SpringCloud(九) Hystrix

1、Hystrix是什么?(别名:豪猪哥)

SpringCloud(九) Hystrix_第1张图片

Hystrix可以做什么?

  • 服务降级
  • 服务熔断
  • 接近实时的监控
  • 。。。

2、Hystrix重要概念

面试

  • 服务降级:服务器忙,请稍后再试,不让客户端等待并立刻返回一个友好提示,fallback

    哪些情况会触发降级:

    程序运行异常 、 超时 、 服务熔断触发服务降级 、 线程池/信号量打满也会导致服务降级

  • 服务熔断

    类比保险丝达到最大服务访问后,直接拒绝访问,拉电闸,然后调用服务降级的方法返回友好提示

  • 服务限流

    秒杀高并发等操作,严禁一窝蜂的过来拥挤,大家排队,一秒钟N个,有序进行

3、Hystrix案例

3.1 新建 cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001

3.2 POM


<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020artifactId>
        <groupId>com.qygroupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
    parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001artifactId>


    <dependencies>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrixartifactId>
        dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-clientartifactId>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.qygroupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commonsartifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuatorartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId>
            <scope>runtimescope>
            <optional>trueoptional>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
            <artifactId>lombokartifactId>
            <optional>trueoptional>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
            <scope>testscope>
        dependency>



    dependencies>

project>

3.3 YML

server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-provider-hystrix-payment

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka

3.4 主启动

package com.qy.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class PaymentHystrix8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrix8001.class,args);
    }
}

3.5 service

package com.qy.springcloud.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Service
public class PaymentService {

    /**
     * 正常访问
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id){
        return "线程池: "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" paymentInfo_OK,id:"+id+"\t"+"O(∩_∩)O";
    }

    /**
     * 等待3秒,超时
     * @return
     */
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(){
        int time = 3;
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(time);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "线程池: "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" paymentInfo_TimeOut";
    }

}

3.6 controller

package com.qy.springcloud.controller;

import com.qy.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String ServerPort;

    @Autowired
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
        log.info("********"+result);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut() {
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_TimeOut();
        log.info("*********"+result);
        return result;
    }

}

3.7 测试

访问 http://localhost:8001/payment/hystrix/timeout 正常

访问 http://localhost:8001/payment/hystrix/ok/2 正常

4、高并发测试

在上边已经构建好了代码,在非高并发的情形下还能满足,但是。。。

Jmeter压测测试

开启Jmeter , 来2000个并发压死8001,20000个请求都去访问paymentInfo_TimeOut服务

演示结果

访问ok是可以直接得到访问结果的,访问timeout我们让线程睡了3秒,但是当我们高并发去打在timeout上的话,会发现,访问ok的时候,无法直接得到访问结果,访问速度变慢!

两个都在转圈圈,ok的被timeout的拖累了,为什么会被卡死?

tomcat的默认的工作线程数被打满了,没有多余的线程来分解压力和处理

所以需要Hystrix

5、再加入80

5.1 新建cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80

5.2 POM


<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020artifactId>
        <groupId>com.qygroupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
    parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrixartifactId>
        dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeignartifactId>
        dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-clientartifactId>
            <version>2.2.2.RELEASEversion>
        dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.qygroupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commonsartifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuatorartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId>
            <scope>runtimescope>
            <optional>trueoptional>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
            <artifactId>lombokartifactId>
            <optional>trueoptional>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
            <scope>testscope>
        dependency>
    dependencies>

project>

5.3 YML

server:
  port: 80

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka

5.4 service

package com.qy.springcloud.service;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT")
public interface PaymentService {

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut();

}

5.5 controller

package com.qy.springcloud.controller;

import com.qy.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut() {
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_TimeOut();
        return result;
    }
}

5.6 主启动

package com.qy.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class OrderMain80 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class,args);
    }
}

5.7测试

用20000高并发压8001,发现消费者调用也变慢了

导致原因:

8001同一层次的其他接口服务被困死,因为tomcat线程池里面的工作线程已经被挤占完毕

80此时调用8001,客户端访问响应缓慢,转圈圈。

上述总结

正因为有了上述故障或不佳表现,才有我们的降级/容错/限流等技术产生

解决的要求:

  • 超时导致服务器变慢 超时不再等待

  • 出错(宕机或程序运行出错) 出错要有兜底

  • 解决

    ​ 对方服务(8001)超时了,调用者(80)不能一直卡死等待,必须有服务降级

    ​ 对方服务(8001)down机了,调用者(80)不能一直打死等待,必须有服务降级

    ​ 对方服务(8001)ok,调用者(80)自己出故障或者有自我要求

6、服务降级

6.1 降级配置

@HystrixCommand

6.2 8001先从自身找问题

设置自身调用超时时间的峰值,峰值内可以正常运行,超过了需要有兜底的方法处理,作服务降级fallback

6.3 8001 fallback

一旦调用服务方法失败并抛出了错误信息之后,会自动调用@HystrixCommand标注好的fallbackMethod调用类中指定的方法

Service层:

// fallbackMethod指定,如果超时则调用方法paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",commandProperties = {
            // 设置等待时间的峰值
            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "3000")
    })
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(){
       //这里等待5秒钟,让超时
        int time = 5;
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(time);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "线程池: "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" paymentInfo_TimeOut";
    }
   // 超时的方法
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(Integer id){
        return "温馨提示 : 线程池: "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" paymentInfo_TimeOut /(ㄒoㄒ)/~~";
    }

