文章根据B站狂神说Java视频教程,视频链接:https://space.bilibili.com/95256449。
HTML + CSS + JavaScript
结构 + 表现 + 动作
如何学习
Cascading Style Sheet 层叠级联样式表
CSS:表现(美化网页)
字体、颜色、边距、高度、宽度、背景图片、页面定位、网页浮动…
CSS1.0:
CSS2.0:DIV(块)+ CSS,HTML与CSS结构分离的思想,网页变得简单,SEO
CSS2.1:浮动定位
CSS3.0:圆角,阴影,动画…(浏览器兼容~)
基本入门
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
/*h1{
color: red;
}*/
style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css">
head>
<body>
<h1>我是标题h1>
body>
html>
CSS的优势:
1、内容和表现分离
2、网页结构表现统一,可以实现复用
3、样式十分的丰富
4、建议使用独立于html的css文件
5、利用SEO,容易被搜索引擎收录!
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
h1{
color: green;
}
style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css">
head>
<body>
<h1 style="color: red;">我是标题h1>
body>
html>
/*外部样式*/
h1{
color: yellow;
}
拓展:外部样式两种写法
链接式(一般推荐用法):
html
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css">
导入式:
@import是CSS2.1特有的
<style>
@import url("css/style.css");
style>
作用:选择页面上的某一个或某一类元素
1、标签选择器:选择一类标签 标签{}
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
/*标签选择*/
h1{
color: #a13d30;
background: #3cbda6;/*背景色*/
border-radius: 24px;/*圆角*/
}
p{
font-size: 80px;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<h1>学Javah1>
<h1>学Javah1>
<p>听狂神说p>
body>
html>
2、类选择器 class:选择所有class属性一致的标签,跨标签 .类名{}
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
/*类选择器的格式 .class的名称{}
好处:可以多个标签归类,是同一个 class,可以复用
*/
.liusx{
color: blue;
}
.kuangshen{
color: #a13d30;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<h1 class="liusx">标题1h1>
<h1 class="kuangshen">标题1h1>
<h1 class="liusx">标题1h1>
<p class="kuangshen">p标签p>
body>
html>
3、Id 选择器:全局唯一 #id名称{}
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
/* id选择器:id必须保证全局唯一
#id名称{}
不遵循就近原则,固定的
id选择器 > class选择器 > 标签选择器
*/
#liusx{
color: red;
}
.style1{
color: #3cbda6;
}
h1{
color: blue;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<h1 id="liusx" class="style1">标题1h1>
<h1 class="style1">标题2h1>
<h1 class="style1">标题3h1>
<h1>标题4h1>
<h1>标题5h1>
body>
html>
优先级:id选择器 > class选择器 > 标签选择器
1、后代选择器:在某个元素的后面 祖爷爷 爷爷 爸爸 你
/*后代选择器*/
body p{
background: red;
}
2、子选择器:一代,儿子
/*子选择器*/
body>p{
background: #3cbda6;
}
3、相邻兄弟选择器:同辈中下一i个
/*相邻兄弟选择器,只有一个,相邻(向下)*/
.active + p{
background: #a13d30;
}
4、通用选择器:同辈中下面所有的
/*通用兄弟选择器,当前选中元素的向下所有兄弟元素*/
.active~p{
background: blueviolet;
}
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
/*p{
background: green;
}*/
/*后代选择器*/
/*body p{
background: red;
}*/
/*子选择器*/
/*body>p{
background: #3cbda6;
}*/
/*相邻兄弟选择器,只有一个,相邻(向下)*/
/*.active + p{
background: #a13d30;
}*/
/*通用兄弟选择器,当前选中元素的向下所有兄弟元素*/
.active~p{
background: blueviolet;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<p>p0p>
<p class="active">p1p>
<p>p2p>
<p>p3p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>p4p>
li>
<li>
<p>p5p>
li>
<li>
<p>p6p>
li>
ul>
<p>p7p>
<p>p8p>
body>
html>
伪类:条件
/*ul的第一个子元素*/
ul li:first-child{
background: #a13d30;
}
/*ul的最后一个子元素*/
ul li:last-child{
background: red;
}
/*选中p1:定位到父元素,选择当前的第一个元素
选择当前p元素的父级元素,选中父级元素的第一个子元素为p的
按顺序
*/
p:nth-child(2){
