlib.backends.backend_wxagg import FigureCanvasWxAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_wxagg import NavigationToolbar2WxAgg as NavigationToolbar
from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator, FuncFormatter

import pylab
from matplotlib import pyplot


######################################################################################
class MPL_Panel_base(wx.Panel):
    ''''' #MPL_Panel_base面板,可以继承或者创建实例'''

    def __init__(self, parent):
        wx.Panel.__init__(self, parent=parent, id=-1)

        self.Figure = matplotlib.figure.Figure(figsize=(4, 3))
        self.axes = self.Figure.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8])
        self.FigureCanvas = FigureCanvas(self, -1, self.Figure)

        self.NavigationToolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.FigureCanvas)

        self.StaticText = wx.StaticText(self, -1, label='Show Help String')

        self.SubBoxSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        self.SubBoxSizer.Add(self.NavigationToolbar, proportion=0, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.SubBoxSizer.Add(self.StaticText, proportion=-1, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.TopBoxSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        self.TopBoxSizer.Add(self.SubBoxSizer, proportion=-1, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.TopBoxSizer.Add(self.FigureCanvas, proportion=-10, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.SetSizer(self.TopBoxSizer)

        ###方便调用
        self.pylab = pylab
        self.pl = pylab
        self.pyplot = pyplot
        self.numpy = np
        self.np = np
        self.plt = pyplot

    def UpdatePlot(self):
        '''''#修改图形的任何属性后都必须使用self.UpdatePlot()更新GUI界面 '''
        self.FigureCanvas.draw()

    def plot(self, *args, **kwargs):
        '''''#最常用的绘图命令plot '''
        self.axes.plot(*args, **kwargs)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def semilogx(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''''' #对数坐标绘图命令 '''
        self.axes.semilogx(*args, **kwargs)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def semilogy(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''''' #对数坐标绘图命令 '''
        self.axes.semilogy(*args, **kwargs)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def loglog(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''''' #对数坐标绘图命令 '''
        self.axes.loglog(*args, **kwargs)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def grid(self, flag=True):
        ''''' ##显示网格  '''
        if flag:
            self.axes.grid()
        else:
            self.axes.grid(False)

    def title_MPL(self, TitleString="wxMatPlotLib Example In wxPython"):
        ''''' # 给图像添加一个标题   '''
        self.axes.set_title(TitleString)

    def xlabel(self, XabelString="X"):
        ''''' # Add xlabel to the plotting    '''
        self.axes.set_xlabel(XabelString)

    def ylabel(self, YabelString="Y"):
        ''''' # Add ylabel to the plotting '''
        self.axes.set_ylabel(YabelString)

    def xticker(self, major_ticker=1.0, minor_ticker=0.1):
        ''''' # 设置X轴的刻度大小 '''
        self.axes.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(major_ticker))
        self.axes.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(minor_ticker))

    def yticker(self, major_ticker=1.0, minor_ticker=0.1):
        ''''' # 设置Y轴的刻度大小 '''
        self.axes.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(major_ticker))
        self.axes.yaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(minor_ticker))

    def legend(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''''' #图例legend for the plotting  '''
        self.axes.legend(*args, **kwargs)

    def xlim(self, x_min, x_max):
        ''' # 设置x轴的显示范围  '''
        self.axes.set_xlim(x_min, x_max)

    def ylim(self, y_min, y_max):
        ''' # 设置y轴的显示范围   '''
        self.axes.set_ylim(y_min, y_max)

    def savefig(self, *args, **kwargs):
        ''' #保存图形到文件 '''
        self.Figure.savefig(*args, **kwargs)

    def cla(self):
        ''' # 再次画图前,必须调用该命令清空原来的图形  '''
        self.axes.clear()
        self.Figure.set_canvas(self.FigureCanvas)
        self.UpdatePlot()

    def ShowHelpString(self, HelpString="Show Help String"):
        ''''' #可以用它来显示一些帮助信息,如鼠标位置等 '''
        self.StaticText.SetLabel(HelpString)

        ################################################################


class MPL_Panel(MPL_Panel_base):
    ''''' #MPL_Panel重要面板,可以继承或者创建实例 '''

    def __init__(self, parent):
        MPL_Panel_base.__init__(self, parent=parent)

