【DG】在Linux平台上搭建单实例的dataguard--duplicate

【DG】在Linux平台上搭建单实例的dataguard--duplicate


实验环境介绍

*** 鉴于生产环境均采用 64 位系统和数据库软件,本实验也将采用这个标准 ***

 

采用vmware workstation 10 (版本随意,我用的 10 )虚拟机软件作为安装平台

 

对于真机的要求:CPU INTEL CORE I3 级别或以上 推荐

  AMD 4 核心 CPU 或以上 推荐

内存: 建议4 G 以上

系统:WIN7 /8 64 /WINDOWS SERVER 2003/2008 64

硬盘:虚拟机所在分区剩余空间 5 0G 以上,固态硬盘最好

 

虚拟机系统: Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 update 5 64 位)

数据库版本: Oracle 11gR2 11.2.0. 3   64 位)

 

基础要求:(1 )安装两台虚拟机 分别 作为 主库和备库 硬盘大小随意。但要保证

根分区 2 0G 别给太小了就行。 物理内存 1 G SWAP  2 G

        

 

二:安装数据库软件前的系统 配置   (主库和备库端都要做下列操作)

1 .基本配置:

一定要用新装的系统(这里以红帽企业版5.5 为例),系统要求最低配置 1G 内存, 2Gswap 分区,根分区 20G 以上,装好系统后先配置好 yum IP 地址, /etc/sysconfig/network 文件中的主机名,以及 /etc/hosts 文件中的 IP 地址和主机名的对应关系。

 

主库IP 192.168.1.101

主库主机名:pri.cty.com pri

备库IP 192.168.1.102

备库主机名:std.cty.com std

 

2 .装包

yum install compat-libstdc++-33  ksh gcc gcc-c++ libgomp elfutils-libelf-devel glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio-devel libstdc++-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel - y  

 

 

3 .查看共享内存大小,要求最低为 1GB

# df -h /dev/shm

Filesystem            Size  Used   Avail    Use%   Mounted on

tmpfs                 506M     0   506M    0%    /dev/shm

发现不够,修改

#   vim /etc/fstab

如图,在tmpfs 那一行的 defaults 后面加上 ,size=1024m

 

保存退出后重新挂载:

#   mount -o remount /dev/shm

再次查看共享内存:

# df -h /dev/shm

Filesystem            Size  Used   Avail   Use%   Mounted on

tmpfs                1.0G     0  1.0G      0%   /dev/shm

修改成功

 

4 .创建相关的组与用户:

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

g roupadd oper

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

passwd oracle

 

 

5 .创建所需的目录并赋予特定的属主和属组

mkdir /u01/app/oracle - pv

chown oracle.oinstall /u01  -R

建议:最好为单独分一个区,然后将u01 挂载到该分区上(可不做,看情况)

 

 

6 .编辑 limits.conf 文件

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

添加下面5 行内容:

oracle          soft    nproc   2047

oracle          hard    nproc   16384

oracle          soft    nofile  1024

oracle          hard    nofile  65536

oracle          soft    stack   10240

 

7 .编辑 sysctl.conf 文件,设置相关参数

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

添加/ 修改下列内容:(注意!下面的参数,若是已经存在,则直接修改数值,不要再添加同样的参数,相同的参数只能有一个!如果需要修改的参数已经大于下面的数字,则不用修改,请仔细核对!)

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 6815744

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

保存退出后,别忘了用 sysctl - p 命令使参数生效!

 

8 .编辑 vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile 文件,配置相关环境变量

添加下列几行:

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

 

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID= pri ( 备库端设置为 std)

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

至此,安装环境相关配置结束。

 

开始 安装oracle11g 数据库软件   (主库和备库端都要做下列操作)

1. 挂载 oracle11g 的镜像到 /mnt/cdrom 目录下,并把 3 个包解压到 /usr/local/src 目录下

cd /mnt/cdrom/

unzip p10404530_112030_LINUX_1of7.zip -d /usr/local/src

unzip p10404530_112030_LINUX_2of7.zip -d /usr/local/src

unzip p10404530_112030_LINUX_3of7.zip -d /usr/local/src

( 只装数据库的话,解压前两个包即可,第三个包是 grid)

 

2.   root 身份执行 xhost + ,然后切换到 oracle 用户进入 /usr/local/src/database 目录中,执行 runInstaller 开始安装    (database 是默认解压完的目录名 )

# xhost +  

# su -  oracle

$ ./runInstaller           

注意:安装oracle11g 要求分辨率最低为 1024x768, 不然无法完整显示安装过程

 

安装过程:略

注意:主库在安装完软件后需要进行DBCA 建库操作,推荐不要启用归档模式,会节省时间,备库端不要建库!

四:开始搭建Dataguard

 

1 :将数据库改为强制日志模式   (此步骤只在主库上做)

[oracle@ pri  ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

 

查看 当前是否强制日志模式:

SYS@pri> select name,log_mode,force_logging from v$database;

 

NAME      LOG_MODE     FOR

---------   ------------ ---

PRI        NOARCHIVELOG NO

 

SYS@pri> alter database force logging;

 

Database altered.

