初学Python常见错误
忘记写冒号
误用=
错误 缩紧
变量没有定义
中英文输入法导致的错误
不同数据类型的拼接
索引位置问题
使用字典中不存在的键
忘了括号
漏传参数
缺失依赖库
使用了python中对关键词
编码问题
age = 42
if age == 42
print('Hello!')
File “”, line 2
if age == 42
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
2. 误用 =
=是赋值操作,而判断两个值是否相等是
==
gender = ‘男’
if gender = ‘男’:
print('Man')
File “”, line 2
if gender = '男':
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
3. 错误的缩进
Python用缩进区分代码块,常见的错误用法:
print(‘Hello!’)
print(‘Howdy!’)
File “”, line 2
print('Howdy!')
^
IndentationError: unexpected indent
num = 25
if num == 25:
print(‘Hello!’)
File “”, line 3
print('Hello!')
^
IndentationError: expected an indented block
4. 变量没有定义
if city in [‘New York’, ‘Bei Jing’, ‘Tokyo’]:
print('This is a mega city')
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
in
----> 1 if city in [‘New York’, ‘Bei Jing’, ‘Tokyo’]:
2 print('This is a mega city')
NameError: name ‘city’ is not defined
5. 中英文输入法导致的错误
英文冒号
英文括号
英文逗号
英文单双引号
if 5>3:
print('5比3大')
File “”, line 1
if 5>3:
^
SyntaxError: invalid character in identifier
if 5>3:
print('5比3大')
File “”, line 2
print('5比3大')
^
SyntaxError: invalid character in identifier
spam = [1, 2,3]
File “”, line 1
spam = [1, 2,3]
^
SyntaxError: invalid character in identifier
if 5>3:
print('5比3大‘)
File “”, line 2
print('5比3大‘)
^
SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal
6. 不同数据类型的拼接
字符串/列表/元组 支持拼接
字典/集合不支持拼接
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‘I have ’ + 12 + ’ eggs.’
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
in
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
in
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
in
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
in
----> 1 set([‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’])+set([‘d’, ‘e’])
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: ‘set’ and ‘set’
grades1 = {‘Mary’:99, ‘Henry’:77}
grades2 = {‘David’:88, ‘Unique’:89}
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
in
2 grades2 = {'David':88, 'Unique':89}
3
----> 4 grades1+grades2
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: ‘dict’ and ‘dict’
7. 索引位置问题
spam = [‘cat’, ‘dog’, ‘mouse’]
IndexError Traceback (most recent call last)
in
1 spam = ['cat', 'dog', 'mouse']
----> 2 print(spam[5])
IndexError: list index out of range
8. 使用字典中不存在的键
在字典对象中访问 key 可以使用 [],
但是如果该 key 不存在,就会导致:KeyError: ‘zebra’
spam = {‘cat’: ‘Zophie’,
'dog': 'Basil',
'mouse': 'Whiskers'}
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
in
3 'mouse': 'Whiskers'}
4
----> 5 print(spam[‘zebra’])
KeyError: ‘zebra’
为了避免这种情况,可以使用 get 方法
spam = {‘cat’: ‘Zophie’,
'dog': 'Basil',
'mouse': 'Whiskers'}
print(spam.get(‘zebra’))
None
key 不存在时,get 默认返回 None
spam = {‘cat’: ‘Zophie’,
'dog': 'Basil',
'mouse': 'Whiskers'}
print(spam.get(‘zebra’)
File “”, line 5
print(spam.get('zebra')
^
SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing
10. 漏传参数
def diyadd(x, y, z):
return x+y+z
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
in
2 return x+y+z
3
----> 4 diyadd(1, 2)
TypeError: diyadd() missing 1 required positional argument: ‘z’
11. 缺失依赖库
电脑中没有相关的库
try = 5
print(try)
File “”, line 1
try = 5
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
def = 6
print(6)
File “”, line 1
def = 6
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
13. 文件编码问题
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv(‘data/twitter情感分析数据集.csv’)
df.head()
尝试encoding编码参数传入utf-8、gbk
df = pd.read_csv(‘data/twitter情感分析数据集.csv’, encoding=‘utf-8’)
df.head()
都报错说明编码不是utf-8和gbk,而是不常见都编码,这里我们需要传入正确都encoding,才能让程序运行。
python有个chardet库,专门用来侦测编码。
import chardet
binary_data = open(‘data/twitter情感分析数据集.csv’, ‘rb’).read()
chardet.detect(binary_data)
{‘encoding’: ‘Windows-1252’, ‘confidence’: 0.7291192008535122, ‘language’: ‘’