主启动类激活: @EnableCircuitBreaker

6.4 80 fallback

YML:

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

主启动:

@EnableHystrix

6.5 目前的问题

每个业务方法对应一个兜底的方法(代码膨胀)

业务方法和兜底方法融在了一起

6.6 解决问题

  • 每个方法配置一个兜底方法???膨胀

    feign接口系列

    一 : @DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "payment_Global_FallbackMethod")

    统一的配置一个兜底方法,如果没有使用@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "")在方法上特别指明兜底的方法,就会使用这个默认的方法。

    二: 在需要设置兜底的方法的业务方法上添加注解@HystrixCommand

  • 和业务逻辑混在一起???混乱(解耦

    在80端:

    80端用的是openfeign,在service层,使用注解,fallback 指定的(PaymentFallbackService)是兜底的类,写PaymentFallbackService这个类,继承子service层的接口重写里边的方法,若8001端口服务断开,就会调用这里的兜底方法。

    @Component
    @FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
    public interface PaymentService {
    
        @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
        public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
    
        @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout")
        public String paymentInfo_TimeOut();
    
    }
    

    7、服务熔断

    就是保险丝 : 服务降级 ==> 进而熔断 ==>恢复调用链路

    SpringCloud(九) Hystrix_第2张图片

    配置(service中)

    在官网可以查到这些配置

       //========服务熔断
        @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback",commandProperties = {
                @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.enabled" , value = "true"),//是否开启断路器
                @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold" , value = "10"), // 请求次数
                @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds" , value = "10000"), // 时间窗口期
                @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage" , value = "60") // 失败率达到多少后跳闸
        })
        public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
            if(id < 0){
                throw new RuntimeException("******id 不能负数");
            }
            String serialNumber = IdUtil.simpleUUID();  // 使用的hutool工具包
    
            return Thread.currentThread().getName()+"\t"+"调用成功,流水号"+serialNumber;
        }
        public String paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback(@PathVariable("id")Long id){
            return "id 不能负数,请稍后再试,/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~  id:"+id;
        }
    

    controller:

    @GetMapping("/payment/circuit/{id}")
        public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id")Long id){
            String result = paymentService.paymentCircuitBreaker(id);
            log.info("*****result:"+result);
            return result;
        }
    

    补充:hutool工具包的依赖:

    
    <dependency>
      <groupId>cn.hutoolgroupId>
      <artifactId>hutool-allartifactId>
      <version>5.1.0version>
    dependency>
    

    7.1 小总结

    SpringCloud(九) Hystrix_第3张图片

    熔断类型:

    • 熔断打开

      请求不再调用当前服务,内部设置时钟一般为MTTR(平均故障处理时间),当打开时长达到所设时钟则进入半熔断状态

    • 熔断关闭

      熔断关闭不会对服务进行熔断

    • 熔断半开

      部分请求根据规则调用当前服务,如果请求成功且符合规则认为当前服务恢复正常,关闭熔断

SpringCloud(九) Hystrix_第4张图片

8、服务监控hystrixDashboard

8.1 概述

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-bsc3wyKp-1592008045446)(images/1588216781257.png)]

8.2 新建 cloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard9001

8.3 POM


<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020artifactId>
        <groupId>com.qygroupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
    parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard9001artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboardartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuatorartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId>
            <scope>runtimescope>
            <optional>trueoptional>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
            <artifactId>lombokartifactId>
            <optional>trueoptional>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
            <scope>testscope>
        dependency>
    dependencies>

project>

8.4 YML

server:
  port: 9001

8.5 主启动

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class DashboardMain9001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DashboardMain9001.class,args);
    }
}

8.6 微服务提供类

所有Provider微服务提供类(8001/8002/8003)都需要监控依赖配置actuator


<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuatorartifactId>
dependency>

8.7 访问

访问 : http://localhost:9001/hystrix

SpringCloud(九) Hystrix_第5张图片

8.8 监控服务提供 8001

要监控服务提供微服务两步:

  • 添加actuator 依赖
  • 添加下面配置

注意,要监控8001,在8001的主启动类上加入下边的配置!

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class PaymentHystrix8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrix8001.class,args);
    }

    /**
     * 此配置是为了服务监控而配置,与服务容错本身无关,springcloud升级后的坑
     * ServletRegistrationBean因为springboot的默认路径不是"/hystrix.stream"
     * 只要再自己的项目里配置上下面的servlet就可以了
     */
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet(){
        HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();
        ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet);
        registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");
        registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetriceStreamServlet");
        return registrationBean;
    }
}

8.9 测试

环境

一台7001Eureka 一台 8001服务提供(hystrix/payment) 一台 9001 服务监控(hystrix/dashboard)

8.9.1 首先打开hystrixdashboard监控页面:(输入url)

SpringCloud(九) Hystrix_第6张图片

8.9.2 访问 http://localhost:8001/payment/circuit/3

8.9.3 访问http://localhost:8001/payment/circuit/-3

8.9.4 结果

SpringCloud(九) Hystrix_第7张图片

SpringCloud(九) Hystrix_第8张图片

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