 

SYS@pri> select name,log_mode,force_logging from v$database;

 

NAME      LOG_MODE     FOR

---------   ------------ ---

PRI        NOARCHIVELOG YES

 

2 创建密码文件       (此步骤只在主库上做)

注意:两端 分别 创建自己的密码文件好像有问题,备库的密码文件需要跟主库一致,否则导致日志传输不到备库,有待验证。我最后是将 主库 密码文件 直接copy 到备库,重命名后使用。

[oracle@ pri  ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@ pri  dbs]$ ls

hc_racdb1.dat  init.ora  initracdb1.ora   orapwpri 已经有一个密码文件了

[oracle@ pri  dbs]$ orapwd file=orapw pri  password=oracle force=y

这条命令可以手动生成密码文件,force=y 的意思是强制覆盖当前已有的密码文件

[oracle@ pri  dbs]$ ls

hc_pri.dat  init.ora  initpri.ora  lkPRI   orapwpri   spfilepri.ora

 

主库 的密码文件copy 给备库,并重命名

[oracle@ pri  dbs]$ scp orapwpri   192.168.1.102 :$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/ orapwstd

orapwpri                                    100% 1536     1.5KB/s   00:00    

 

 

 

 

 

 

3 :创建 standby redolog 日志组   (此步骤只在主库上做)

原则:

1 standby redo log 的文件大小与 primary 数据库 online redo log 文件大小相同

2 standby redo log 日志文件组的个数依照下面的原则进行计算:

Standby redo log 组数公式 >=( 每个 instance 日志组个数 +1)*instance 个数

假如只有一个节点,这个节点有三组redolog

所以Standby redo log 组数 >=(3+1)*1 == 4

     所以至少需要创建4 Standby redo log

 

查看当前线程与日志组的对应关系及日志组的大小:

SYS@pri> select thread#,group#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;

 

   THREAD#     GROUP#   BYTES/1024/1024

   --------------- -------------    ------------------------

             1              1              50

             1              2              50

            1               3              50

如上,我现在的环境有 redolog ,每个日志组的大小都是 50M

所以Standby redo log 组数 >=( 3 +1)* 1 == 4

所以至少需要创建 4 Standby redo log ,大小均为 50M

thread :线程,只有在多实例数据库才有用的参数,例如 RAC 环境,单实例不考虑)

 

查看当前有哪些日志组及其成员:

SYS@pri>  col member for a50

SYS@pri>   select group#,member from v$logfile;

 

    GROUP# MEMBER

---------- --------------------------------------------------

         3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/redo03.log

         2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/redo02.log

         1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/redo01.log

 

手动 创建standby log 日志组所需的目录:

(创建新目录只是为了便于区分,并非必须

[oracle@pri dbs]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/

[oracle@pri oradata]$ ls

pri

[oracle@pri oradata]$ mkdir standbylog

[oracle@pri oradata]$ ls

pri  standbylog

 

 

 

 

新建 4 个日志组作为standby redolog 日志组,大小与原来的日志组一致:

由于已经存在group1- 3 , ,所以 group 号只能从 4 开始

SYS@pri>  alter database add standby logfile   group 4

  2  ' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/standbylog/ std_ redo0 4 .log '

  3  size 50m;

 

Database altered.

 

SYS@pri>  alter database add standby logfile   group 5

  2  ' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/standbylog/ std_ redo0 5 .log '

  3  size 50m;

 

Database altered.

 

SYS@pri>  alter database add standby logfile   group 6

  2  ' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/standbylog/ std_ redo0 6 .log '

  3  size 50m;

 

Database altered.

 

SYS@pri>  alter database add standby logfile   group 7

  2  ' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/standbylog/ std_ redo0 7 .log '

  3  size 50m;

 

Database altered.

 

查看standby 日志组的信息:

SYS@pri>   select group#,sequence#,status, bytes/1024/1024 from v$standby_log;

 

    GROUP#  SEQUENCE#    STATUS           BYTES/1024/1024

----------    ------------------   -------------------     ------------------------

         4               0     UNASSIGNED                  50

         5               0     UNASSIGNED                  50

         6               0     UNASSIGNED                  50

         7               0     UNASSIGNED                  50

 

 

查看当前有哪些日志组及其成员:

SYS@pri>  set pagesize 100

SYS@pri> col member for a60

SYS@pri>  select group#,member from v$logfile  order by group# ;

 

      GROUP# MEMBER

  ------------ ------------------------------------------------------------

              1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/redo01.log

              2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/redo02.log

              3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/redo03.log

              4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/standbylog/std_redo04.log

              5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/standbylog/std_redo05.log

              6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/standbylog/std_redo06.log

              7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/standbylog/std_redo07.log

 

 

4 :修改 主库的 pfile 参数文件   (此步骤只在主库上做)

 

查看spfile 的路径:

SYS@pri>  show parameter spfile;

 

NAME    TYPE    VALUE

-----------    -----------   -----------------------------------------------------------------

spfile     string       /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilepri.ora

 

spfile 创建一个 pfile, 用于修改:

SYS@pri>  create pfile from spfile;  

 

修改主库的pfile

[oracle@ pri  ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@ pri  dbs]$ vim init pri .ora

pri.__db_cache_size=125829120

pri.__java_pool_size=4194304

pri.__large_pool_size=4194304

pri.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

pri.__pga_aggregate_target=146800640

pri.__sga_target=272629760

pri.__shared_io_pool_size=0

pri.__shared_pool_size=125829120

pri.__streams_pool_size=4194304

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/pri/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'

