批量生成sqlldr文件,高速卸载数据

      SQL*Loader 是用于将外部数据进行批量高速加载的数据库的最高效工具,可用于将多种平面格式文件加载到Oracle数据库。SQL*Loader支持传统路径模式以及直接路径这两种加载模式。关于SQL*Loader的具体用法可以参考Oracle Utilities 手册或者SQL*Loader使用方法。那么如何以SQL*Loader能识别的方式高效的卸载数据呢? Tom大师为我们提供了一个近乎完美的解决方案,是基于exp/imp,Datapump方式迁移数据的有力补充。本文基于此给出描述,并通过批量的方式来卸载数据。

有关本文涉及到的参考链接:
    SQL*Loader使用方法
    数据泵 EXPDP 导出工具的使用
    数据泵IMPDP 导入工具的使用
    PL/SQL-->UTL_FILE包的使用介绍

 

1、单表卸载数据

--首先查看你的数据库是否存在相应的dump目录,如果没有,则应先使用create or replace directory dir_name as '/yourpath'创建
scott@SYBO2SZ> @dba_directories

Owner      Directory Name                 Directory Path
---------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------
SYS        DB_DUMP_DIR                    /u02/database/SYBO2SZ/BNR/dump

--下面是用匿名的pl/sql块来卸载单表数据
DECLARE
   l_rows   NUMBER;
BEGIN
   l_rows :=
      unloader.run (p_query        => 'select * from scott.emp order by empno',    --->定义你的查询
                    p_tname        => 'emp',                                       --->定义放入控制文件的表名
                    p_mode         => 'replace',                                   --->定义装载到目标表时使用的方式   
                    p_dir          => 'DB_DUMP_DIR',                               --->定义卸载数据存放目录
                    p_filename     => 'emp',                                       --->定义生成的文件名
                    p_separator    => ',',                                         --->字段分隔符
                    p_enclosure    => '"',                                         --->封装每个字段的符合
                    p_terminator   => '~');                                        --->行终止符

   DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (TO_CHAR (l_rows) || ' rows extracted to ascii file');
END;
/

14 rows extracted to ascii file

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

--查看刚刚卸载数据生成的文件
scott@SYBO2SZ> ho ls -hltr /u02/database/SYBO2SZ/BNR/dump
total 8.0K
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  913 2014-01-14 15:04 emp.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  261 2014-01-14 15:04 emp.ctl

--查看卸载文件的内容 
scott@SYBO2SZ> ho more /u02/database/SYBO2SZ/BNR/dump/emp.dat
"7369","SMITH","CLERK","7902","17121980000000","800","","20"~
"7499","ALLEN","SALESMAN","7698","20021981000000","1600","300","30"~
"7521","WARD","SALESMAN","7698","22021981000000","1250","500","30"~
"7566","JONES","MANAGER","7839","02041981000000","2975","","20"~
"7654","MARTIN","SALESMAN","7698","28091981000000","1250","1400","30"~
"7698","BLAKE","MANAGER","7839","01051981000000","2850","","30"~
"7782","CLARK","MANAGER","7839","09061981000000","2650","","10"~
"7788","SCOTT","ANALYST","7566","19041987000000","3000","","20"~
"7839","KING","PRESIDENT","","17111981000000","5200","","10"~
"7844","TURNER","SALESMAN","7698","08091981000000","1500","0","30"~
"7876","ADAMS","CLERK","7788","23051987000000","1100","","20"~
"7900","JAMES","CLERK","7698","03121981000000","950","","30"~
"7902","FORD","ANALYST","7566","03121981000000","3000","","20"~
"7934","MILLER","CLERK","7782","23011982000000","1500","","10"~

--下面是生成的控制文件,有了数据文件和控制文件可以直接进行导入目标表
scott@SYBO2SZ> ho more /u02/database/SYBO2SZ/BNR/dump/emp.ctl
load data
infile 'emp.dat' "str x'7E0A'"
into table emp
replace
fields terminated by X'2c' enclosed by X'22' 
(
EMPNO char(44 ),
ENAME char(20 ),
JOB char(18 ),
MGR char(44 ),
HIREDATE date 'ddmmyyyyhh24miss' ,
SAL char(44 ),
COMM char(44 ),
DEPTNO char(44 )
)

--下面我们先truncate表emp,然后尝试使用sqlldr来装载数据
scott@SYBO2SZ> truncate table emp;

Table truncated.

