ElasticSearch常用的几种查询方式
elasticsearch的命令行操作增删改查使用restful方式操作，总体有三种：
- kibana方式
- postman的http请求
- linux系统下的curl方式
本文主要介绍使用postman怎样对ES进行操作。着重介绍ES的查询方式
目录
1 term查询（精准查询）
2 math查询（分词匹配查询）
3 fuzzy查询（模糊查询）
4 wildcard(通配符查询)
5 bool查询（布尔查询）
6其他知识点
1 term查询（精准查询）
- term是ES中的精准查询，不会参与ES分词查询。
http://192.168.25.128:9200/myname/_search
{
"query":{
"term":{
"name":"zhangsan"
}
}
}
//查询结果
{
"took": 18,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 0.30685282,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 0.30685282,
"_source": {
"id": "3",
"name": "zhangsan",
"age": 20,
"sex": 1,
"description": "张三是数据库工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
}
]
}
}- terms 查询是term的扩展，可以支持多个vlaue匹配，只需要一个匹配就可以了。
http://192.168.25.128:9200/myname/_search
{
"query":{
"terms":{
"name":["zhangsan","lisi"]
}
}
}
//查询结果
{
"took": 17,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 0.25427115,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.25427115,
"_source": {
"id": "2",
"name": "lisi",
"age": 12,
"sex": 1,
"description": "李四是个工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 0.04500804,
"_source": {
"id": "3",
"name": "zhangsan",
"age": 20,
"sex": 1,
"description": "张三是数据库工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
}
]
2 math查询（分词匹配查询）
match查询是按ES分词的倒排表进行查询，而keyword不会被分词，match的需要跟keyword的完全匹配可以。可以用于一般性的匹配查询。
- match_all
match_all可以用于查询全部信息。
http://192.168.25.128:9200/myname/_search
{
"query":{
"match_all":{
}
}
}
//查询结果
{
"took": 8,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 5,
"max_score": 1.0,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "5",
"_score": 1.0,
"_source": {
"id": "5",
"name": "zhangsan1",
"age": 25,
"sex": 1,
"description": "zhangsan",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1.0,
"_source": {
"id": "2",
"name": "lisi",
"age": 12,
"sex": 1,
"description": "李四是个工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "4",
"_score": 1.0,
"_source": {
"id": "4",
"name": "马六工程师",
"age": 25,
"sex": 1,
"description": "马六是前端工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1.0,
"_source": {
"id": "1",
"name": "wangwu",
"age": 25,
"sex": 1,
"description": "王五是个java开发工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 1.0,
"_source": {
"id": "3",
"name": "zhangsan",
"age": 20,
"sex": 1,
"description": "张三是数据库工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
}
]
}- match
mathc是单个字段进行分词匹配查询。
http://192.168.25.128:9200/myname/_search
{
"query":{
"match":{
"name":"zhangsan"
}
}
}
//查询结果
{
"took": 11,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 0.8784157,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "6",
"_score": 0.8784157,
"_source": {
"id": "6",
"name": "zhangsan lisi",
"age": 30,
"sex": 1,
"description": "zhangsan and lisi",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 0.30685282,
"_source": {
"id": "3",
"name": "zhangsan",
"age": 20,
"sex": 1,
"description": "张三是数据库工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
}
]
}
}- multi_match
multi_match是多字段进行匹配查询。
http://192.168.25.128:9200/myname/_search
{
"query":{
"multi_match":{
"query":"zhangsan",
"fields":["name","description"]
}
}
}
//查询结果
{
"took": 18,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": 0.8784157,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "6",
"_score": 0.8784157,
"_source": {
"id": "6",
"name": "zhangsan lisi",
"age": 30,
"sex": 1,
"description": "zhangsan and lisi",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "5",
"_score": 0.09415865,
"_source": {
"id": "5",
"name": "zhangsan1",
"age": 25,
"sex": 1,
"description": "zhangsan",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 0.09415865,
"_source": {
"id": "3",
"name": "zhangsan",
"age": 20,
"sex": 1,
"description": "张三是数据库工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
}
]
}
}- match_phrase
在执行短语匹配查询时，ElasticSearch引擎首先分析（analyze）查询字符串，从分析后的文本中构建短语查询，这意味着必须匹配短语中的所有分词，并且保证各个分词的相对位置不变。
http://192.168.25.128:9200/myname/_search
{
"query":{
"match_phrase":{
"name":"zhangsan lisi"
}
}
}
//查询结果
{
"took": 14,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 1.5034157,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "6",
"_score": 1.5034157,
"_source": {