*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/pri/control02.ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_name='pri'   DG 主库和备库的 db_name 必须一致, db_unique_name 不一致

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4227858432

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE= priXDB )'

*.memory_target=419430400

*.open_cursors=300

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

 

下面几行是需要手动添加的:

*.db_unique_name=' pri '

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=( pri , std )'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location= /u01/app /arch/ pri  valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name= pri '

*.log_archive_dest_2='service= std  valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name= std '

*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable

*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable

*.log_archive_max_processes=4

 

*.fal_server=' std '

*.fal_client=' pri '

*.db_file_name_convert= ' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std ' , ' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri '

*.log_file_name_convert= ' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std ' , ' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri '

*.standby_file_management='auto'

修改完毕,保存退出

 

手工创建 /u01/app /arch/ pri  

[oracle@ pri  dbs]$ mkdir /u01/app/arch/pri -pv

mkdir: created directory `/u01/app/arch'

mkdir: created directory `/u01/app/arch/pri'

 

5 :用修改过的 pfile 重新 创建一个spfile ,用于启动数据库 此步骤只在主库上做

关闭数据库:

SYS@pri>  shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

 

SYS@pri>  create spfile from pfile;

 

此时把数据库改为归档模式:   (如果当初建库时选择了启用归档,则此步骤忽略)

由于当前数据库已关闭,首先需要把数据库启动到mount 状态

SYS@pri>   startup mount;  

ORACLE instance started.

Database mounted.

 

SYS@pri>   alter database archivelog; 启用归档模式

Database altered.

 

SYS@pri>   alter database open;   OPEN 数据库

Database altered.

 

SYS@pri>   archive log list;   查看是否启用归档模式

Database log mode              Archive Mode

Automatic archival                Enabled

Archive destination                /u01/app/arch/pri

Oldest online log sequence          6

Next log sequence to archive         8

Current log sequence               8

如上,归档路径已经改为/u01/app/arch/pri ,证明对 pfile 的修改已生效

 

查看当前数据库是否使用spfile 启动:

SYS@pri>   show parameter spfile;

 

NAME    TYPE    VALUE

-----------    -----------   -----------------------------------------------------------------

spfile     string       /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilepri.ora

 

如上,若能看到spfile 的路径,则证明数据库是使用 spfile 启动的,若没有值,则说明是用 pfile 启动的

 

确认数据库已经启用归档模式和强制日志模式:

SYS@pri>   select name,log_mode,force_logging from v$database;

 

NAME    LOG_MODE     FOR

---------    -------------------     -------

PRI       ARCHIVELOG   YES

 

 

 

 

5 :对主库进行 RMAN 全备

创建备份所需的目录并赋予相应权限:   主库和备库 端都 创建)

[root@ pri  ~]# mkdir /rman_backup

[root@ pri  ~]# chown oracle.oinstall /rman_backup/

[root@ std  ~]# mkdir /rman_backup

[root@ std  ~]# chown oracle.oinstall /rman_backup/

 

 

 

oracle 用户身份登录,进行备份操作:   (只在 主库 上做)

[root@ pri  ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@ pri  ~]$ rman target /

 

RMAN> backup database format '/rman_backup/Full_ %T _ %U.bak';   备份数据库

 

Starting backup at 14-JAN-14

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=41 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/example01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 14-JAN-14

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 14-JAN-14

piece handle=/rman_backup/Full_20140114_01ou2791_1_1.bak tag=TAG20140114T143721 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including current control file in backup set

including current SPFILE in backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 14-JAN-14

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 14-JAN-14

piece handle=/rman_backup/Full_20140114_02ou27ae_1_1.bak tag=TAG20140114T143721 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 14-JAN-14

 

RMAN> list archivelog all;   查看当前的归档日志有哪些

 

List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name PRI

=====================================================================

 

Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time

------- ---- ------- - ---------

1       1    6       A 13-JAN-14

        Name: /u01/app/arch/pri/1_6_836760649.dbf

 

2       1    7       A 14-JAN-14

        Name: /u01/app/arch/pri/1_7_836760649.dbf

 

 

RMAN> backup archivelog all format'/rman_backup/ARC_ %T _ %U.bak';   备份归档日志

 

Starting backup at 14-JAN-14

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=1 STAMP=836835599

input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=2 STAMP=836835600

input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=3 STAMP=836836802

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 14-JAN-14

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 14-JAN-14

piece handle=/rman_backup/ARC_20140114_03ou27e3_1_1.bak tag=TAG20140114T144002 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 14-JAN-14

 

RMAN> backup current controlfile for standby format'/rman_backup/std_con.ctl';

备份standby 控制文件并命名为 std_con.ctl

 

Starting backup at 14-JAN-14

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including standby control file in backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 14-JAN-14

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 14-JAN-14

piece handle=/rman_backup/std_con.ctl tag=TAG20140114T144036 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 14-JAN-14

 

RMAN> list backup;   查看都有哪些备份

 

List of Backup Sets

===================

 

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

1       Full    1.04G      DISK        00:00:35     14-JAN-14      

        BP Key: 1   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20140114T143721

         Piece Name: /rman_backup/Full_20140114_01ou2791_1_1.bak

   List of Datafiles in backup set 1

  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

  1       Full 1064545    14-JAN-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/system01.dbf

  2       Full 1064545    14-JAN-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/sysaux01.dbf

  3       Full 1064545    14-JAN-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/undotbs01.dbf

  4       Full 1064545    14-JAN-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/users01.dbf

  5       Full 1064545    14-JAN-14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri/example01.dbf

 

