QT5实现串口收发数据（上位机与下位机通信）
最近帮老师做一个应用程序，通过上位机与下位机进行串口通信，最后实现实时绘图，通过几天努力，成功实现蓝牙串口通信。
参考博客1
注意：代码中一些与串口无关代码，可以忽略掉
一、QT5串口基础知识
1. pro文件与cpp文件
QT5自带QSerialPort这个类的，需要在pro文件中添加(不添加会报错)：
QT += serialport
其他CPP需要引用该类
#include //提供访问串口的功能
#include //提供系统中存在的串口的信息
2. 基本串口设置
//创建串口对象
QSerialPort serial;
//设置串口名称
serial.setPortName("COM3");
//设置波特率
serial.setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud9600);
//设置数据位
serial.setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);
//设置是否奇偶校验
serial.setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
//设置停止位
serial.setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);
//设置是否流控制
serial.setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);
//打开串口—可读可写地打开
serial.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite);
//关闭串口
serial->close();
如果对一些类或者成员不懂可以鼠标移上去按F1查看手册，按两次直接全屏。
3. 收发数据
读取数据：
QByteArray buffer = serial.readAll();//读取数据到缓冲数组中
发送数据：
serial->write(data);//将数据发送到串口
二、QT5串口实例
1. h文件
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
#include
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//#include
#include "showwidget.h"
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
~MainWindow();
void createActions(); //创建动作
void createMenus(); //创建菜单
void createToolBars(); //创建工具栏
void createStatusBars(); //创建状态栏
void loadFile(QString filename); //??
void mergeFormat(QTextCharFormat); //??
void setvariables(); //设置调试参数
void startDeviceDiscovery();
void deviceDiscovered();
void bluetooth();
void statusOfAll();
private:
//基本布局
QGraphicsScene *scene;
QStackedWidget *Stack1;
QMenu *fileMenu;
QMenu *zoomMenu;
QImage img;
QString filename;
ShowWidget *showWidget;
//文件菜单栏
QAction *OpenFileAction;
QAction *NewFileAction;
QAction *ExitAction;
//编辑菜单栏
QAction *CopyAction;
QAction *CutAction;
QAction *PasteAction;
QAction *AboutAction;
QAction *ZoomInAction;
QAction *ZoomOutAction;
QAction *UndoAction;
QAction *RedoAction;
//工具栏
QToolBar *Tool;
QToolBar *DoToolBar;
//状态栏
QStatusBar *Status;
//停靠窗口1，显示蓝牙连接状态
QLabel *BlueToothLabel;
QComboBox *BlueToothPortComboBox;
QPushButton *ConnectBtn;
QPushButton *BreakBtn;
QPushButton *Stop1Btn;
QSerialPort *CurrentPort;
QLabel *BaudRateLabel;
QComboBox *BaudRateComBox;
QLabel *DateRateLabel;
QComboBox *DateRateComBox;
QLabel *ParityLabel;
QComboBox *ParityComBox;
QLabel *StopBitsLabel;
QComboBox *StopBitsComBox;
//停靠窗口2，各种参数调整模块
QLabel *InitELabel;
QLabel *FinalELabel;
QLabel *ScanRateLabel;
QLabel *ScanningDirectionLabel;
QLabel *GainLabel;
QLabel *SampleIntervalLabel;
QLabel *QuietTimeLabel;
QLineEdit *InitELineEdit;
QLineEdit *FinalELineEdit;
QLineEdit *ScanRateLineEdit;
QComboBox *ScanningDirectionComboBox;
QLineEdit *GainLineEdit;
QLineEdit *SampleIntervalLineEdit;
QLineEdit *QuietTimeLineEdit;
QPushButton *SendBtn;
QPushButton *StartBtn;
QPushButton *PauseBtn;
QPushButton *Stop2Btn;
QButtonGroup *Dock2Group;
QTextEdit *StatusOfBT;
//停靠窗口3，3个显示窗口，状态/接受/发送
QTextEdit *StatusOfDock3;
QTextEdit *SendInfo;
QTextEdit *ReceiveInfo;
protected slots:
void showNewFile();
void showZoomIn();
void showZoomOut();
void startPainting();
void stopPainting();
private slots:
void on_clearButton_clicked();
void on_sendButtton_clicked();
void on_connectButton_clicked();
void on_breakButton_clicked();
void Read_Data();