background: blue;
}
/*选中父元素,下的p元素的第二个,按类型*/
p:nth-of-type(1){
background: yellow;
}
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
/*ul的第一个子元素*/
ul li:first-child{
background: #a13d30;
}
/*ul的最后一个子元素*/
ul li:last-child{
background: red;
}
/*选中p1:定位到父元素,选择当前的第一个元素
选择当前p元素的父级元素,选中父级元素的第一个子元素为p的
按顺序
*/
p:nth-child(2){
background: blue;
}
/*选中父元素下的p元素的第二个,按类型*/
p:nth-of-type(1){
background: yellow;
}
a:hover{
background: black;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<p>p1p>
<p>p2p>
<p>p3p>
<ul>
<li>li1li>
<li>li2li>
<li>li3li>
ul>
<a href="">链接标签a>
body>
html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
.demo a{
float: left;
display: block;
height: 50px;
width: 50px;
border-radius: 10px;
background: blue;
text-align: center;
color: gainsboro;
text-decoration: none;
margin-right: 5px;
font: bold 20px/50px Arial;
}
/*属性名,属性名 = 属性值(正则)
= 绝对等于
*= 包含这个元素
^= 以这个开头
$= 以这个结尾
*/
/*存在id属性的元素:a[]{}*/
/*a[id]{!*所有带id的a标签*!
background: yellow;
}*/
/*id=first的元素*/
/*a[id=first]{
background: blue;
}*/
/*class中有links的元素*/
/*a[class*=links]{
background: yellow;
}*/
/*选中href中以http开头的元素*/
/*a[href^=http]{
background: yellow;
}*/
/*选中href中以pdf结尾的*/
a[href$=pdf]{
background: yellow;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<p class="demo">
<a href="http://baidu.com" class="links item first" id="first">1a>
<a href="" class="links item active" target="_blank" title="test">2a>
<a href="images/123.html" class="links item">3a>
<a href="images/123.png" class="links item">4a>
<a href="images/123.jpg" class="links item">5a>
<a href="abc" class="links item">6a>
<a href="/a.pdf" class="links item">7a>
<a href="/abc.pdf" class="links item">8a>
<a href="abc.doc" class="links item">9a>
<a href="abcd.doc" class="links item last">10a>
p>
body>
html>
= 绝对等于
*= 包含这个元素
^= 以这个开头
$= 以这个结尾
1、有效的传递网页信息
2、美化网页,页面漂亮,才能吸引用户
3、凸显页面的主题
4、提高用户的体验
span标签:重点要突出的字,使用span套起来
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
#title1{
font-size: 50px;
}
style>
head>
<body>
欢迎学习<span id="title1">Javaspan>
body>
html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
body{
font-family:"Arial Black" ,楷体;
color: #a13d30;
}
h1{
font-size: 50px;
}
.p1{
font-weight: lighter;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<h1>故事介绍h1>
<p class="p1">
物、情节、环境是小说的三要素。情节一般包括开端、发展、高潮、结局四部分,有的包括序幕、尾声。环境包括自然环境和社会环境。
小说按照篇幅及容量可分为长篇、中篇、短篇和微型小说(小小说)。
按照表现的内容可分为神话、仙侠、武侠、科幻、悬疑、古传、当代、浪漫青春、游戏竞技等。
p>
<p>
按照体制可分为章回体小说、日记体小说、书信体小说、自传体小说。按照语言形式可分为文言小说和白话小说。
p>
<p>
Hooray! It's snowing! It's time to make a snowman.James runs out.
He makes a big pile of snow. He puts a big snowball on top.
He adds a scarf and a hat. He adds an orange for the nose.
He adds coal for the eyes and buttons.In the evening,
James opens the door. What does he see? The snowman is moving!
James invites him in. The snowman has never been inside a house.
He says hello to the cat. He plays with paper towels.A moment later,
the snowman takes James's hand and goes out.They go up, up, up into the air! They are flying!