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

2       Full    9.36M      DISK        00:00:01     14-JAN-14      

        BP Key: 2   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20140114T143721

         Piece Name: /rman_backup/Full_20140114_02ou27ae_1_1.bak

   SPFILE Included: Modification time: 14-JAN-14

  SPFILE db_unique_name: PRI

   Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1064580      Ckp time: 14-JAN-14

 

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

3       16.06M     DISK        00:00:00     14-JAN-14      

        BP Key: 3   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20140114T144002

        Piece Name: /rman_backup/ARC_20140114_03ou27e3_1_1.bak

 

   List of Archived Logs in backup set 3

  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time

  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------

  1    6       1051084    13-JAN-14 1062515    14-JAN-14

  1    7       1062515    14-JAN-14 1062557    14-JAN-14

  1    8       1062557    14-JAN-14 1064725    14-JAN-14

 

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

4       Full    9.33M      DISK        00:00:02     14-JAN-14      

        BP Key: 4   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20140114T144036

        Piece Name: /rman_backup/std_con.ctl

  Standby Control File Included:   Ckp SCN: 1064792      Ckp time: 14-JAN-14

 

 

RMAN> quit

 

 

 

 

6 :修改监听文件,添加静态监听   主库、 备库都要 做)

主库:

[oracle@ pri  ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

[oracle@ pri  admin]$ vim listener.ora 添加如下内容:

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = pri )

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

      (SID_NAME = pri )

    )

  )

 

库修改后最终效果如下图:

 

 

备库:

[oracle@ pri  ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

[oracle@ pri  admin]$ vim listener.ora 添加如下内容:

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = std )

      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

      (SID_NAME = std )

    )

  )

 

 

备库修改后最终效果如下图:

 

 

使新增加的监听生效: (主库和备库端都要做)

[oracle@ pri  admin]$  lsnrctl stop

[oracle@ pri  admin]$  lsnrctl start  

 

确认新增加的静态监听有效:

主库:

[oracle@pri ~]$ lsnrctl status

..........................................(N 行省略 )

Service "pri"  has 2 instance(s).

  Instance "pri" , status UNKNOWN , has 1 handler(s) for this service...

  Instance "pri", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "priXDB" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "pri", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

 

备库:

[ oracle @ std  ~]$ lsnrctl status

..........................................(N 行省略 )

Service " std "  has 1 instance(s).

  Instance " std " , status UNKNOWN , has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

 

如上,静态监听添加成功

 

 

7 :编辑网络服务名配置文件 tnsnames.ora   (主库和备库端都要做)

[oracle@ pri  admin]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

[oracle@ pri  admin]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin

[oracle@ pri  admin]$ ls

listener.ora  samples  shrept.lst  tnsnames.ora

[oracle@ pri  admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora  

编辑结果如下图:

 

 

 

保证 主库和 备库的tnsnames.ora 文件中的内容完全相同, 可以把修改后的文件 直接传 备库。

[oracle@ pri  admin]$ scp tnsnames.ora 192.168.1.102 :$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

tnsnames.ora                                  100%  925     0.9KB/s   00:00   

 

配置完后,确保在任意一 上都能tnsping 对方

[oracle@pri admin]$ tnsping std

[oracle@std admin]$ tnsping pri

 

 

8 :在备库上恢复主库之前的准备工作   (主库和备库端分别有各自的操作,仔细看)

首先把 主库的 pfile 参数文件拷贝到 /rman_backup/ 目录中去,并重命名:

[oracle@ pri  dbs]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@ pri  dbs]$ cp init pri .ora  /rman_backup/ init std .ora   

[oracle@ pri  dbs]$ cd /rman_backup/

[oracle@pri rman_backup]$ ll -h

total 1.1G

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  17M Jan 14 14:40 ARC_20140114_03ou27e3_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.1G Jan 14 14:37 Full_20140114_01ou2791_1_1.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9.4M Jan 14 14:38 Full_20140114_02ou27ae_1_1.bak

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1.5K Jan 14 15:22 initstd.ora

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9.4M Jan 14 14:40 std_con.ctl

 

然后把 主库上的 这些备份的文件拷贝到备库上的对应目录中去:

[oracle@pri rman_backup]$ scp * 192.168.1.102:/rman_backup/

[email protected]'s password:

ARC_20140114_03ou27e3_1_1.bak                 100%   16MB  16.1MB/s   00:00    

Full_20140114_01ou2791_1_1.bak                    100% 1070MB  41.1MB/s   00:26    

Full_20140114_02ou27ae_1_1.bak                    100% 9600KB   9.4MB/s   00:00    

initstd.ora                                         100% 1497     1.5KB/s      00:00    

std_con.ctl                                        100% 9568KB   9.3MB/s   00:00      

 

备库端 pfile 参数文件拷贝到 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs 目录下:

[oracle@std admin]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@std dbs]$ ls

init.ora  orapwstd

[oracle@std dbs]$ cp /rman_backup/initstd.ora .