"id": "6",
"name": "zhangsan lisi",
"age": 30,
"sex": 1,
"description": "zhangsan and lisi",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
}
]
}
}3 fuzzy查询（模糊查询）
fuzzy查询可以用于纠正去拼写的问题。
fuzziness是可以允许纠正错误拼写的个数
http://192.168.25.128:9200/myname/_search
{
"query":{
"fuzzy":{
"name":{
"value":"lisss",
"fuzziness":2
}
}
}
}
//查询结果
{
"took": 19,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 1.0,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1.0,
"_source": {
"id": "2",
"name": "lisi",
"age": 12,
"sex": 1,
"description": "李四是个工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "6",
"_score": 0.625,
"_source": {
"id": "6",
"name": "zhangsan lisi",
"age": 30,
"sex": 1,
"description": "zhangsan and lisi",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
}
]
}4 wildcard(通配符查询)
- 通配符查询允许我们指定一个模式来匹配，而不需要指定完整的trem，匹配的方式类似于match的分词匹配查询。
- ?将会匹配如何字符；*将会匹配零个或者多个字符。
http://192.168.25.128:9200/myname/_search
{
"query":{
"wildcard":{
"name":"li*"
}
}
}
//查询结果
{
"took": 12,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 1.0,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1.0,
"_source": {
"id": "2",
"name": "lisi",
"age": 12,
"sex": 1,
"description": "李四是个工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "6",
"_score": 1.0,
"_source": {
"id": "6",
"name": "zhangsan lisi",
"age": 30,
"sex": 1,
"description": "zhangsan and lisi",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
}
]
}
}5 bool查询（布尔查询）
bool查询本身没有查询功能，而是基于逻辑值使用前面几种查询方式进行组合查询。
- should方式
http://192.168.25.128:9200/myname/_search
{
"query":{
"bool":{
"should":[
{ "match" : { "name":"zhangsan" }},
{ "match" : { "name":"lisi"}}
]
}
}
}
//查询结果
{
"took": 10,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": 1.078072,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "6",
"_score": 1.078072,
"_source": {
"id": "6",
"name": "zhangsan lisi",
"age": 30,
"sex": 1,
"description": "zhangsan and lisi",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.28986934,
"_source": {
"id": "2",
"name": "lisi",
"age": 12,
"sex": 1,
"description": "李四是个工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 0.04500804,
"_source": {
"id": "3",
"name": "zhangsan",
"age": 20,
"sex": 1,
"description": "张三是数据库工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
}
]
}
}- must方式
http://192.168.25.128:9200/myname/_search
{
"query":{
"bool":{
"must":[
{
"match":{
"name":"zhangsan"
}},
{
"match":{
"name":"lisi"
}}
]
}
}
}
//查询结果
{
"took": 17,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 1.078072,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "6",
"_score": 1.078072,
"_source": {
"id": "6",
"name": "zhangsan lisi",
"age": 30,
"sex": 1,
"description": "zhangsan and lisi",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
}
]
}
}- must_not
http://192.168.25.128:9200/myname/_search
{
"query":{
"bool":{
"must_not":[
{
"match":{
"name":"zhangsan"
}},
{
"match":{
"name":"lisi"
}}
]
}
}
}
//查询结果
{
"took": 20,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": 1.0,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "5",
"_score": 1.0,
"_source": {
"id": "5",
"name": "zhangsan1",
"age": 25,
"sex": 1,
"description": "zhangsan",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "4",
"_score": 1.0,
"_source": {
"id": "4",
"name": "马六工程师",
"age": 25,
"sex": 1,
"description": "马六是前端工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1.0,
"_source": {
"id": "1",
"name": "wangwu",
"age": 25,
"sex": 1,
"description": "王五是个java开发工程师",
"createTime": null,
"updateTime": null
}
}
]
}
}6其他知识点
- 取特定字段（_source）
- 分页(size ,from)
- 排序(sort)
http://192.168.25.128:9200/myname/_search
{
"_source":["name","description"],
"query":{
"match":{
"name":"lisi?"
}
},
"size":2,
"from":0,
"sort":{
"age":{"order":"desc"}
}
}
//查询方式
{
"took": 341,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": null,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "6",
"_score": null,
"_source": {
"name": "zhangsan lisi",
"description": "zhangsan and lisi"
},
"sort": [
30
]
},
{
"_index": "myname",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "2",
"_score": null,
"_source": {
"name": "lisi",
"description": "李四是个工程师"
},
"sort": [
12
]
}
]
}
}