What a wonderful night!The next morning,
James jumps out of bed. He runs to the door.He wants to thank the snowman. But he's gone.
p>
body>
html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
p{
font: oblique bolder 12px "楷体";
}
style>
head>
<body>
<p>
按照体制可分为章回体小说、日记体小说、书信体小说、自传体小说。按照语言形式可分为文言小说和白话小说。
p>
body>
html>
1、颜色:color,rgb,rgba
2、文本对齐方式:text-align: center;
3、首行缩进:text-indext: 2em;
4、**行高:**line-height: 100px; 单行文字上下居中!line-height = height
5、下划线:text-decoration: ;
6、文本图片水平对齐:vertical-align: middle;
text-decoration:underline/*下划线*/
text-decoration:line-through/*中划线*/
text-decoration:overline/*上划线*/
text-decoration:none/*超链接去下划线*/
img,span{vetical-align:middle}/*图片、文字水平对齐*/
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
h1{
color: rgba(0,255,255,0.9);
text-align: center;
}
.p1{
text-indent: 2em;
}
.p3{
background: blueviolet;
height: 300px;
line-height: 50px;
}
/*下划线*/
.l1{
text-decoration: underline;
}
/*中划线*/
.l2{
text-decoration: line-through;
}
/*上划线*/
.l3{
text-decoration: overline;
}
/* a标签去除下划线 */
a1{
text-decoration: none;
}
/* 水平对齐~ 参照物, a,b */
img,span{
vertical-align: middle;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<a href="">a标签去除下划线a>
<p class="l1">123321p>
<p class="l2">123321p>
<p class="l3">123321p>
<h1>故事介绍h1>
<p class="p1">
物、情节、环境是小说的三要素。情节一般包括开端、发展、高潮、结局四部分,有的包括序幕、尾声。环境包括自然环境和社会环境。
小说按照篇幅及容量可分为长篇、中篇、短篇和微型小说(小小说)。
按照表现的内容可分为神话、仙侠、武侠、科幻、悬疑、古传、当代、浪漫青春、游戏竞技等。
p>
<p>
按照体制可分为章回体小说、日记体小说、书信体小说、自传体小说。按照语言形式可分为文言小说和白话小说。
p>
<p class="p3">
Hooray! It's snowing! It's time to make a snowman.James runs out.
He makes a big pile of snow. He puts a big snowball on top.
He adds a scarf and a hat. He adds an orange for the nose.
He adds coal for the eyes and buttons.In the evening,
James opens the door. What does he see? The snowman is moving!
James invites him in. The snowman has never been inside a house.
He says hello to the cat. He plays with paper towels.A moment later,
the snowman takes James's hand and goes out.They go up, up, up into the air! They are flying!
What a wonderful night!The next morning,
James jumps out of bed. He runs to the door.He wants to thank the snowman. But he's gone.
p>
<p>
<img src="images/a.png" alt="">
<span>abcdefghijklmnabcdefghijklmnspan>
p>
body>
html>
/* text-shadow: 阴影颜色,水平偏移,垂直偏移,阴影半径*/
#price{
text-shadow: #008800 20px -10px 2px;
}
/* 第一个参数:表示水平偏移
第二个参数:表示垂直偏移
第三个参数:表示模糊半径
第四个参数:表示颜色
*/
text-shadow:5px 5px 5px 颜色
/* 未访问的链接 */
a:link {color: #FF0000}
/* 已访问的链接,点击之后的状态*/
a:visited {color: #00FF00}
/* 鼠标移动到链接上,鼠标悬浮的状态*/
a:hover {color: #FF00FF}
/* 选定的链接,鼠标按住未释放的状态*/
a:active {color: #0000FF}
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
/* 默认颜色 */
a{
text-decoration: none;
color: #000000;
}
/* 鼠标悬浮的颜色 (只需要记住这个)*/
a:hover{
color: burlywood;
font-size: 30px;
}
/* 鼠标按主未释放的状态 */
a:active{
color: #008800;
}
/* 未访问的链接 */
a:link{
color: maroon;
}
/* 已访问的链接 */
a:visited{
color: darkmagenta;
}
/* text-shadow: 阴影颜色,水平偏移,垂直偏移,阴影半径*/
#price{
text-shadow: #008800 20px -10px 2px;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<a href="#">
<img src="images/a.jpg" alt="">
a>
<p>
<a href="#">码出高校:Java开发手册a>
p>
<p>
<a href="">作者:孤尽老师a>
p>
<p id="price">
¥99
p>
body>
html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>列表样式title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" type="text/css">
head>
<body>
<div id="nav">
<h2 class="title">全部商品分类h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#">图书a> <a href="#">音响a> <a href="#">数字商品a>li>
<li><a href="#">家用电器a> <a href="#">手机a> <a href="#">数码a>li>
<li><a href="#">电脑a> <a href="#">办公a>li>
<li><a href="#">家居a> <a href="#">家装a> <a href="#">厨具a>li>
<li><a href="#">服饰鞋帽a> <a href="#">个护化妆a>li>
<li><a href="#">礼品箱包a> <a href="#">中标a> <a href="#">珠宝a>li>
<li><a href="#">食品饮料a> <a href="#">保健食品a>li>
<li><a href="#">彩票a> <a href="#">旅行a> <a href="#">充值a> <a href="#">票务a>li>
ul>
div>