[oracle@std dbs]$ ls

init.ora  initstd.ora  orapwstd

 

9 :备库修改 pfile 参数文件   (只在备库端做)

[oracle@std dbs]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs

[oracle@std dbs]$ vim initstd.ora  

 

std.__db_cache_size=125829120

std.__java_pool_size=4194304

std.__large_pool_size=4194304

std.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

std.__pga_aggregate_target=146800640

std.__sga_target=272629760

std.__shared_io_pool_size=0

std.__shared_pool_size=125829120

std.__streams_pool_size=4194304

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ std /adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'

*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ std / std_con .ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_name='pri'   DG 主库和备库的 db_name 必须一致, db_unique_name 不一致

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4227858432

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE= std XDB )'

*.memory_target=419430400

*.open_cursors=300

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

 

下面几行是需要手动添加的:

*.db_unique_name=' std '

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=( pri , std )'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location= /u01/app /arch/ std  valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name= std '

*.log_archive_dest_2='service= pri  valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name= pri '

*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable

*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable

*.log_archive_max_processes=4

 

*.fal_server=' pri '

*.fal_client=' std '

*.db_file_name_convert= ' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri ' , ' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std '

*.log_file_name_convert= ' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/pri ' , ' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std '

*.standby_file_management='auto'

 

修改完毕,保存退出

 

注意:整个搭建过程最需要留意的就是主库和备库的PFILE 配置,建议修改完后仔细对照主备库 PFILE 的区别

 

 

10 :在备库端手工创建所需的目录 (备库端做,不提前创建的话恢复时会报错!)

/u01/app/oracle/admin/ std /adump

/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ std / std/ trace

/u01/app /arch/ std

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/std

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/standbylog

创建 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area

 

创建 /u01/app/oracle/admin/ std /adump

[oracle@std dbs]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/

[oracle@std oracle]$ ls

cfgtoollogs  checkpoints  diag  product (由于没建库,此时没有admin 目录)

[oracle@std oracle]$ mkdir -pv admin/std/adump

mkdir: created directory `admin'

mkdir: created directory `admin/std'

mkdir: created directory `admin/std/adump'

 

创建 /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ std / std/ trace

[oracle@std oracle]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/

[oracle@std rdbms]$ ls     (由于没建库,该目录下为空)

[oracle@std rdbms]$ mkdir -pv std/std/trace

mkdir: created directory `std'

mkdir: created directory `std/std'

mkdir: created directory `std/std/trace'

 

创建 /u01/app /arch/ std

[oracle@std rdbms]$ cd /u01/app/

[oracle@std app]$ ls

oracle  oraInventory

[oracle@std app]$ mkdir -pv arch/std

mkdir: created directory `arch'

mkdir: created directory `arch/std'

 

创建 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std

[oracle@std app]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/

[oracle@std oracle]$ ls

admin  cfgtoollogs  checkpoints  diag  product

[oracle@std oracle]$ mkdir -pv oradata/std

mkdir: created directory `oradata'

mkdir: created directory `oradata/std'

 

创建 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/standbylog

[oracle@std oracle]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/

[oracle@std oradata]$ ls

std

[oracle@std oradata]$ mkdir -pv standbylog

mkdir: created directory `standbylog'

 

创建 /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area

[oracle@std dbs]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/

[oracle@std oracle]$ ls

admin  cfgtoollogs  checkpoints  diag  oradata  product

[oracle@std oracle]$ mkdir -pv fast_recovery_area

mkdir: created directory `fast_recovery_area'

 

11 :用修改后的 pfile 创建一个 spfile ,用于启动数据库   (备库端做)

[oracle@std ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

 

Connected to an idle instance.

 

SYS@std> create spfile from pfile;

 

File created.

 

将数据库启动到nomount 状态:

SYS@pri>   startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes

Fixed Size                  2233000 bytes

Variable Size             482348376 bytes

Database Buffers          352321536 bytes

Redo Buffers                2379776 bytes

SYS@pri>  

 

12 :利用 RMAN 在备库上恢复主库   (备库端做)

[oracle@ std  ~]$ rman target sys/oracle@ pri  auxiliary /

 

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3 .0 - Production on Tue Jan 14 16:39:26 2014

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

connected to target database: PRI (DBID=767417863)

connected to auxiliary database: PRI (not mounted)

 

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;

这条命令可以直接恢复数据文件,standby 控制文件, standby 日志组,非常霸道

Starting Duplicate Db at 14-JAN-14

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   restore clone standby controlfile;

}

executing Memory Script

 

Starting restore at 14-JAN-14

using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

 

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /rman_backup/std_con.ctl

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/rman_backup/std_con.ctl tag=TAG20140114T144036

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/std_con.ctl

Finished restore at 14-JAN-14

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';

}

executing Memory Script

 

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   set newname for tempfile  1 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/temp01.dbf";

   switch clone tempfile all;

   set newname for datafile  1 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/system01.dbf";

   set newname for datafile  2 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/sysaux01.dbf";

   set newname for datafile  3 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/undotbs01.dbf";

   set newname for datafile  4 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/users01.dbf";

   set newname for datafile  5 to

 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/example01.dbf";

   restore

   clone database

   ;

}

executing Memory Script

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/temp01.dbf in control file

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

 

Starting restore at 14-JAN-14

using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

 

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/system01.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/sysaux01.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/users01.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/example01.dbf