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H
2. cpp文件
#include "mainwindow.h"
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void MainWindow::createActions()
{
OpenFileAction = new QAction(QIcon("Open.png"),tr("Open"),this);
OpenFileAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+O"));
OpenFileAction->setStatusTip(tr("Open one file"));
connect(OpenFileAction,&QAction::triggered,[=] ()
{
QString path = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(
this,"open","../",
"souce(*.cpp *.h);;Text(*.txt);;All(*.*)");
}
);
NewFileAction = new QAction(QIcon("Open.png"),tr("New"),this);
NewFileAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+N"));
NewFileAction->setStatusTip(tr("Build one new file"));
connect(NewFileAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(showNewFile()));
ExitAction = new QAction(QIcon("Open.png"),tr("Exit"),this);
ExitAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+N"));
ExitAction->setStatusTip(tr("Exit"));
CopyAction = new QAction(QIcon("Open.png"),tr("Copy"),this);
CopyAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+Q"));
CopyAction->setStatusTip(tr("Exit"));
//connect(CopyAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),showWidget->text,SLOT(copy()));
CutAction = new QAction(QIcon("Open.png"),tr("Cut"),this);
CutAction->setShortcut(tr("Crtl+C"));
//connect(CutAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),showWidget->text,SLOT(cut()));
PasteAction = new QAction(QIcon("Open.png"),tr("Paste"),this);
PasteAction->setShortcut(tr("Ctrl+V"));
//connect(PasteAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),showWidget->text,SLOT(paste()));
ZoomInAction = new QAction(QIcon("Open.png"),tr("ZoomIn"),this);
connect(ZoomInAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(showZoomIn()));
ZoomOutAction = new QAction(QIcon("Open.png"),tr("ZoomOut"),this);
connect(ZoomOutAction,SIGNAL(triggered()),this,SLOT(showZoomOut()));//图标未设置，均采用open.png
}
void MainWindow::createMenus()
{
fileMenu = menuBar()->addMenu(tr("File"));
fileMenu->addAction(OpenFileAction);
fileMenu->addAction(NewFileAction);
fileMenu->addSeparator();
fileMenu->addAction(ExitAction);
}
void MainWindow::createToolBars()
{
Tool = addToolBar("Tool");
Tool->addAction(CopyAction);
Tool->addAction(CutAction);
Tool->addAction(PasteAction);
Tool->addAction(ZoomInAction);
Tool->addAction(ZoomOutAction);
Tool->setAllowedAreas(Qt::TopToolBarArea);
}
void MainWindow::createStatusBars()//状态栏，最下面一行，显示状态
{
Status = statusBar();
Status->addWidget(new QLabel("2",this));
}
void MainWindow::showNewFile()//新建文件，这里需要修改
{
MainWindow *newFile = new MainWindow;
newFile->show();
}
void MainWindow::showZoomIn()//下面这两个要修改，能够将实时图像放大或者缩小
{
}
void MainWindow::showZoomOut()//
{
}
void MainWindow::bluetooth()//蓝牙模块
{
QDockWidget *dock1 = new QDockWidget(tr("DockWindow1"));
dock1->setFeatures(QDockWidget::DockWidgetMovable|QDockWidget::DockWidgetFloatable); //窗口可移动
dock1->setAllowedAreas(Qt::LeftDockWidgetArea|Qt::RightDockWidgetArea);
addDockWidget(Qt::RightDockWidgetArea,dock1);
dock1->setStyleSheet("QPushButton{color:white;background-color:black}");//按钮样式设置
BlueToothLabel = new QLabel(tr("Port name: "));
ConnectBtn = new QPushButton("Connect");
BreakBtn = new QPushButton(tr("Break"));
Stop1Btn = new QPushButton(tr("Stop"));