body>
html>
#nav{
width: 300px;
background: darkgrey;
}
.title{
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: bold;
text-indent: 1em;
line-height: 35px;
background: red;
}
/*ul li
list-style:
none:去掉圆点
circle:空心圆
decimal:数字
spuare:正方形
*/
ul{
background: darkgrey;
}
ul li{
height: 30px;
list-style: none;
text-indent: 1em;
}
a{
text-decoration: none;
font-size: 14px;
color: black;
}
a:hover{
color: orange;
text-decoration: underline;
}
背景颜色:background
背景图片
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
div{
width: 1000px;
height: 700px;
border: 1px solid red;
background-image: url("images/tx.jpg");
/*默认是全部平铺的 repeat*/
}
.div1{
background-repeat: repeat-x;
}
.div2{
background-repeat: repeat-y;
}
.div3{
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div class="div1">div>
<div class="div2">div>
<div class="div3">div>
body>
html>
延续3.6的案例,加上背景图:
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>列表样式title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" type="text/css">
head>
<body>
<div id="nav">
<h2 class="title">全部商品分类h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#">图书a> <a href="#">音响a> <a href="#">数字商品a>li>
<li><a href="#">家用电器a> <a href="#">手机a> <a href="#">数码a>li>
<li><a href="#">电脑a> <a href="#">办公a>li>
<li><a href="#">家居a> <a href="#">家装a> <a href="#">厨具a>li>
<li><a href="#">服饰鞋帽a> <a href="#">个护化妆a>li>
<li><a href="#">礼品箱包a> <a href="#">中标a> <a href="#">珠宝a>li>
<li><a href="#">食品饮料a> <a href="#">保健食品a>li>
<li><a href="#">彩票a> <a href="#">旅行a> <a href="#">充值a> <a href="#">票务a>li>
ul>
div>
body>
html>
#nav{
width: 300px;
background: darkgrey;
}
.title{
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: bold;
text-indent: 1em;
line-height: 35px;
background: red url("../images/c.jpg") 270px 10px no-repeat;
}
/*ul li
list-style:
none:去掉圆点
circle:空心圆
decimal:数字
spuare:正方形
*/
/*ul{
background: darkgrey;
}*/
ul li{
height: 30px;
list-style: none;
text-indent: 1em;
background-image: url("../images/b.jpg");
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: 236px 2px;
}
a{
text-decoration: none;
font-size: 14px;
color: black;
}
a:hover{
color: orange;
text-decoration: underline;
}
https://www.grabient.com/
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
body{
background-color: #FFFFFF;
background-image: linear-gradient(66deg, #FFFFFF 0%, #6284FF 50%, #FF0000 100%);
}
style>
head>
<body>
body>
html>
margin:外边距
padding:内边距
border:边框
1、边框的粗细
2、边框的样式
3、边框的颜色
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
/*body总有一个默认的外边框margin:0,常见的*/
/*body{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
text-decoration: none;
}*/
/*border:粗细,样式,颜色*/
#box{
width: 300px;
border: 1px solid red;
}
h2{
font-size: 16px;
background-color: cornflowerblue ;
line-height: 30px;
margin: 0px;
}
form{
background: #008800;
}
div:nth-of-type(1) input{
border: 3px solid black;
}
div:nth-of-type(2) input{
border: 3px dashed yellow;
}
div:nth-of-type(3) input{
border: 2px dashed green;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<h2>会员登录h2>
<form action="#">
<div>
<span>用户名:span>
<input type="text">
div>
<div>
<span>密码:span>
<input type="password">
div>
<div>
<span>邮箱:span>
<input type="text">
div>
form>
div>
body>
html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
/*border:粗细,样式,颜色*/
#box{
width: 300px;
border: 1px solid red;
margin: 0 auto;
}
/*
顺时针选中
margin: 1px
margin: 1px 2px 3px;
margin: 1px 2px 3px 4px;
*/
h2{
font-size: 16px;
background-color: cornflowerblue ;
line-height: 30px;
margin: 0px;
}
form{
background: #008800;
}
input{
border: 1px solid black;
}
div:nth-of-type(1){
padding: 10px 5px;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<h2>会员登录h2>
<form action="#">
<div>
<span>用户名:span>
<input type="text">
div>
<div>
<span>密码:span>
<input type="password">
div>
<div>
<span>邮箱:span>
<input type="text">
div>
form>
div>
body>
html>
盒子的计算方式:你这个元素到底多大?