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /rman_backup/Full_20140114_01ou2791_1_1.bak

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=/rman_backup/Full_20140114_01ou2791_1_1.bak tag=TAG20140114T143721

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:36

Finished restore at 14-JAN-14

 

contents of Memory Script:

{

   switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

 

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=836844042 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/system01.dbf

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=836844042 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=836844042 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=836844042 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/users01.dbf

datafile 5 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=836844042 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/example01.dbf

Finished Duplicate Db at 14-JAN-14

 

 

RMAN>

恢复数据库结束

 

13 :尝试开启备库

 

登陆并 查看数据库当前状态:

 

[oracle@std ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

 

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Jan 14 16:41:50 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

 

SYS@std> select status from v$instance;

 

STATUS

------------

MOUNTED   RMAN 恢复完直接就是 mount 状态)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 4 :备库启动日志应用

SYS@ std >   alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

停止日志应用的命令是:alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

 

查看日志应用情况:

SYS@ std >  set pagesize 100

SYS@ std >   select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log order by 1;

 

   SEQUENCE# APPLIED

---------- ---------

         8 YES

         9 YES

        10 YES

 

如上, 如果 发现有个NO 的, 是正常的,说明该日志在主库上还没有归档,可以在主库上运行 alter system  switch logfile ; 命令来进行日志切换,再到备库查看日志应用情况

 

 

15 :分别查看主库和备库的归档序列号是否一致:

先在主库手动切换一下日志:

SYS@pri> alter system switch logfile;

 

System altered.

然后查看主库:

SYS@pri> archive log list;

Database log mode              Archive Mode

Automatic archival             Enabled

Archive destination            /u01/app/arch/ pri

Oldest online log sequence     10

Next log sequence to archive   12

Current log sequence           12

 

备库:

SYS@std> archive log list;

Database log mode              Archive Mode

Automatic archival             Enabled

Archive destination            /u01/app/arch/ std

Oldest online log sequence     10

Next log sequence to archive   0

Current log sequence           12

 

结果完全一致, 至此,DataGuard 的搭建成功!

五:相关知识补充:

1 DataGuard 的三种数据保护模式:

1 MAXIMIZE PROTECTION (最大保护模式):

最大数据保护与无数据分歧,LGWR 将同时传送到备用节点, 在主节点事务确认之前,备用节点也必须完全收到日志数据 。如果网络不好,引起LGWR 不能传送数据,将引起严重的性能问题,导致主节点 DOWN 机。

 

2 MAXIMIZE AVAILABILITY (最大可用模式)

无数据丢失模式,允许数据分歧,允许异步传送。 正常情况下运行在最大保护模式,在主节点与备用节点的网络断开或连接不正常时,自动切换到最大性能模式,主节点的操作还是可以继续的。在网络不好的情况下有较大的性能影响。

 

3 MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE (最大性能模式)

这种模式应当可以说是从8i 继承过来的备用服务器模式, 异步传送,无数据同步检查,可能丢失数据 ,但是能获得主节点的最大性能。

 

2 DataGuard   保护模式 切换   (重点,注意升级切换和降级切换的区别)

1 查看 当前的 保护模式:

select database_role, protection_mode, protection_level from v$database;

 

2 三种保护模式的级别排名:

最大性能 --> 最大可用 --> 最大保护 从左至右,保护模式级别提升

 

3 升级切换步骤:

1. 备库停止 redo 应用:

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

 

2. 主库重启 mount 状态 升级切换,需要重启主库

 

shutdown immediate;

startup mount

 

3. 主库升级切换保护模式 OPEN 数据库   (升级切换是重点,仔细看)

重点:当要进行升级切换时,一定要先查看一下主库和备库的 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_ 2   参数, 若配置不正确,那么在OPEN 数据库时会报错 ORA-16072 !(尤其是要修改成最大保护模式时)下 表中描述了不同保护模式下LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_ 2   参数应该设置的属性:

 

最大保护

最高可用

最高性能

REDO 写进程

LGWR  

LGWR  

LGWR ARCH

网络传输模式

SYNC  

SYNC  

LGWR 进程时 SYNC ASYNC  , ARCH 进程时 SYNC

磁盘写操作

AFFIRM

AFFIRM

AFFIRM NOAFFIRM

是否需要 standby redologs  

YES  

YES  

可没有但推荐有

 

查看: show parameter log_archive_dest_2

NAME              TYPE        VALUE

------------------------   ----------  ----------------------------------------------------------------

log_archive_dest_2     string  service=std valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)            db_unique_name=std

如上,并没有包含升级切换所需的参数,可以用下列两条命令修改:

 

主库修改: SYS@ pri > alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service= std   lgwr sync affirm valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name= std ';

 

备库修改: SYS@ std > alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service= pri   lgwr sync affirm valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name= pri ';

 

然后修改保护模式:

alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

(或者alter database set standby database to maximize protection;

开启数据库:

alter database open;

 

4. 备库启动 redo 应用:

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

 

 

 

4 降级切换步骤:   (相对于升级切换,降级切换的步骤就简单的多了)

1. 备库停止 redo 应用:

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

 

2. 主库调整保护模式:

alter database set standby database to maximize performance;

 

3. 备库启动 redo 应用:

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

 

 

3 举例: 将主库和备库的保护模式设置为最大 保护 模式(默认是最大性能模式)

 

1 . 查看当前的保护模式   (在主库或者备库端查看都可以)

SYS@ pri > select database_role, protection_mode, protection_level from v$database;

 

DATABASE_ROLE        PROTECTION_MODE          PROTECTION_LEVEL

----------------------------    --------------------------------------   --------------------------------------

PHYSICAL STANDBY    MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE   MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

 

2 . 备库停止 redo 应用:

S YS@std> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Database altered.