BlueToothPortComboBox = new QComboBox;
BaudRateLabel = new QLabel(tr("BaudRate: "));
BaudRateComBox = new QComboBox;
BaudRateComBox->addItem(tr("11520"));
BaudRateComBox->addItem(tr("9600"));
DateRateLabel = new QLabel(tr("DateRate: "));
DateRateComBox = new QComboBox;
DateRateComBox->addItem("5");
DateRateComBox->addItem("6");
DateRateComBox->addItem("7");
DateRateComBox->addItem("8");
DateRateComBox->setCurrentIndex(3);//设置下拉选择默认为第4个
ParityLabel = new QLabel("Parity");
ParityComBox = new QComboBox;
ParityComBox->addItem("On");
ParityComBox->addItem("Off");
ParityComBox->setCurrentIndex(1);
StopBitsLabel = new QLabel("StopBits: ");
StopBitsComBox = new QComboBox;
StopBitsComBox->addItem("1");
StopBitsComBox->addItem("2");
// QTextEdit *StatusOfBT = new QTextEdit;
//进行布局，先横向再纵向
QHBoxLayout *Dock1Layout1 = new QHBoxLayout();
Dock1Layout1->addWidget(BlueToothLabel);
Dock1Layout1->addWidget(BlueToothPortComboBox);
QHBoxLayout *Dock1Layout2 = new QHBoxLayout();
Dock1Layout2->addWidget(BaudRateLabel);
Dock1Layout2->addWidget(BaudRateComBox);
QHBoxLayout *Dock1Layout3 = new QHBoxLayout();
Dock1Layout3->addWidget(DateRateLabel);
Dock1Layout3->addWidget(DateRateComBox);
QHBoxLayout *Dock1Layout4 = new QHBoxLayout();
Dock1Layout4->addWidget(ParityLabel);
Dock1Layout4->addWidget(ParityComBox);
QHBoxLayout *Dock1Layout5 = new QHBoxLayout();
Dock1Layout5->addWidget(StopBitsLabel);
Dock1Layout5->addWidget(StopBitsComBox);
QHBoxLayout *Dock1Layout6 = new QHBoxLayout();
Dock1Layout6->addWidget(ConnectBtn);//点击后就开始寻找设备进行连接
Dock1Layout6->addWidget(BreakBtn);//点击后断开串口连接
// Dock1Layout6->addWidget(Stop1Btn);//暂时未用到
QVBoxLayout *Dock1Layout = new QVBoxLayout();
Dock1Layout->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
Dock1Layout->addLayout(Dock1Layout1);
Dock1Layout->addLayout(Dock1Layout2);
Dock1Layout->addLayout(Dock1Layout3);
Dock1Layout->addLayout(Dock1Layout4);
Dock1Layout->addLayout(Dock1Layout5);
Dock1Layout->addLayout(Dock1Layout6);
QWidget *Dock1Widget = new QWidget();
Dock1Widget->setLayout(Dock1Layout);
dock1->setWidget(Dock1Widget);
ConnectBtn->setMinimumWidth(70);
BreakBtn->setMaximumWidth(50);
Stop1Btn ->setMaximumWidth(50);
//搜索串口，并添加到选项上供使用者选择
foreach(const QSerialPortInfo &Info,QSerialPortInfo ::availablePorts())
{
QSerialPort CurrentPort;
CurrentPort.setPort(Info);
if(CurrentPort.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
{
BlueToothPortComboBox->addItem(CurrentPort.portName());//插入串口的名字
CurrentPort.close(); //先开再关，把串口名称先导入
}
}
connect(ConnectBtn, SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_connectButton_clicked()));
connect(BreakBtn, SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_breakButton_clicked()));
}
void MainWindow::on_clearButton_clicked()//清空发送与接收窗口信息
{
SendInfo->clear();
ReceiveInfo->clear();
}
void MainWindow::on_sendButtton_clicked()//发送数据
{
QByteArray SendBytes = SendInfo->toPlainText().toLatin1();//toPlainText(将文本编辑的文本转换为纯文本)
if(SendBytes.isEmpty())//判断发送数据是否为空
{
StatusOfDock3->append("No message can be sent, Please write something");
}
CurrentPort->write(SendBytes);
}
void MainWindow::Read_Data()//读取接收到的数据
{
QByteArray buf;
buf = CurrentPort->readAll();//Qbytearray类提供一个字节数组,buf这里应该是缓冲数据的功能
if(!buf.isEmpty())
{
QString str = this->ReceiveInfo->toPlainText().toUtf8();
str += tr(buf);//???
