Linux下使用dd命令制作启动盘
date: 2018-09-25 10:39:41+00:00
原标题: Linux下使用dd命令制作启动盘
原链接: https://www.dreamoftime0.com/2018/09/25/linux%e4%b8%8b%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8dd%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e5%88%b6%e4%bd%9c%e5%90%af%e5%8a%a8%e7%9b%98/
1.查看挂载的U盘的设备名称，一般按照大概的容量或者拔插前的区别来看。此处U盘设备名为sdd1
╰─$ sudo fdisk -l 1 ↵
...
Disk /dev/sdd: 7.5 GiB, 8004304896 bytes, 15633408 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xf279747d
设备 启动 Start 末尾 扇区 Size Id 类型
/dev/sdd1 32 15633407 15633376 7.5G c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
2.如果U盘还在挂载状态，卸载它。否则，会提示设备或资源正忙。
umount /dev/sdd1
3.格式化U盘。
sudo mkfs.ntfs -f /dev/sdd1
4.写入启动引导。
sudo dd if=/usr/lib/syslinux/mbr/mbr.bin of=/dev/sdd
5.将镜像文件写入。其中 if 值为iso文件路径，of 值为要输出到的设备。
sudo dd if=/media/dts/000606BF00038C36/word/安装光盘/操作系统/ubuntu_64.iso of=/dev/sdd1
如果想要看当前的进度和读写速度，可以另开一个终端，执行
sudo watch -n 5 killall -USR1 dd
即，对于dd命令，每5秒显示一次进度。然后再回到之前的终端就可以看到每5秒一次的进度输出了。
如下所示：
记录了6378916+0 的读入
记录了6378916+0 的写出
3266004992 bytes (3.3 GB, 3.0 GiB) copied, 734.875 s, 4.4 MB/s
注：仅能制作Linux启动盘，如果想要制作windows，建议使用ultra ISO。
参考：
dd命令帮助
用法：dd [操作数] ...
或：dd 选项
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.
bs=BYTES read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time
cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time
conv=CONVS convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
count=N copy only N input blocks
ibs=BYTES read up to BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
iflag=FLAGS read as per the comma separated symbol list
obs=BYTES write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
oflag=FLAGS write as per the comma separated symbol list
seek=N skip N obs-sized blocks at start of output
skip=N skip N ibs-sized blocks at start of input
status=LEVEL The LEVEL of information to print to stderr;
'none' suppresses everything but error messages,
'noxfer' suppresses the final transfer statistics,
'progress' shows periodic transfer statistics
N and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Each CONV symbol may be:
ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII
ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
lcase change upper case to lower case
ucase change lower case to upper case
sparse try to seek rather than write the output for NUL input blocks
swab swap every pair of input bytes
sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
excl fail if the output file already exists
nocreat do not create the output file
notrunc 不截断输出文件
noerror 读取数据发生错误后仍然继续
fdatasync 结束前将输出文件数据写入磁盘
fsync 类似上面，但是元数据也一同写入
FLAG 符号可以是：
append 追加模式(仅对输出有意义；隐含了conv=notrunc)
direct 使用直接I/O 存取模式
directory 除非是目录，否则 directory 失败
dsync 使用同步I/O 存取模式
sync 与上者类似，但同时也对元数据生效
fullblock 为输入积累完整块(仅iflag)
nonblock 使用无阻塞I/O 存取模式
noatime 不更新存取时间
nocache Request to drop cache. See also oflag=sync
noctty 不根据文件指派控制终端
nofollow 不跟随链接文件
count_bytes treat 'count=N' as a byte count (iflag only)
skip_bytes treat 'skip=N' as a byte count (iflag only)
seek_bytes treat 'seek=N' as a byte count (oflag only)
Sending a USR1 signal to a running 'dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.
Options are:
--help 显示此帮助信息并退出
--version 显示版本信息并退出
GNU coreutils online help: 报告dd 的翻译错误
Full documentation at:
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) dd invocation'