margin + border + padding + 内容宽度
4个角
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
div{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border: 10px solid red;
border-radius: 100px;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div>
div>
body>
html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
#div1{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border: 10px solid red;
border-radius: 100px;
}
#div2{
width: 100px;
height: 50px;
border: 10px solid red;
border-radius: 100px 100px 0 0;
}
#div3{
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
border: 10px solid red;
border-radius: 100px 0 0 0;
}
img{
border-radius: 100px;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div id="div1">div>
<div id="div2">div>
<div id="div3">div>
<img src="images/tx.jpg" alt="">
body>
html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
img{
border-radius: 50px;
box-shadow: 10px 10px 100px yellow;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div>
<div style="width: 500px;display: block;text-align: center ">
<div>
<img src="images/tx.jpg" alt="">
div>
div>
div>
body>
html>
源码之家:https://www.mycodes.net/
模板之家:http://www.cssmoban.com/
块级元素:独占一行 h1-h6 p div 列表…
行内元素:不独占一行 span a img strong
注:行内元素可以被包含在 块级元素中,反之,则不可以
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
div{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border: 1px solid red;
display: none;
}
span{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border: 1px solid red;
display: inline-block;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div>div块元素div>
<span>span行内元素span>
body>
html>
这个也是一种实现行内元素排列的方式,当时我们很多情况都是用float
QQ会员练习:
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>QQ会员title>
<style>
*{
padding:0;
margin: 0;
}
a{
text-decoration: none;
}
.nav-header{
height: 90px;
width: 100%;
background: rgba(0,0,0,.6);
}
.head-contain{
width: 1180px;
height: 90px;
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: center;
}
.top-logo,.top-nav,.top-nav li,.top-right{
height: 90px;
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: top;
}
.top-nav{
margin: 0 48px;
}
.top-nav li{
line-height: 90px;
width: 90px;
}
.top-nav li a{
display: block;
text-align: center;
font-size: 16px;
color: #fff;
}
.top-nav li a:hover{
color: blue;
}
.top-right a{
display: inline-block;
font-size: 16px;
text-align: center;
margin-top: 25px;
border-radius: 35px;
}
.top-right a:first-of-type{
width: 93px;
height: 38px;
line-height: 38px;
color: #fad65c;
border: 1px #fad65c solid;
}
.top-right a:first-of-type:hover{
color: #986b0d;
background: #fad65c;
}
.top-right a:last-of-type{
width: 140px;
height: 40px;
font-weight: 700;
line-height: 40px;
background: #fad65c;
color: #986b0d;
}
.top-right a:last-of-type:hover{
background: #fddc6c;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div class="wrap">
<header class="nav-header">
<div class="head-contain">
<a href="" class="top-logo"><img src="img/QQ.png" width="145" height="90" />a>
<nav class="top-nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="">功能特权a> li>
<li><a href="">游戏特权a> li>
<li><a href="">生活特权a> li>
<li><a href="">会员特权a> li>
<li><a href="">成长体系a> li>
<li><a href="">年费专区a> li>
<li><a href="">超级会员a> li>
ul>
nav>
<div class="top-right">
<a href="">登录a>
<a href="">开通超级会员a>
div>
div>
header>
div>
body>
html>
1、左右浮动 float
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" type="text/css">
head>
<body>
<div id="father">
<div class="layer01"><img src="images/1.png" alt="">div>
