用Python发送邮件,可以群发、带有多个附件的发送

最近学习了一下用python发送邮件,现在总结一下,瞬间觉的Python diao bao la。。。

python 发邮件是依赖 STMP模块

SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)即简单邮件传输协议,它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则,由它来控制信件的中转方式。python的smtplib提供了一种很方便的途径发送电子邮件。它对smtp协议进行了简单的封装。


发送附件邮件:

基本思路就是,使用MIMEMultipart来标示这个邮件是多个部分组成的,然后attach各个部分。如果是附件,则add_header加入附件的声明。
在python中,MIME的这些对象的继承关系如下。
MIMEBase
    |-- MIMENonMultipart
        |-- MIMEApplication
        |-- MIMEAudio
        |-- MIMEImage
        |-- MIMEMessage
        |-- MIMEText
    |-- MIMEMultipart
一般来说,不会用到MIMEBase,而是直接使用它的继承类。MIMEMultipart有attach方法,而MIMENonMultipart没有,只能被attach。
MIME有很多种类型,这个略麻烦,如果附件是图片格式,我要用MIMEImage,如果是音频,要用MIMEAudio,如果是word、excel,我都不知道该用哪种MIME类型了,得上google去查。
最懒的方法就是,不管什么类型的附件,都用MIMEApplication,MIMEApplication默认子类型是application/octet-stream。


不多说,下面直接上代码:

'''
函数说明:Send_email_text() 函数实现发送带有附件的邮件,可以群发,附件格式包括:xlsx,pdf,txt,jpg,mp3等
参数说明:
    1. subject:邮件主题
    2. content:邮件正文
    3. filepath:附件的地址, 输入格式为["","",...]
    4. receive_email:收件人地址, 输入格式为["","",...]
'''
def Send_email_text(subject,content,filepath,receive_email):
    import smtplib
    from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart 
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText 
    from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
    sender = "发送方邮箱"
    passwd = "填入发送方密码"
    receivers = receive_email   #收件人邮箱
    
    msgRoot = MIMEMultipart() 
    msgRoot['Subject'] = subject
    msgRoot['From'] = sender
    
    if len(receivers)>1:
        msgRoot['To'] = ','.join(receivers) #群发邮件
    else:
        msgRoot['To'] = receivers[0]
    
    part = MIMEText(content) 
    msgRoot.attach(part)
    
    ##添加附件部分
    for path in filepath:
        if ".jpg" in path:
            #jpg类型附件
            jpg_name = path.split("\\")[-1]
            part = MIMEApplication(open(path,'rb').read()) 
            part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=jpg_name)
            msgRoot.attach(part)
        
        if ".pdf" in path:
            #pdf类型附件
            pdf_name = path.split("\\")[-1]
            part = MIMEApplication(open(path,'rb').read()) 
            part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=pdf_name) 
            msgRoot.attach(part)
        
        if ".xlsx" in path:
            #xlsx类型附件
            xlsx_name = path.split("\\")[-1]
            part = MIMEApplication(open(path,'rb').read()) 
            part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=xlsx_name)
            msgRoot.attach(part)
            
        if ".txt" in path:
            #txt类型附件
            txt_name = path.split("\\")[-1]
            part = MIMEApplication(open(path,'rb').read())
            part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=txt_name)
            msgRoot.attach(part)
        
        if ".mp3" in path:
            #mp3类型附件
            mp3_name = path.split("\\")[-1]
            part = MIMEApplication(open(path,'rb').read()) 
            part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=mp3_name) 
            msgRoot.attach(part)
            
    try:
        s = smtplib.SMTP()
        s.connect("smtp.mail.aliyun.com") #这里我使用的是阿里云邮箱,也可以使用163邮箱:smtp.163.com
        s.login(sender, passwd)
        s.sendmail(sender, receivers, msgRoot.as_string())
        print ("邮件发送成功")
    except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
        print("Error, 发送失败")
    finally:
        s.quit()

#test code

subject = "一波文件测试"
content = "Python 邮件测试"
jpg_path = "a\\b\\1.jpg"
pdf_path = "c.pdf"
txt_path = "d\\e\\f.txt"
file_path = [jpg_path,pdf_path,txt_path]  #发送三个文件到两个邮箱
receive_email = ["[email protected]","[email protected]"]
Send_email_text(subject,content,file_path,receive_email)



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