        # 测试一下
        self.FirstPlot()


        # 仅仅用于测试和初始化,意义不大

    def FirstPlot(self):
        # self.rc('lines',lw=5,c='r')
        self.cla()
        x = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
        y = np.sin(x)
        self.yticker(0.5, 0.1)
        self.xticker(1.0, 0.2)
        self.xlabel('X')
        self.ylabel('Y')
        self.title_MPL("图像")
        self.grid()
        self.plot(x, y, '--^g')


        ###############################################################################


# MPL_Frame添加了MPL_Panel的1个实例
###############################################################################
class MPL_Frame(wx.Frame):
    """MPL_Frame可以继承,并可修改,或者直接使用"""

    def __init__(self, title="MPL_Frame Example In wxPython", size=(800, 500)):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, title=title, size=size)

        self.MPL = MPL_Panel_base(self)

        # 创建FlexGridSizer
        self.FlexGridSizer = wx.FlexGridSizer(rows=9, cols=1, vgap=5, hgap=5)
        self.FlexGridSizer.SetFlexibleDirection(wx.BOTH)

        self.RightPanel = wx.Panel(self, -1)

        # 测试按钮1
        self.Button1 = wx.Button(self.RightPanel, -1, "刷新", size=(100, 40), pos=(10, 10))
        self.Button1.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Button1Event)

        # 测试按钮2
        self.Button2 = wx.Button(self.RightPanel, -1, "关于", size=(100, 40), pos=(10, 10))
        self.Button2.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Button2Event)

        # 加入Sizer中
        self.FlexGridSizer.Add(self.Button1, proportion=0, border=5, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.FlexGridSizer.Add(self.Button2, proportion=0, border=5, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.RightPanel.SetSizer(self.FlexGridSizer)

        self.BoxSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.MPL, proportion=-10, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.RightPanel, proportion=0, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.SetSizer(self.BoxSizer)

        # 状态栏
        self.StatusBar()

        # MPL_Frame界面居中显示
        self.Centre(wx.BOTH)



        # 按钮事件,用于测试

    def Button1Event(self, event):
        self.MPL.cla()  # 必须清理图形,才能显示下一幅图
        x = np.arange(-10, 10, 0.25)
        y = np.cos(x)
        self.MPL.plot(x, y, '--*g')
        self.MPL.xticker(2.0, 0.5)
        self.MPL.yticker(0.5, 0.1)
        self.MPL.title_MPL("MPL1")
        self.MPL.ShowHelpString("You Can Show MPL Helpful String Here !")
        self.MPL.grid()
        self.MPL.UpdatePlot()  # 必须刷新才能显示

    def Button2Event(self, event):
        self.AboutDialog()


        # 打开文件,用于测试

        def DoOpenFile(self):
            wildcard = r"Data files (*.dat)|*.dat|Text files (*.txt)|*.txt|ALL Files (*.*)|*.*"
            open_dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, message='Choose a file', wildcard=wildcard, style='')
            if open_dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
                path = open_dlg.GetPath()
                try:
                    file = open(path, 'r')
                    text = file.read()
                    file.close()
                except:
                    dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self, 'Error opening file\n')
                    dlg.ShowModal()

            open_dlg.Destroy()



        # 自动创建状态栏

    def StatusBar(self):
        self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar()
        self.statusbar.SetFieldsCount(3)
        self.statusbar.SetStatusWidths([-2, -2, -1])


        # About对话框

    def AboutDialog(self):
        dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self,
                               '\twxMatPlotLib\t\nMPL_Panel_base,MPL_Panel,MPL_Frame and MPL2_Frame \n Created by Wu Xuping\n Version 1.0.0 \n 2012-02-01',
                               'About MPL_Frame and MPL_Panel', wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
        dlg.ShowModal()
        dlg.Destroy()

