猿学~史上最全的ASP.NET MVC路由配置

先说一下基本的路由规则原则。基本的路由规则是从特殊到一般排列，也就是最特殊（非主流）的规则在最前面，最一般（万金油）的规则排在最后。这是因为匹配路由规则也是照着这个顺序的。如果写反了，那么即便你路由规则写对了那照样坐等404.

XD 首先说URL的构造。 其实这个也谈不上构造，只是语法特性吧。

URL构造

命名参数规范+匿名对象

1	routes.MapRoute(name:"Default",url:"{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } );

构造路由然后添加

1 2	Route myRoute = newRoute("{controller}/{action}",newMvcRouteHandler()); routes.Add("MyRoute", myRoute);

直接方法重载+匿名对象

1	routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema","Shop/{action}",new{ controller = "Home"});

　　个人觉得第一种比较易懂，第二种方便调试，第三种写起来比较效率吧。各取所需吧。本文行文偏向于第三种。

路由规则

 1.默认路由(MVC自带)

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routes.MapRoute( "Default",// 路由名称 "{controller}/{action}/{id}",// 带有参数的 URL new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // 参数默认值 (UrlParameter.Optional-可选的意思) );

2.静态URL段

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routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2","Shop/OldAction",new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index"});    routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema","Shop/{action}",new{ controller = "Home"}); routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2","Shop/OldAction.js",  new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index"});

 没有占位符路由就是现成的写死的。

比如这样写然后去访问http://localhost:XXX/Shop/OldAction.js，response也是完全没问题的。 controller , action , area这三个保留字就别设静态变量里面了。

3.自定义常规变量URL段（好吧这翻译暴露智商了）

1	routes.MapRoute("MyRoute2","{controller}/{action}/{id}",new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "DefaultId"});

这种情况如果访问 /Home/Index 的话，因为第三段（id）没有值，根据路由规则这个参数会被设为DefaultId

这个用viewbag给title赋值就能很明显看出

1	ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];

图不贴了，结果是标题显示为DefaultId。 注意要在控制器里面赋值，在视图赋值没法编译的。

4.再述默认路由

然后再回到默认路由。 UrlParameter.Optional这个叫可选URL段.路由里没有这个参数的话id为null。 照原文大致说法，这个可选URL段能用来实现一个关注点的分离。刚才在路由里直接设定参数默认值其实不是很好。照我的理解，实际参数是用户发来的，我们做的只是定义形式参数名。但是，如果硬要给参数赋默认值的话，建议用语法糖写到action参数里面。比如：

1	publicActionResult Index(stringid = "abcd"){ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];returnView();}

5.可变长度路由。

1	routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional });

在这里id和最后一段都是可变的，所以 /Home/Index/dabdafdaf 等效于 /Home/Index//abcdefdjldfiaeahfoeiho 等效于 /Home/Index/All/Delete/Perm/.....

6.跨命名空间路由

 这个提醒一下记得引用命名空间，开启IIS网站不然就是404。这个非常非主流，不建议瞎搞。

1	routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers","UrlsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

但是这样写的话数组排名不分先后的，如果有多个匹配的路由会报错。 然后作者提出了一种改进写法。

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routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute","Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers"});    routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

 这样第一个URL段不是Home的都交给第二个处理 最后还可以设定这个路由找不到的话就不给后面的路由留后路啦，也就不再往下找啦。

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Route myRoute = routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute", "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers"});  myRoute.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"] = false;

7.正则表达式匹配路由

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routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",  new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },  new{ controller = "^H.*"}, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

 约束多个URL

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routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new{ controller = "^H.*", action = "^Index$|^About$"}, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

8.指定请求方法

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routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",    new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },    new{ controller = "^H.*", action = "Index|About", httpMethod = newHttpMethodConstraint("GET") },    new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

9. WebForm支持

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routes.MapPageRoute("","","~/Default.aspx");     routes.MapPageRoute("list","Items/{action}","~/Items/list.aspx",false,newRouteValueDictionary { { "action","all"} });     routes.MapPageRoute("show","Show/{action}","~/show.aspx",false,newRouteValueDictionary { { "action","all"} });     routes.MapPageRoute("edit","Edit/{id}","~/edit.aspx",false,newRouteValueDictionary { { "id","1"} }, newRouteValueDictionary { { "id",@"\d+"} });

 具体的可以看

使用Asp.Net4新特性路由创建WebForm应用

或者官方msdn

10.MVC5的RouteAttribute

首先要在路由注册方法那里

1 2	//启用路由特性映射 routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes();

 这样

1	[Route("Login")]

 route特性才有效.该特性有好几个重载.还有路由约束啊,顺序啊,路由名之类的.