--装载数据到emp
robin@SZDB:/u02/database/SYBO2SZ/BNR/dump> sqlldr scott/tiger control=emp.ctl data=emp.dat direct=true

SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Jan 14 15:45:39 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Load completed - logical record count 14.

2、批量卸载数据

--使用下面的匿名pl/sql块可以实现批量卸载数据,此处不演示
DECLARE
   l_rows   NUMBER;
   v_sql    VARCHAR2 (200);

   CURSOR cur_tab
   IS
      SELECT table_name FROM user_tables;-->这里定义需要卸载的表,可以单独指定一个表用于存放需要卸载的对象,此处直接查询数据字典
BEGIN
   FOR tab_name IN cur_tab
   LOOP
      v_sql := 'select * from ' || tab_name.table_name;
      l_rows :=
         unloader.run (p_query        => v_sql,
                       p_tname        => tab_name.table_name,
                       p_mode         => 'replace',
                       p_dir          => 'DB_DUMP_DIR',
                       p_filename     => tab_name.table_name,
                       p_separator    => ',',
                       p_enclosure    => '"',
                       p_terminator   => '~');
-- Author : Leshami
-- Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami

      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (TO_CHAR (l_rows) || ' rows extracted to ascii file');
   END LOOP;
END;
/

3、卸载数据原始脚本

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/tom> more unloader_pkg.sql 
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE unloader
   AUTHID CURRENT_USER
AS
   /* Function run -- unloads data from any query into a file
   and creates a control file to reload that
   data into another table
   --注释信息给出了比较详细的描述
   p_query = SQL query to "unload". May be virtually any query.
   p_tname = Table to load into. Will be put into control file.
    p_mode = REPLACE|APPEND|TRUNCATE -- how to reload the data
    p_dir = directory we will write the ctl and dat file to.
    p_filename = name of file to write to. I will add .ctl and .dat
    to this name
    p_separator = field delimiter. I default this to a comma.
    p_enclosure = what each field will be wrapped in
    p_terminator = end of line character. We use this so we can unload
    and reload data with newlines in it. I default to
    "|\n" (a pipe and a newline together) and "|\r\n" on NT.
    You need only to override this if you believe your
    data will have that sequence in it. I ALWAYS add the
    OS "end of line" marker to this sequence, you should not
    */
   FUNCTION run (p_query        IN VARCHAR2,
                 p_tname        IN VARCHAR2,
                 p_mode         IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'REPLACE',
                 p_dir          IN VARCHAR2,
                 p_filename     IN VARCHAR2,
                 p_separator    IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT ',',
                 p_enclosure    IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT '"',
                 p_terminator   IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT '|')
      RETURN NUMBER;
END;
/

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY unloader
AS
   g_thecursor   INTEGER DEFAULT DBMS_SQL.open_cursor;
   g_desctbl     DBMS_SQL.desc_tab;
   g_nl          VARCHAR2 (2) DEFAULT CHR (10);

   FUNCTION to_hex (p_str IN VARCHAR2)
      RETURN VARCHAR2
   IS
   BEGIN
      RETURN TO_CHAR (ASCII (p_str), 'fm0x');
   END;