ReceiveInfo->clear();
ReceiveInfo->append(str);
}
buf.clear();
}
void MainWindow::on_connectButton_clicked()
{
CurrentPort = new QSerialPort;
CurrentPort->setPortName(BlueToothPortComboBox->currentText());//设置串口名
//设置波特率
switch (BaudRateComBox->currentIndex())
{
case 0: StatusOfDock3->append("Baud:115200");
CurrentPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud115200,QSerialPort::AllDirections); break;
case 1: StatusOfDock3->append("Baud:9600");
CurrentPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud9600,QSerialPort::AllDirections); break;
default: break;
}
//设置数据位数
switch(DateRateComBox->currentIndex())
{
case 0: StatusOfDock3->append("Data:5");
CurrentPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data5); break;
case 1: StatusOfDock3->append("Data:6");
CurrentPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data6); break;
case 2: StatusOfDock3->append("Data:7");
CurrentPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data7); break;
case 3: StatusOfDock3->append("Data:8");
CurrentPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8); break;
default: break;
}
//设置奇偶校验
switch(ParityComBox->currentIndex())
{
case 1:StatusOfDock3->append("Parity: off");
CurrentPort->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity); break;
default: break;
}
switch(StopBitsComBox->currentIndex()) //设置停止位
{
case 0: StatusOfDock3->append("StopBits:1");
CurrentPort->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop); break;
case 1: StatusOfDock3->append("StopBits:2");
CurrentPort->setStopBits(QSerialPort::TwoStop); break;
default: break;
}
CurrentPort->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl); //设置流控制
CurrentPort->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite);//打开串口
if(CurrentPort->isOpen())
{
StatusOfDock3->append("Succeesfully open the Port ");
//关闭设置菜单使能
BlueToothPortComboBox->setEnabled(false);
BaudRateComBox->setEnabled(false);
DateRateComBox->setEnabled(false);
ParityComBox->setEnabled(false);
StopBitsComBox->setEnabled(false);
ConnectBtn->setEnabled(false);
BreakBtn->setEnabled(true);
SendBtn->setEnabled(true);
}
else
{
StatusOfDock3->append("Defeatly open the port");
}
//连接信号槽
QObject::connect(CurrentPort, &QSerialPort::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::Read_Data);
}
void MainWindow::on_breakButton_clicked()
{
//关闭串口
CurrentPort->clear();
CurrentPort->close();
CurrentPort->deleteLater();
StatusOfDock3->append("Serial connection has been disconnected");
//恢复设置使能
BlueToothPortComboBox->setEnabled(true);
BaudRateComBox->setEnabled(true);
DateRateComBox->setEnabled(true);
ParityComBox->setEnabled(true);
StopBitsComBox->setEnabled(true);
ConnectBtn->setEnabled(true);
BreakBtn->setEnabled(false);
SendBtn->setEnabled(false);
}
void MainWindow::startPainting()
{
}
void MainWindow::stopPainting()
{
}
void MainWindow::setvariables()
{
//停靠窗口2，调整各种变量
QDockWidget *dock2 = new QDockWidget(tr("DockWindow2"));
dock2->setFeatures(QDockWidget::DockWidgetMovable|QDockWidget::DockWidgetFloatable); //窗口可移动
dock2->setAllowedAreas(Qt::LeftDockWidgetArea|Qt::RightDockWidgetArea);
//dock2->setStyleSheet("QPushButtonl{color:white;background-color:black}");//设置按钮/标签等颜色 color\background-color
//空白margain/边框border/填充padding/内容content
addDockWidget(Qt::RightDockWidgetArea,dock2);
//设置各个Widget，进行填充
InitELabel = new QLabel(tr("Init E(V): "));
InitELineEdit = new QLineEdit;
FinalELabel = new QLabel(tr("Final E(V): "));
FinalELineEdit = new QLineEdit;
ScanRateLabel = new QLabel(tr("Scan Rate (mV/s): "));
ScanRateLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
ScanningDirectionLabel = new QLabel(tr("Scanning direction: "));
ScanningDirectionComboBox = new QComboBox;
ScanningDirectionComboBox->addItem(tr("Positive"));
ScanningDirectionComboBox->addItem(tr("Negative"));
GainLabel = new QLabel(tr("Gain : "));
GainLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
SampleIntervalLabel = new QLabel(tr("Sample Interval (mv): "));
SampleIntervalLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
QuietTimeLabel = new QLabel(tr("Quiet Time: "));
QuietTimeLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
SendBtn = new QPushButton(tr("Send"));
StartBtn = new QPushButton(tr("Start"));
PauseBtn = new QPushButton(tr("Pause"));
Stop2Btn = new QPushButton(tr("Stop"));
dock2->setStyleSheet("QPushButton{color:white;background-color:black}");//设置按钮样式
StartBtn->setMaximumWidth(50);
PauseBtn->setMaximumWidth(50);
Stop2Btn ->setMaximumWidth(50);
//设置完各个控件进行布局，先水平布局再垂直布局
QHBoxLayout *Dock2Layout1 = new QHBoxLayout();
Dock2Layout1->addWidget(InitELabel);
Dock2Layout1->addWidget(InitELineEdit);
QHBoxLayout *Dock2Layout2 = new QHBoxLayout();
Dock2Layout2->addWidget(FinalELabel);
Dock2Layout2->addWidget(FinalELineEdit);
QHBoxLayout *Dock2Layout3 = new QHBoxLayout();
Dock2Layout3->addWidget(ScanRateLabel);
Dock2Layout3->addWidget(ScanRateLineEdit);
QHBoxLayout *Dock2Layout4 = new QHBoxLayout();
Dock2Layout4->addWidget(ScanningDirectionLabel);
Dock2Layout4->addWidget(ScanningDirectionComboBox);
QHBoxLayout *Dock2Layout5 = new QHBoxLayout();
Dock2Layout5->addWidget(GainLabel);
Dock2Layout5->addWidget(GainLineEdit);
QHBoxLayout *Dock2Layout6 = new QHBoxLayout();
Dock2Layout6->addWidget(SampleIntervalLabel);
Dock2Layout6->addWidget(SampleIntervalLineEdit);
QHBoxLayout *Dock2Layout7 = new QHBoxLayout();
Dock2Layout7->addWidget(QuietTimeLabel);
Dock2Layout7->addWidget(QuietTimeLineEdit);
QHBoxLayout *Dock2Layout8 = new QHBoxLayout();
Dock2Layout8->addWidget(SendBtn);
Dock2Layout8->addWidget(StartBtn);
Dock2Layout8->addWidget(PauseBtn);
Dock2Layout8->addWidget(Stop2Btn);
QVBoxLayout *Dock2Layout = new QVBoxLayout;
Dock2Layout->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
Dock2Layout->addLayout(Dock2Layout1);
Dock2Layout->addLayout(Dock2Layout2);
Dock2Layout->addLayout(Dock2Layout3);
Dock2Layout->addLayout(Dock2Layout4);
Dock2Layout->addLayout(Dock2Layout5);
Dock2Layout->addLayout(Dock2Layout6);
Dock2Layout->addLayout(Dock2Layout7);
Dock2Layout->addLayout(Dock2Layout8);
Dock2Layout->setSpacing(20);//设置间隙
QWidget *Dock2Widget = new QWidget();
Dock2Widget->setLayout(Dock2Layout);
dock2->setWidget(Dock2Widget);
connect(SendBtn,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_sendButtton_clicked()));
}
void MainWindow::statusOfAll()//最下面的窗口，显示图像的各个数据；暂时让收发数据显示在这里，到后面可隐藏掉
{
//停靠窗口3，显示图像各种参数
QDockWidget *dock3 = new QDockWidget(tr("DockWindow3"));
dock3->setFeatures(QDockWidget::DockWidgetMovable|QDockWidget::DockWidgetFloatable); //窗口可移动
dock3->setAllowedAreas(Qt::BottomDockWidgetArea);
addDockWidget(Qt::BottomDockWidgetArea,dock3);
dock3->setMinimumSize(1500,100);
QHBoxLayout *Dock3Layout = new QHBoxLayout;
StatusOfDock3 = new QTextEdit;
StatusOfDock3->setMinimumSize(300,200);
SendInfo = new QTextEdit;
ReceiveInfo = new QTextEdit;
Dock3Layout->addWidget(StatusOfDock3);
Dock3Layout->addWidget(SendInfo);
Dock3Layout->addWidget(ReceiveInfo);
QWidget *Dock3Widget = new QWidget();
Dock3Widget->setLayout(Dock3Layout);
dock3->setWidget(Dock3Widget);
}
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
: QMainWindow(parent)
{
setWindowTitle(tr("V1.0"));//窗体标题
//主窗口设计
scene = new QGraphicsScene;
scene->setSceneRect(-200,-200,400,400);
//initScene();
QGraphicsView *view = new QGraphicsView;
view->setScene(scene);
view->setMinimumSize(800,600);
setCentralWidget(view);
resize(1000,800);
//创建动作、菜单、工具栏的函数
createActions();
createMenus();
createToolBars();
createStatusBars();
//蓝牙、参数设置、状态显示
bluetooth();
setvariables();
statusOfAll();
//创建坐标轴
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
}
3. 实例结果
三、QT5串口注意点
虚拟串口下载：https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_41429220/11383961
串口助手下载：https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_41429220/11383925
本实例源文件下载：https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_41429220/11383958
- 运行程序后实现收发数据，电脑端可以直接进行模拟，虚拟串口出来。用COM1实现发送，再用串口助手将COM2打开，两者之间可以成功实现通信。