循环依赖就是N个类中循环嵌套引用。如果在日常开发中用new创建对象的时候,发生这种循环依赖的话,程序会一直循环调用,直至内存溢出。
Spring解决循环依赖有三种方式。
Spring容器会将每一个正在创建的Bean 标识符放在一个“当前创建Bean池”中,Bean标识符在创建过程中将一直保持在这个池中。
因此如果在创建Bean过程中发现自己已经在“当前创建Bean池”里时将抛出BeanCurrentlyInCreationException异常表示循环依赖;而对于创建完毕的Bean将从“当前创建Bean池”中清除掉。
首先初始化三个Bean:
@Component
public class StudentA {
private StudentB studentB ;
public void setStudentB(StudentB studentB) {
this.studentB = studentB;
}
public StudentA() {
}
public StudentA(StudentB studentB) {
this.studentB = studentB;
}
}
@Component
public class StudentB {
private StudentC studentC ;
public void setStudentC(StudentC studentC) {
this.studentC = studentC;
}
public StudentB() {
}
public StudentB(StudentC studentC) {
this.studentC = studentC;
}
}
@Component
public class StudentC {
private StudentA studentA ;
public void setStudentA(StudentA studentA) {
this.studentA = studentA;
}
public StudentC() {
}
public StudentC(StudentA studentA) {
this.studentA = studentA;
}
}
StudentA有参构造是StudentB。StudentB的有参构造是StudentC,StudentC的有参构造是StudentA ,这样就产生了一个循环依赖的情况。
把这三个Bean交给 Spring 管理,并用有参构造实例化。
<bean id="a" class="com.linyf.demo.spring.cycleDependence.StudentA">
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="b"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="b" class="com.linyf.demo.spring.cycleDependence.StudentB">
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="c"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="c" class="com.linyf.demo.spring.cycleDependence.StudentC">
<constructor-arg index="0" ref="a"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
测试类:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/linyf/demo/spring/applicationContext.xml");
//System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
执行结果报错信息为:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
Spring中Bean实例化前两步骤:Spring是先将Bean对象实例化之后再设置对象属性的。
修改配置文件为set方式注入
<!--scope="singleton"(默认就是单例方式) -->
<bean id="a" class="com.linyf.demo.spring.cycleDependence.StudentA" scope="singleton">
<property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="b" class="com.linyf.demo.spring.cycleDependence.StudentB" scope="singleton">
<property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="c" class="com.linyf.demo.spring.cycleDependence.StudentC" scope="singleton">
<property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>
</bean>
测试类:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/linyf/demo/spring/applicationContext.xml");
System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
打印结果为:
com.linyf.demo.spring.cycleDependence.StudentA@1fbfd6
用set方式就不报错:
Spring先是用构造实例化Bean对象 ,此时 Spring 会将这个实例化结束的对象放到一个Map中,并且 Spring 提供了获取这个未设置属性的实例化对象引用的方法。
当Spring实例化了StudentA、StudentB、StudentC后,紧接着会去设置对象的属性,此时StudentA依赖StudentB,就会去Map中取出存在里面的单例StudentB对象,以此类推,不会出来循环的问题
推荐阅读:Spring/Spring Boot系列之Spring如何解决循环依赖【二】
DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java源码:
修改配置文件为:
<bean id="a" class="com.zfx.student.StudentA" scope="prototype">
<property name="studentB" ref="b"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="b" class="com.zfx.student.StudentB" scope="prototype">
<property name="studentC" ref="c"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="c" class="com.zfx.student.StudentC" scope="prototype">
<property name="studentA" ref="a"></property>
</bean>
scope=“prototype” 意思是 每次请求都会创建一个实例对象。
两者的区别是:有状态的bean都使用Prototype作用域,无状态的一般都使用singleton单例作用域。
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/zfx/student/applicationContext.xml");
//此时必须要获取Spring管理的实例,因为现在scope="prototype" 只有请求获取的时候才会实例化对象
System.out.println(context.getBean("a", StudentA.class));
}
}
打印结果:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException:
Error creating bean with name 'a': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
为什么原型模式就报错?
对于“prototype”作用域Bean,Spring容器无法完成依赖注入,因为“prototype”作用域的Bean,Spring容器不进行缓存,因此无法提前暴露一个创建中的Bean。