matplotlib库基本知识点
matplotilib框架:
- 后端: 实现绘图区域(分配画图的资源)
- 美工: figure, axes, axis
- 脚本: pyplot
基本操作
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.figure(figure=(20,8))
plt.savefig()
plt.show()
plt.subplots()
Demo
x = [i for i in range(-10, 11)]
y = [i**3 for i in x]
plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()
折线图
import random
plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
x = range(10)
y = [random.uniform(5,10) for i in x]
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()
多折线图
plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
x = range(10)
y1 = [random.uniform(5,10) for i in x]
y2 = [random.uniform(5,10) for i in x]
plt.plot(x,y1)
plt.plot(x,y2)
plt.show()
多坐标系折线图
fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=1,ncols=2)
x = range(10)
y1 = [random.uniform(5,10) for i in x]
y2 = [random.uniform(5,10) for i in x]
axes[0].plot(x,y1)
axes[1].plot(x,y2)
plt.show()
增加难度
import random
plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
x = range(7)
y = [random.uniform(1,20) for i in x]
plt.title("某市一周的平均气温")
plt.xlabel("日期")
plt.ylabel("平均气温")
x_week = ["星期一","星期二","星期三","星期四","星期五","星期六","星期日"]
plt.xticks(x, x_week)
plt.yticks(range(0,20,2))
plt.plot(x,y,label="温度")
plt.legend(loc="best")
plt.show()
柱状图(一)
plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
plt.title("某部电影评分")
rate = ["{}分".format(i) for i in range(6)]
rate_num = [2,2,3,5,7,1]
x = range(len(rate))
plt.ylabel('人数')
plt.xticks(x, rate)
plt.bar(x, rate_num,width=0.5)
plt.show()
柱状图(二)
plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
plt.title("某部电影儿童和成人的评分")
rate = ["{}分".format(i) for i in range(6)]
rate_num_c = [2,2,3,5,7,1]
rate_num_a = [0,2,5,5,5,3]
x = range(len(rate))
plt.ylabel('人数')
plt.xticks([i+0.1 for i in x], rate)
plt.bar(x, rate_num_c,width=0.2, label="儿童")
plt.bar([i+0.2 for i in x], rate_num_a,width=0.2, label="成人")
plt.legend(loc="best")
plt.show()
直方图
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8))
plt.title("统计电影的时长")
time = [131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117, 86, 95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 86, 101, 99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140, 83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144, 83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137, 92,121, 112, 146, 97, 137, 105, 98, 117, 112, 81, 97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112, 83, 94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111, 84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]
a = 2
bins = int((max(time)-min(time))/a)
plt.hist(time, bins,normed=1)
plt.xlabel("电影时长")
plt.ylabel("电影多少")
plt.xticks(list(range(min(time),max(time)+1))[::2])
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
饼图
plt.figure(figsize=(6,4))
plt.title("某班男生女生的比例")
gender = ["男生", "女生"]
rate = [21, 18]
plt.pie(rate, labels=gender, autopct="%1.2f%%",startangle=90)
plt.axis('equal')
plt.legend(loc="best")
plt.show()