   FUNCTION is_windows
      RETURN BOOLEAN
   IS
      l_cfiles   VARCHAR2 (4000);
      l_dummy    NUMBER;
   BEGIN
      IF (DBMS_UTILITY.get_parameter_value ('control_files', l_dummy, l_cfiles) > 0)
      THEN
         RETURN INSTR (l_cfiles, '\') > 0;
      ELSE
         RETURN FALSE;
      END IF;
   END;

   PROCEDURE dump_ctl (p_dir          IN VARCHAR2,
                       p_filename     IN VARCHAR2,
                       p_tname        IN VARCHAR2,
                       p_mode         IN VARCHAR2,
                       p_separator    IN VARCHAR2,
                       p_enclosure    IN VARCHAR2,
                       p_terminator   IN VARCHAR2)
   IS
      l_output   UTL_FILE.file_type;
      l_sep      VARCHAR2 (5);
      l_str      VARCHAR2 (5) := CHR (10);
   BEGIN
      IF (is_windows)
      THEN
         l_str := CHR (13) || CHR (10);
      END IF;

      l_output := UTL_FILE.fopen (p_dir, p_filename || '.ctl', 'w');

      UTL_FILE.put_line (l_output, 'load data');
      UTL_FILE.put_line (l_output, 'infile ''' || p_filename || '.dat'' "str x''' || UTL_RAW.cast_to_raw (p_terminator || l_str) || '''"');
      UTL_FILE.put_line (l_output, 'into table ' || p_tname);
      UTL_FILE.put_line (l_output, p_mode);
      UTL_FILE.put_line (l_output, 'fields terminated by X''' || to_hex (p_separator) || ''' enclosed by X''' || to_hex (p_enclosure) || ''' ');
      UTL_FILE.put_line (l_output, '(');

      FOR i IN 1 .. g_desctbl.COUNT
      LOOP
         IF (g_desctbl (i).col_type = 12)
         THEN
            UTL_FILE.put (l_output, l_sep || g_desctbl (i).col_name || ' date ''ddmmyyyyhh24miss'' ');
         ELSE
            UTL_FILE.put (l_output, l_sep || g_desctbl (i).col_name || ' char(' || TO_CHAR (g_desctbl (i).col_max_len * 2) || ' )');
         END IF;

         l_sep := ',' || g_nl;
      END LOOP;

      UTL_FILE.put_line (l_output, g_nl || ')');
      UTL_FILE.fclose (l_output);
   END;

   FUNCTION quote (p_str IN VARCHAR2, p_enclosure IN VARCHAR2)
      RETURN VARCHAR2
   IS
   BEGIN
      RETURN p_enclosure || REPLACE (p_str, p_enclosure, p_enclosure || p_enclosure) || p_enclosure;
   END;

   FUNCTION run (p_query        IN VARCHAR2,
                 p_tname        IN VARCHAR2,
                 p_mode         IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'REPLACE',
                 p_dir          IN VARCHAR2,
                 p_filename     IN VARCHAR2,
                 p_separator    IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT ',',
                 p_enclosure    IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT '"',
                 p_terminator   IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT '|')
      RETURN NUMBER
   IS
      l_output        UTL_FILE.file_type;
      l_columnvalue   VARCHAR2 (4000);
      l_colcnt        NUMBER DEFAULT 0;
      l_separator     VARCHAR2 (10) DEFAULT '';
      l_cnt           NUMBER DEFAULT 0;
      l_line          LONG;
      l_datefmt       VARCHAR2 (255);
      l_desctbl       DBMS_SQL.desc_tab;
   BEGIN
      SELECT VALUE
        INTO l_datefmt
        FROM nls_session_parameters
       WHERE parameter = 'NLS_DATE_FORMAT';

      /*
      Set the date format to a big numeric string. Avoids
      all NLS issues and saves both the time and date.
      */
      EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'alter session set nls_date_format=''ddmmyyyyhh24miss'' ';