其他的还有路由前缀,路由默认值

1	[RoutePrefix("reviews")] [Route("{action=index}")] publicclassReviewsController : Controller { }

 路由构造

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// eg: /users/5 [Route("users/{id:int}"] publicActionResult GetUserById(intid) { ... }    // eg: users/ken [Route("users/{name}"] publicActionResult GetUserByName(stringname) { ... }

 参数限制

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// eg: /users/5 // but not /users/10000000000 because it is larger than int.MaxValue, // and not /users/0 because of the min(1) constraint. [Route("users/{id:int:min(1)}")] publicActionResult GetUserById(intid) { ... }

Constraint	Description	Example
alpha	Matches uppercase or lowercase Latin alphabet characters (a-z, A-Z)	{x:alpha}
bool	Matches a Boolean value.	{x:bool}
datetime	Matches a DateTime value.	{x:datetime}
decimal	Matches a decimal value.	{x:decimal}
double	Matches a 64-bit floating-point value.	{x:double}
float	Matches a 32-bit floating-point value.	{x:float}
guid	Matches a GUID value.	{x:guid}
int	Matches a 32-bit integer value.	{x:int}
length	Matches a string with the specified length or within a specified range of lengths.	{x:length(6)}  {x:length(1,20)}
long	Matches a 64-bit integer value.	{x:long}
max	Matches an integer with a maximum value.	{x:max(10)}
maxlength	Matches a string with a maximum length.	{x:maxlength(10)}
min	Matches an integer with a minimum value.	{x:min(10)}
minlength	Matches a string with a minimum length.	{x:minlength(10)}
range	Matches an integer within a range of values.	{x:range(10,50)}
regex	Matches a regular expression.	{x:regex(^\d{3}-\d{3}-\d{4}$)}

具体的可以参考

Attribute Routing in ASP.NET MVC 5

 对我来说,这样的好处是分散了路由规则的定义.有人喜欢集中,我个人比较喜欢这种灵活的处理.因为这个action定义好后,我不需要跑到配置那里定义对应的路由规则

11.最后还是不爽的话自己写个类实现 IRouteConstraint的匹配方法。

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usingSystem; usingSystem.Collections.Generic; usingSystem.Linq; usingSystem.Web; usingSystem.Web.Routing; /// /// If the standard constraints are not sufficient for your needs, you can define your own custom constraints by implementing the IRouteConstraint interface. /// publicclassUserAgentConstraint : IRouteConstraint {        privatestringrequiredUserAgent;     publicUserAgentConstraint(stringagentParam)     {         requiredUserAgent = agentParam;     }     publicboolMatch(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, stringparameterName,     RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection)     {         returnhttpContext.Request.UserAgent != null&&         httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains(requiredUserAgent);     } }

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routes.MapRoute("ChromeRoute","{*catchall}",    new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index"},    new{ customConstraint = newUserAgentConstraint("Chrome") },    new[] { "UrlsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers"});

 比如这个就用来匹配是否是用谷歌浏览器访问网页的。

12.访问本地文档

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routes.RouteExistingFiles = true;    routes.MapRoute("DiskFile","Content/StaticContent.html",new{ controller = "Customer", action = "List", });

浏览网站，以开启 IIS Express，然后点显示所有应用程序-点击网站名称-配置（applicationhost.config）-搜索UrlRoutingModule节点

1	"UrlRoutingModule-4.0"type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule"preCondition="managedHandler,runtimeVersionv4.0"/>

把这个节点里的preCondition删除，变成

1	"UrlRoutingModule-4.0"type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule"preCondition=""/>

 13.直接访问本地资源，绕过了路由系统

1	routes.IgnoreRoute("Content/{filename}.html");