<div class="layer02"><img src="images/2.png" alt="">div>
<div class="layer03"><img src="images/3.png" alt="">div>
<div class="layer04">
浮动的盒子可以向左浮动,也可以向右浮动,知道它的外边缘碰到包含或另一个浮动盒子为止
div>
div>
body>
html>
div{
margin: 10px;
padding: 5px;
}
#father{
border: 1px #000 solid;
}
.layer01{
border: 1px #F00 dashed;
display: inline-block;
float: left;/*向左浮动*/
clear: both;/*清楚浮动*/
}
.layer02{
border: 1px #00F dashed;
display: inline-block;
float: left;
clear: both;
}
.layer03{
border: 1px #060 dashed;
display: inline-block;
float: left;
clear: both;
}
.layer04{
border: 1px #666 dashed;
font-size: 12px;
line-height: 23px;
float: left;
clear: both;
}
clear
/*
clear:right;右侧不允许有浮动元素
clear:left; 左侧不允许有浮动元素
clear:both; 两侧不允许有浮动元素
clear:none;
*/
.layer04{
border: 1px #666 dashed;
font-size: 12px;
line-height: 23px;
display: inline-block;
float: right;
clear: left;
}
解决方案
1、增加父级元素的高度
#father{
border: 1px #000 solid;
height: 800px;
}
2、增加一个空的div(class=“clear”)标签,清除浮动
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" type="text/css">
head>
<body>
<div id="father">
<div class="layer01"><img src="images/1.png" alt="">div>
<div class="layer02"><img src="images/2.png" alt="">div>
<div class="layer03"><img src="images/3.png" alt="">div>
<div class="layer04">
浮动的盒子可以向左浮动,也可以向右浮动,知道它的外边缘碰到包含或另一个浮动盒子为止
div>
<div class="clear">div>
div>
body>
html>
div{
margin: 10px;
padding: 5px;
}
#father{
border: 1px #000 solid;
height: 800px;
}
.layer01{
border: 1px #F00 dashed;
display: inline-block;
float: left;/*向左浮动*/
}
.layer02{
border: 1px #00F dashed;
display: inline-block;
float: left;
}
.layer03{
border: 1px #060 dashed;
display: inline-block;
float: right;
}
/*
clear:right;右侧不允许有浮动元素
clear:left; 左侧不允许有浮动元素
clear:both; 两侧不允许有浮动元素
clear:none;
*/
.layer04{
border: 1px #666 dashed;
font-size: 12px;
line-height: 23px;
display: inline-block;
float: right;
clear: left;
}
.clear{
clear: both;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
3、overflow
在父级元素中增加一个
overflow: hidden;
overflow: scroll;
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
#content{
width: 200px;
height: 150px;
overflow: scroll;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div id="content">
<img src="images/1.png" alt="">
<p>
某雌性生物醉倒在草地上,路人对其上下其手,并在草地上翻滚,一番折腾后某雌性生物迷迷糊糊醒来步履蹒跚地离开了
p>
div>
body>
html>
4、父类添加一个伪类:after
#father:after{
content: '';
display: block;
clear: both;
}
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
div{
margin: 10px;
padding: 5px;
}
#father{
border: 1px #000 solid;
}
#father:after{
content: '';
display: block;
clear: both;
}
.layer01{
border: 1px #F00 dashed;
display: inline-block;
float: left;/*向左浮动*/
}
.layer02{
border: 1px #00F dashed;
display: inline-block;
float: left;
}
.layer03{
border: 1px #060 dashed;
display: inline-block;
float: right;
}
/*
clear:right;右侧不允许有浮动元素
clear:left; 左侧不允许有浮动元素
clear:both; 两侧不允许有浮动元素
clear:none;
*/
.layer04{
border: 1px #666 dashed;
font-size: 12px;
line-height: 23px;
display: inline-block;
float: right;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div id="father">
<div class="layer01"><img src="../lesson06/images/1.png" alt="">div>
<div class="layer02"><img src="images/2.png" alt="">div>
<div class="layer03"><img src="images/3.png" alt="">div>
<div class="layer04">
浮动的盒子可以向左浮动,也可以向右浮动,知道它的外边缘碰到包含或另一个浮动盒子为止
div>
<div class="clear">div>
div>
body>
html>
小结:
浮动元后面增加空div
简单,代码中尽量避免空div
设置父元素的高度
简单,元素假设有了固定的高度,就会被限制
overflow
简单,下拉的一些场景避免使用
父类添加一个伪类:after
写法稍微复杂一点,但是没有副作用,推荐使用!
