【Linux】CentOS7防火墙开启、停止、关闭，添加删除开放端口

防火墙管理

CentOS7防火墙

CentOS7默认安装了firewalld防火墙

利用防火墙，我们可以允许或是限制传输的数据通过

firewall

1、直接关闭防火墙

systemctl status firewalld （查看防火墙状态）

systemctl stop firewalld （停止防火墙）

systemctl disable firewalld（禁止开机启动）

eg:

[root@liuawen ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-05-10 16:04:31 CST; 41min ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
 Main PID: 31591 (firewalld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─31591 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

May 10 16:04:31 liuawen systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
May 10 16:04:31 liuawen systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
May 10 16:04:32 liuawen firewalld[31591]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -D FORWARD -i docker0 -o docker0 -j DROP'...chain?).
May 10 16:04:32 liuawen firewalld[31591]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -D FORWARD -i docker0 -o docker0 -j DROP'...chain?).
May 10 16:29:05 liuawen firewalld[31591]: WARNING: NOT_ENABLED: 8010-8015:tcp
May 10 16:32:04 liuawen firewalld[31591]: WARNING: NOT_ENABLED: 2181:tcp
May 10 16:37:21 liuawen firewalld[31591]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -D FORWARD -i docker0 -o docker0 -j DROP'...chain?).
May 10 16:37:21 liuawen firewalld[31591]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -D FORWARD -i docker0 -o docker0 -j DROP'...chain?).
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@liuawen ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@liuawen ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@liuawen ~]# systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service
disabled
[root@liuawen ~]# 

2、firewalld防火墙的基本使用

开启、关闭、重启、禁用、查看防火墙

firewall-cmd --state 
查看防火墙的状态state firewall-cmd --state 
停止防火墙：  systemctl stop firewalld
开启防火墙：  systemctl start firewalld
查看防火墙状态：systemctl status firewalld
重新启动防火墙：systemctl restart firewalld
开机禁用就是开机不启动防火墙服务 ： systemctl disable firewalld
开机启用防火墙服务  ： systemctl enable firewalld


查看防火墙服务是否开机启动：systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service

查看版本： firewall-cmd --version
显示状态： firewall-cmd --state
查看帮助： firewall-cmd --help
更新防火墙规则： firewall-cmd --reload
查看所有打开的端口： firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports

eg:

[root@liuawen ~]#  firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --version
0.6.3
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --state 
running
[root@liuawen ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@liuawen ~]# systemctl start firewalld
[root@liuawen ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2020-05-10 16:03:38 CST; 45s ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
 Main PID: 31323 (firewalld)
    Tasks: 2
   Memory: 21.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─31323 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

May 10 16:03:38 liuawen systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
May 10 16:03:38 liuawen systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
May 10 16:03:38 liuawen firewalld[31323]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -D FORWARD -i docker0 -o docker0 -j DROP'...chain?).
May 10 16:03:39 liuawen firewalld[31323]: WARNING: COMMAND_FAILED: '/usr/sbin/iptables -w10 -D FORWARD -i docker0 -o docker0 -j DROP'...chain?).
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@liuawen ~]# systemctl restart firewalld
[root@liuawen ~]#  systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@liuawen ~]# systemctl enable firewalld.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service.
[root@liuawen ~]# systemctl enable firewalld.service
[root@liuawen ~]# systemctl is-enabled firewalld.service
enabled
[root@liuawen ~]# 

CentOS7 我执行service firewall start,错误信息[root@liuawen ~]# service firewall start Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start firewall.service Failed to start firewall.service: Unit not found. [root@liuawen ~]# systemctl start firewalld

可以执行systemctl start firewalld这个。

3、防火墙端口管理

开放删除端口

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=2181/tcp
firewall-cmd -reload
firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=2181/tcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --list-ports 

–permanent参数是永久生效，没有此参数时，重新启动系统之前的开启或删除端口失效了。

–reload重新加载

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=8080-8085/tcp设置一个范围 ,--remove-port=8080-8085删除也是一个范围 。

查看开启的端口和服务

firewall-cmd --permanent --list-ports 

eg:

[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=2181/tcp
Warning: NOT_ENABLED: 2181:tcp
success
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=2181/tcp
success
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=2181/tcp
success
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=2181/tcp
success
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --list-ports 
20/tcp 21/tcp 22/tcp 80/tcp 8888/tcp 39000-40000/tcp 888/tcp 3306/tcp 3306/udp 8001/tcp 8001/udp 8002/tcp 8002/udp 8003/tcp 8003/udp 8000/tcp 8000/udp 8080/tcp 2181/udp 2181/tcp
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=2181/udp
success
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=2181/tcp
success
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --list-ports 
20/tcp 21/tcp 22/tcp 80/tcp 8888/tcp 39000-40000/tcp 888/tcp 3306/tcp 3306/udp 8001/tcp 8001/udp 8002/tcp 8002/udp 8003/tcp 8003/udp 8000/tcp 8000/udp 8080/tcp
[root@liuawen ~]#  firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --version
0.6.3
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --state
running
[root@liuawen ~]#  firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
20/tcp 21/tcp 22/tcp 80/tcp 8888/tcp 39000-40000/tcp 888/tcp 3306/tcp 3306/udp 8001/tcp 8001/udp 8002/tcp 8002/udp 8003/tcp 8003/udp 8000/tcp 8000/udp 8080/tcp
[root@liuawen ~]#  firewall-cmd --get-active-zones
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --get-zone-of-interface=eth0
no zone
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --get-zone-of-interface=8080
no zone
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --get-zone-of-8080=eth0
usage: see firewall-cmd man page
firewall-cmd: error: unrecognized arguments: --get-zone-of-8080=eth0
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --zone= public --query-port=80/tcp
usage: see firewall-cmd man page
firewall-cmd: error: unrecognized arguments: public
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=80/tcp
yes
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=2181/tcp
no
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=2191/tcp
success
[root@liuawen ~]# firewall-cmd  --list-ports 
20/tcp 21/tcp 22/tcp 80/tcp 8888/tcp 39000-40000/tcp 888/tcp 3306/tcp 3306/udp 8001/tcp 8001/udp 8002/tcp 8002/udp 8003/tcp 8003/udp 8000/tcp 8000/udp 8080/tcp
[root@liuawen ~]# 

4、参考资料

1、Docker环境下前后端分离项目部署与运维-防火墙管理