        ###############################################################################


###  MPL2_Frame添加了MPL_Panel的两个实例
###############################################################################
class MPL2_Frame(wx.Frame):
    """MPL2_Frame可以继承,并可修改,或者直接使用"""

    def __init__(self, title="MPL2_Frame Example In wxPython", size=(850, 500)):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, title=title, size=size)

        self.BoxSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)

        self.MPL1 = MPL_Panel_base(self)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.MPL1, proportion=-1, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.MPL2 = MPL_Panel_base(self)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.MPL2, proportion=-1, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.RightPanel = wx.Panel(self, -1)
        self.BoxSizer.Add(self.RightPanel, proportion=0, border=2, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.SetSizer(self.BoxSizer)

        # 创建FlexGridSizer
        self.FlexGridSizer = wx.FlexGridSizer(rows=9, cols=1, vgap=5, hgap=5)
        self.FlexGridSizer.SetFlexibleDirection(wx.BOTH)

        # 测试按钮1
        self.Button1 = wx.Button(self.RightPanel, -1, "TestButton", size=(100, 40), pos=(10, 10))
        self.Button1.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Button1Event)

        # 测试按钮2
        self.Button2 = wx.Button(self.RightPanel, -1, "AboutButton", size=(100, 40), pos=(10, 10))
        self.Button2.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Button2Event)

        # 加入Sizer中
        self.FlexGridSizer.Add(self.Button1, proportion=0, border=5, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)
        self.FlexGridSizer.Add(self.Button2, proportion=0, border=5, flag=wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND)

        self.RightPanel.SetSizer(self.FlexGridSizer)

        # 状态栏
        self.StatusBar()

        # MPL2_Frame界面居中显示
        self.Centre(wx.BOTH)



        # 按钮事件,用于测试

    def Button1Event(self, event):
        self.MPL1.cla()  # 必须清理图形,才能显示下一幅图
        x = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.2)
        y = np.cos(x)
        self.MPL1.plot(x, y, '--*g')
        self.MPL1.xticker(2.0, 1.0)
        self.MPL1.yticker(0.5, 0.1)
        self.MPL1.title_MPL("MPL1")
        self.MPL1.ShowHelpString("You Can Show MPL1 Helpful String Here !")
        self.MPL1.grid()
        self.MPL1.UpdatePlot()  # 必须刷新才能显示

        self.MPL2.cla()
        self.MPL2.plot(x, np.sin(x), ':^b')
        self.MPL2.xticker(1.0, 0.5)
        self.MPL2.yticker(0.2, 0.1)
        self.MPL2.title_MPL("MPL2")
        self.MPL2.grid()
        self.MPL2.UpdatePlot()

    def Button2Event(self, event):
        self.AboutDialog()



        # 自动创建状态栏

    def StatusBar(self):
        self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar()
        self.statusbar.SetFieldsCount(3)
        self.statusbar.SetStatusWidths([-2, -2, -1])


        # About对话框

    def AboutDialog(self):
        dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self,
                               '\twxMatPlotLib\t\nMPL_Panel_base,MPL_Panel,MPL_Frame and MPL2_Frame \n Created by Wu Xuping\n Version 1.0.0 \n 2012-02-01',
                               'About MPL_Frame and MPL_Panel', wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
        dlg.ShowModal()
        dlg.Destroy()




        ########################################################################


# 主程序测试
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = MPL2_Frame()
    #frame = MPL_Frame()
    frame.Center()
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()

2.将Matplotlib嵌入Pyqt5的GUI界面

import sys
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets

from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5 import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import random

class Window(QtWidgets.QDialog):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Window, self).__init__(parent)

        # a figure instance to plot on
        self.figure = plt.figure()

        # this is the Canvas Widget that displays the `figure`
        # it takes the `figure` instance as a parameter to __init__
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)

        # this is the Navigation widget
        # it takes the Canvas widget and a parent
        self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)

        # Just some button connected to `plot` method
        self.button = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Plot')
        self.button.clicked.connect(self.plot)

        # set the layout
        layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(self.toolbar)
        layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
        layout.addWidget(self.button)
        self.setLayout(layout)

    def plot(self):
        ''' plot some random stuff '''
        # random data
        data = [random.random() for i in range(20)]

        # create an axis
        ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)

        # discards the old graph
        ax.hold(False)

        # plot data
        ax.plot(data, '*-')

        # refresh canvas
        self.canvas.draw()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    main = Window()
    main.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())