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
body{
padding: 20px;
}
div{
margin: 10px;
padding: 5px;
font-size: 12px;
line-height: 25px;
}
#father{
border: 1px solid #666;
}
#first{
background-color: #3cbda6;
border: 1px solid #b27530;
position: relative;/*相对定位 上下左右*/
top: -20px;/*向上偏移20px*/
left: 20px;/*向右偏移20*/
}
#second{
background-color: #0000FF;
border: 1px solid #255066;
}
#third{
background-color: #008800;
border: 1px solid #1c6615;
position: relative;/*相对定位 上下左右*/
bottom: -20px;/*向下偏移20px*/
right: 20px;/*向左偏移20px*/
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div id="father">
<div id="first">第一个盒子div>
<div id="second">第二个盒子div>
<div id="third">第三个盒子div>
div>
body>
html>
相对定位:position: relative;
相对于原来的位置,进行指定的偏移,相对定位的话,他仍然在标准文档流中,原来的位置会被保留。
top: -20px;/*向上偏移20px*/
left: 20px;/*向右偏移20*/
bottom: -20px;/*向下偏移20px*/
right: 20px;/*向左偏移20px*/
练习:
使用div和a标签布局页面
每个超链接宽度和高度都是100px,背景颜色粉色,鼠标指针移上去变为蓝色
使用相对定位改变每个超链接的位置
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
#box{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
padding: 10px;
border: 2px solid red;
}
a{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
text-decoration: none;
background-color: darkmagenta;
line-height: 100px;
text-align: center;
color: white;
display: block;
}
a:hover{
background: #a13d30;
}
.a2,.a4{
position: relative;
left: 200px;
top: -100px;
}
.a5{
position: relative;
left: 100px;
top: -300px;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<a class="a1" href="#">链接1a>
<a class="a2" href="#">链接2a>
<a class="a3" href="#">链接3a>
<a class="a4" href="#">链接4a>
<a class="a5" href="#">链接5a>
div>
body>
html>
定位:基于xxx定位。上下左右
1、没有父级元素定位的前提下,相对于浏览器定位
2、假设父级元素存在定位,我们通常会相对于父级元素进行偏移
3、在父级元素范围内
相对于父级或浏览器的位置,进行指定的偏移,相对定位的话,他仍然在标准文档流中,原来的位置不会被保留。
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
div{
margin: 10px;
padding: 5px;
font-size: 12px;
line-height: 25px;
}
#father{
border: 1px solid #666;
padding: 0;
position: relative;
}
#first{
background-color: #3cbda6;
border: 1px solid #b27530;
}
#second{
background-color: #0000FF;
border: 1px solid #255066;
position: absolute;
left: 100px;
top: 20px;
}
#third{
background-color: #008800;
border: 1px solid #1c6615;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div id="father">
<div id="first">第一个盒子div>
<div id="second">第二个盒子div>
<div id="third">第三个盒子div>
div>
body>
html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
body{
height: 10000px;
}
div:nth-of-type(1){/*绝对定位:相对于浏览器*/
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: red;
position: absolute;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
}
div:nth-of-type(2){/*fixed:固定定位*/
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
background: yellow;
position: fixed;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
}
style>
head>
<body>
<div>div1div>
<div>div2div>
body>
html>
z-index:默认时0,最高无限:999
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
<style>
#content{
width: 333px;
padding: 0px;
margin: 0px;
overflow: hidden;
font-size: 12px;
line-height: 25px;
border: 1px #000 solid;
}
ul,li{
padding: 0px;
margin: 0px;
list-style-type: none;
}
/*父级元素相对定位*/
#content ul{
position: relative;
}
.tipText,.tipBg{
position: absolute;
width: 333px;
height: 25px;
top: 320px;
}
.tipText{
color: white;
/*z-index: 0;*/
}
.tipBg{
background: black;
opacity: 0.5; /*背景透明度*/
}
style>
head>
<body>
<ul id="content">
<li><img src="images/bg.png" alt="">li>
<li class="tipText">学习微服务,找狂神li>
<li class="tipBg">li>
<li>时间:2099-01-01li>
<li>地点:月球一号基地li>
ul>
body>
html>
自己学习