 

2. 主库重启 mount 状态 由于是 升级切换, 所以 需要重启主库

SYS@pri> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

 

SYS@pri> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area  417546240 bytes

Fixed Size                  2227072 bytes

Variable Size             331351168 bytes

Database Buffers           79691776 bytes

Redo Buffers                4276224 bytes

Database mounted.

 

3. 查看主库和备库的parameter log_archive_dest_2 参数设置是否正确

主库查看:

SYS@ pri > show parameter log_archive_dest_2

NAME              TYPE        VALUE

------------------------   ----------  ----------------------------------------------------------------

log_archive_dest_2     string  service= std  valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)            db_unique_name= std

备库查看:

SYS@ std > show parameter log_archive_dest_2

NAME              TYPE        VALUE

------------------------   ----------  ----------------------------------------------------------------

log_archive_dest_2     string  service= pri  valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)            db_unique_name= pri

 

如上,并没有包含升级切换所需的参数,可以用下列两条命令修改:

 

主库修改:

SYS@ pri > alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service= std   lgwr sync affirm valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name= std ';

备库修改:

SYS@ std > alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service= pri   lgwr sync affirm valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name= pri ';

 

当然,也可以在一开始搭建的时候,PFILE 里就这么写,具体情况看实际要求

主库再次查看:

SYS@ pri > show parameter log_archive_dest_2

NAME              TYPE        VALUE

------------------------   ----------  ----------------------------------------------------------------

log_archive_dest_2     string  service= std   lgwr sync affirm  valid_for=(online_logfiles,prim

                           ary_role) db_unique_name= std

 

备库再次查看:

SYS@ std > show parameter log_archive_dest_2

NAME              TYPE        VALUE

------------------------   ----------  ----------------------------------------------------------------

log_archive_dest_2     string  service= pri   lgwr sync affirm  valid_for=(online_logfiles,prim

                           ary_role) db_unique_name= pri

 

4 . 主库升级切换 到最大 保护模式 OPEN 数据库

SYS@pri> alter database set standby database to maximize protection;

Database altered.

 

SYS@pri> alter database open;

Database altered.

 

 

5 . 备库启动 redo 应用:

SYS@std> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

 

查看主库的相关信息:

SYS@pri>   select name,database_role,open_mode,protection_mode from v$database;

 

NAME    DATABASE_ROLE    OPEN_MODE     PROTECTION_MODE

---------     ------------------------    --------------------     ------------------------------

PRI      PRIMARY              READ WRITE      MAXIMUM PROTECTION

 

查看备库的相关信息:

SYS@ std >   select name,database_role,open_mode,protection_mode from v$database;

 

NAME    DATABASE_ROLE    OPEN_MODE     PROTECTION_MODE

---------    ------------------------    --------------------     ------------------------------

PRI      PHYSICAL STANDBY      MOUNTED      MAXIMUM PROTECTION

 

可以看到,主库修改完保护模式,备库是自动跟着修改的,至于降级操作,参考上面的步骤即可,太简单就不做演示了。

 

 

5 Oracle Data Guard 的开启关闭:

 

1 Data Guard 主备库开关 顺序

 

启动:

1 MOUNT 备库

2 OPEN 主库

3 :备库开启日志应用 alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

1 :备库关闭日志应用 alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

2 :关闭主库

3 :关闭备库

 

2 在最大保护模式下,直接关闭备库是不行的,如果 直接关闭 ,会有如下提示:

SQL> shutdown immediate

ORA-01154: database busy. Open, close, mount, and dismount not allowed now

SQL>

在最大保护模式下,备库是不允许关闭的,此时首先关闭主库,然后备库就可以顺利关闭了。

 

6 Oracle Data Guard 主备切换

 

1  Switchover

 

一般SWITCHOVER 切换都是计划中的切换,特点是在切换后,不会丢失任何的数据,而且这个过程是可逆的,整个 DATA GUARD 环境不会被破坏,原来 DATA GUARD 环境中的所有物理和逻辑 STANDBY 都可以继续工作。

 

在进行DATA GUARD 的物理 STANDBY 切换前需要注意:

1 )确认主库和从库间网络连接通畅;

2 )确认没有活动的会话连接在数据库中;

3 PRIMARY 数据库处于打开的状态, STANDBY 数据库处于 MOUNT 状态;

4 )确保 STANDBY 数据库处于 ARCHIVELOG 模式;

5 )如果设置了 REDO 应用的延迟,那么将这个设置去掉;

6 )确保配置了主库和从库的初始化参数,使得切换完成后, DATA GUARD 机制可以顺利的运行。

 

主库:

1. 查看 switchover 状态  

SYS@pri> select name,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;

NAME  DATABASE_ROLE  SWITCHOVER_STATUS

---------   ------------------------   ---------------------------------

PRI      PRIMARY           TO STANDBY

 

附:A switchover_status 出现 session active/not allowed

      当出现session active 的时候表示还有活动的 session, 则运行

    Alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;

当出现not allowed 时, 说明切换标记还没收到,此时不能执行转换。  

当主库备库状态都正常,并且没有进行主备切换的操作时,备库的 switchover_status 就是 not allowed 。当主库执行了切换成备库的操作后,备库的 switchover_status 才是 to primary  

 

     B ora- 01153: an incompatible media recovery is active

     运行下面代码

    Alter database recover managed standby database finish;

     或者Alter database recover managed standby database finish force;

    Alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

 

2 切换成备库  

SYS@pri>   a lter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;

或者

SYS@pri> a lter database commit to switchover to physical standby ;  

Database altered.