      /*
      Set up an exception block so that in the event of any
      error, we can at least reset the date format.
      */
      BEGIN
         /*
         Parse and describe the query. We reset the
         descTbl to an empty table so .count on it
         will be reliable.
         */
         DBMS_SQL.parse (g_thecursor, p_query, DBMS_SQL.native);
         g_desctbl := l_desctbl;
         DBMS_SQL.describe_columns (g_thecursor, l_colcnt, g_desctbl);

         /*
         Create a control file to reload this data
         into the desired table.
         */
         dump_ctl (p_dir,
                   p_filename,
                   p_tname,
                   p_mode,
                   p_separator,
                   p_enclosure,
                   p_terminator);

         /*
         Bind every single column to a varchar2(4000). We don't care
         if we are fetching a number or a date or whatever.
         Everything can be a string.
         */
         FOR i IN 1 .. l_colcnt
         LOOP
            DBMS_SQL.define_column (g_thecursor,
                                    i,
                                    l_columnvalue,
                                    4000);
         END LOOP;

         /*
         Run the query - ignore the output of execute. It is only
         valid when the DML is an insert/update or delete.
         */
         l_cnt := DBMS_SQL.execute (g_thecursor);

         /*
         Open the file to write output to and then write the
         delimited data to it.
         */
         l_output :=
            UTL_FILE.fopen (p_dir,
                            p_filename || '.dat',
                            'w',
                            32760);

         LOOP
            EXIT WHEN (DBMS_SQL.fetch_rows (g_thecursor) <= 0);
            l_separator := '';
            l_line := NULL;

            FOR i IN 1 .. l_colcnt
            LOOP
               DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE (g_thecursor, i, l_columnvalue);
               l_line := l_line || l_separator || quote (l_columnvalue, p_enclosure);
               l_separator := p_separator;
            END LOOP;

            l_line := l_line || p_terminator;
            UTL_FILE.put_line (l_output, l_line);
            l_cnt := l_cnt + 1;
         END LOOP;

         UTL_FILE.fclose (l_output);

         /*
         Now reset the date format and return the number of rows
         written to the output file.
         */
         EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'alter session set nls_date_format=''' || l_datefmt || '''';

         RETURN l_cnt;
      EXCEPTION
         /*
         In the event of ANY error, reset the data format and
         re-raise the error.
         */
         WHEN OTHERS
         THEN
            EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'alter session set nls_date_format=''' || l_datefmt || '''';

            RAISE;
      END;
   END run;
END unloader;
/


4、小结
a、本文描述了单表以及多表如何高速卸载数据,并且批量生成sqlldr的控制文件及数据文件
b、包调用者应该对unloader其具有execute权限以及表上的select权限
c、包主要是通过utl_file来写出到控制文件和数据文件,有关utl_file用法可参考:PL/SQL-->UTL_FILE包的使用介绍
d、Tom大师的这个包支持lob数据类型,但其字节不能大于4000,以及不支持long raw

 

Oracle 牛鹏社    Oracle DBsupport

更多参考

使用 DBMS_PROFILER 定位 PL/SQL 瓶颈代码

使用PL/SQL Developer剖析PL/SQL代码

对比 PL/SQL profiler 剖析结果

PL/SQL Profiler 剖析报告生成html

DML Error Logging 特性 

PL/SQL --> 游标

PL/SQL --> 隐式游标(SQL%FOUND)

批量SQL之 FORALL 语句

批量SQL之 BULK COLLECT 子句

PL/SQL 集合的初始化与赋值

PL/SQL 联合数组与嵌套表
PL/SQL 变长数组
PL/SQL --> PL/SQL记录

SQL tuning 步骤

高效SQL语句必杀技

父游标、子游标及共享游标

绑定变量及其优缺点

dbms_xplan之display_cursor函数的使用

dbms_xplan之display函数的使用

执行计划中各字段各模块描述

使用 EXPLAIN PLAN 获取SQL语句执行计划

你可能感兴趣的:(-----SQL/Shell,脚本)