文件名还可以用 {filename}占位符。

IgnoreRoute方法是RouteCollection里面StopRoutingHandler类的一个实例。路由系统通过硬-编码识别这个Handler。如果这个规则匹配的话，后面的规则都无效了。 这也就是默认的路由里面routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");写最前面的原因。

路由测试（在测试项目的基础上，要装moq）

1	PM> Install-Package Moq

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usingSystem; usingMicrosoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting; usingSystem.Web; usingMoq; usingSystem.Web.Routing; usingSystem.Reflection; [TestClass] publicclassRoutesTest {     privateHttpContextBase CreateHttpContext(stringtargetUrl = null,stringHttpMethod = "GET")     {         // create the mock request         Mock mockRequest = newMock();         mockRequest.Setup(m => m.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath)         .Returns(targetUrl);         mockRequest.Setup(m => m.HttpMethod).Returns(HttpMethod);         // create the mock response         Mock mockResponse = newMock();         mockResponse.Setup(m => m.ApplyAppPathModifier(         It.IsAny<string>())).Returns<string>(s => s);         // create the mock context, using the request and response         Mock mockContext = newMock();         mockContext.Setup(m => m.Request).Returns(mockRequest.Object);         mockContext.Setup(m => m.Response).Returns(mockResponse.Object);         // return the mocked context         returnmockContext.Object;     }        privatevoidTestRouteMatch(stringurl,stringcontroller,stringaction,objectrouteProperties = null,stringhttpMethod = "GET")     {         // Arrange         RouteCollection routes = newRouteCollection();         RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes);         // Act - process the route         RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url, httpMethod));         // Assert         Assert.IsNotNull(result);         Assert.IsTrue(TestIncomingRouteResult(result, controller, action, routeProperties));     }        privateboolTestIncomingRouteResult(RouteData routeResult, stringcontroller,stringaction,objectpropertySet = null)     {         Func<object,object,bool> valCompare = (v1, v2) =>         {             returnStringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase             .Compare(v1, v2) == 0;         };         boolresult = valCompare(routeResult.Values["controller"], controller)         && valCompare(routeResult.Values["action"], action);         if(propertySet != null)         {             PropertyInfo[] propInfo = propertySet.GetType().GetProperties();             foreach(PropertyInfo pi inpropInfo)             {                 if(!(routeResult.Values.ContainsKey(pi.Name)                 && valCompare(routeResult.Values[pi.Name],                 pi.GetValue(propertySet,null))))                 {                     result = false;                     break;                 }             }         }         returnresult;     }        privatevoidTestRouteFail(stringurl)     {         // Arrange         RouteCollection routes = newRouteCollection();         RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes);         // Act - process the route         RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url));         // Assert         Assert.IsTrue(result == null|| result.Route == null);     }        [TestMethod]     publicvoidTestIncomingRoutes()     {         // check for the URL that we hope to receive         TestRouteMatch("~/Admin/Index","Admin","Index");         // check that the values are being obtained from the segments         TestRouteMatch("~/One/Two","One","Two");         // ensure that too many or too few segments fails to match         TestRouteFail("~/Admin/Index/Segment");//失败         TestRouteFail("~/Admin");//失败         TestRouteMatch("~/","Home","Index");         TestRouteMatch("~/Customer","Customer","Index");         TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List","Customer","List");         TestRouteFail("~/Customer/List/All");//失败         TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All","Customer","List",new{ id = "All"});         TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete","Customer","List",new{ id = "All", catchall = "Delete"});         TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete/Perm","Customer","List",new{ id = "All", catchall = "Delete/Perm"});     }     }

　　最后还是再推荐一下Adam Freeman写的apress.pro.asp.net.mvc.4这本书。稍微熟悉MVC的从第二部分开始读好了。前面都是入门（对我来说是扯淡）。但总比国内某些写书的人好吧——把个开源项目的源代码下载下来帖到书上面来，然后标题起个深入解析XXXX，然后净瞎扯淡。最后一千多页的巨著又诞生了。Adam Freeman的风格我就很喜欢，都是实例写作，然后还在那边书里面专门写了大量的测试。

　　哎没办法啊，技术差距就是这样了。

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