 

3 启动到 mount 和应用日志状态

SYS@pri> shutdown immediate;  

若此时提示ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced ,则 quit 退出,重新 sqlplus 登陆数据库即可。

SYS@pri> startup nomount;

SYS@pri> alter database mount standby database;

SYS@pri> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;  

 

4. 查看数据库模式

SYS@pri> select name,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;

NAME  DATABASE_ROLE        SWITCHOVER_STATUS

---------   -----------------------------    ---------------------------------

PRI      PHYSICAL STANDBY      TO PRIMARY

 

如上,此时主库已经切换为物理备库

 

备库:  

1. 查看 switchover 状态

SYS@std> select name,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;

NAME  DATABASE_ROLE        SWITCHOVER_STATUS

---------   -----------------------------    ---------------------------------

PRI      PHYSICAL STANDBY      TO PRIMARY

 

补充:若出现:ORA-16139: media recovery required

是因为没有执行:alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

 

2. 切换成主库

SYS@std> alter database commit to switchover to primary;

Database altered.

SYS@std> shutdown immediate;

SYS@std> startup;

SYS@std> alter system switch logfile;

 

3. 查看数据库模式

SYS@std> select name,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;

NAME  DATABASE_ROLE  SWITCHOVER_STATUS

---------   ------------------------   ---------------------------------

PRI      PRIMARY           TO STANDBY

 

如上,物理备库已成功切换为主库

 

验证同步:

SYS@ pri > select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

MAX(SEQUENCE#)

---------------------------

             40

 

SYS@ std > select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

MAX(SEQUENCE#)

---------------------------

             40

 

 

  2 Failover

 

FAILOVER 切换一般是 PRIMARY 数据库发生故障后 的切换,这种情况是 STANDBY 数据库发挥其作用 的情况。这种切换发生后, 可能会造成数据的丢失 。而且这个过程不是可逆的, DATA GUARD 环境会被破坏

 

由于PRIMARY 数据库已经无法启动,所以 FAILOVER 切换所需的条件并不多,只要 检查STANDBY 是否运行在最大保护模式下,如果是的话,需要将其置为最大性能模式,否则切换到 PRIMARY 角色也无法启动。  

 

1.  查看 当前保护模式,确保当前保护模式为最大性能模式

SYS@std> select name,database_role,open_mode,protection_mode from v$database;

 

NAME    DATABASE_ROLE    OPEN_MODE     PROTECTION_MODE

---------    ------------------------    --------------------     ------------------------------

PRI      PHYSICAL STANDBY      MOUNTED      MAXIMUM PROTECTION

如上,当前是最大保护模式,修改为最大性能模式:

SYS@std> alter database set standby database to maximize performance;

 

Database altered.

 

再次查看,OK

SYS@std> select name,database_role,open_mode,protection_mode from v$database;

 

NAME    DATABASE_ROLE    OPEN_MODE     PROTECTION_MODE

---------    ------------------------    --------------------     ------------------------------

PRI      PHYSICAL STANDBY      MOUNTED      MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

 

2 .  查看是否有日志 GAP, 没有应用的日志:  

SYS@std> select unique thread#,max(sequence#) over (partition by thread#) last from v$archived_log;

 

   THREAD#    LAST

    --------------    ----------

         1         75

SYS@std> select thread#,low_sequence#,high_sequence# from v$archive_gap;

 

no rows selected

如上,no rows selected ,表示没有 GAP  

 

如果有,则拷贝过来并且注册

SYS@ std > alter   database   register physical logfile ' 路径 ';  

重复查看直到没有 应用的日志  

 

3 . 然后停止应用归档:  

SYS@std> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Database altered.

 

4 . 下面将 STANDBY 数据库切换为 PRIMARY 数据库: ­

取消日志应用:

SYS@std> alter database recover managed standby database finish;

这个finish Failover 专用的,功能类似 cancel 区别是 finish 破坏了主从结构 用了finish 就得重建 dg 所以模拟这个实验的时候,最好提前给虚拟机做个快照!

SYS@std> alter database recover managed standby database finish force;

 

切换为主库:  

SYS@std> alter database commit to switchover to primary;

Database altered.

 

OPEN 主库:

SYS@std> alter database open;

Database altered.

或者 shutdown immediate+startup

 

5 检查数据库是否已经切换成功:  

 

NAME    DATABASE_ROLE    OPEN_MODE     PROTECTION_MODE

---------    ------------------------    --------------------     ------------------------------

PRI      PRIMARY             MOUNTED      MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

 

 

至此,FAILOVER 切换完成。这个时候应该马上对新的 PRIMARY 数据库进行备份。




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