阿里云 CentOS7.4，静默安装Oracle11g2的教程

最近在阿里云上买了一个服务器，CentOS7.4的操作系统，从买来到搭建java环境以及安装oracle 11g，也是折腾了好多天，今天才把oracle11g的安装过程整理出来。

1.建立swap分区（我自己的服务器内存只有1G）

dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=2097152 #bs为单位，count为设置的大小2048*1024
mkswap  /home/swap     #格式化交换文件
swapon  /home/swap     #立即启用交换分区文件, 要停止使用新创建的swap文件,只要执行 swapoff/home/swap命令即可.

查看分区情况 free -m

vim /etc/fstab 添加一行
/home/swap             swap          swap    defaults        0 0

否则重启后 swap分区会失效

2.创建用户和用户组

groupadd oinstall　　　　　　　　　　　　　#创建用户组oinstall
groupadd dba　　      　　　　　　　　　　 #创建用户组dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle　　#创建oracle用户，并加入到oinstall和dba用户组
groups oracle  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#查询用户组是否授权成功
passwd oracle　　     　　　　　　　　　　 #设置用户oracle的登陆密码，不设置密码，在CentOS的图形登陆界面没法登陆
id oracle                   　　　　　　 #查看新建的oracle用户

3.创建安装目录和权限

mkdir -p /data/oracle　　#oracle数据库安装目录
mkdir -p /data/oraInventory　　#oracle数据库配置文件目录
mkdir -p /data/database　　#oracle数据库软件包解压目录
cd /data
ll　　	    #创建完毕检查一下
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle　　#设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database

4.修改OS系统标识

vi /etc/redhat-release

修改成redhat-7

5.关闭防火墙和selinux（阿里云中已经关闭）

6.修改内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf 增加如下内容：

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
#设置最大打开文件数
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
#共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmall = 2097152
#最大共享内存的段大小
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
#整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
#可使用的IPv4端口范围
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576

sysctl -p #文件生效

vi /etc/security/limits.conf 增加如下内容：

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

7.配置oracle用户的环境变量

vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
#oracle启动数据库实例名
export ORACLE_SID=orcl11g
#添加系统环境变量
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

8.安装需要的rpm包

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXtst sysstat ksh make libXi compat-libcap1

rpm -qa | grep * 可以检测是否安装成功

9.解压两个安装文件到对应的文件夹下(自行修改对应的目录)

unzip /opt/soft/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/
unzip /opt/soft/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/

10.修改安装配置信息

vim /data/database/database/db_install.rsp

####################################################################
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2008. All rights reserved.##
##                                                                ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize     ##
## your installation.                                             ##
##                                                                ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment        ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate        ##
## values.                                                        ##
##                                                                ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and    ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user  ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation.                ##
##                                                                ##
####################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value. 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
# 1. INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
# 2. INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
# 3. UPGRADE_DB
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used
# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the
# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames 
# and network interfaces)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=liumingpp

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.  
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/oraInventory

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed.             
#
# en   : English                  ja   : Japanese                  
# fr   : French                   ko   : Korean                    
# ar   : Arabic                   es   : Latin American Spanish    
# bn   : Bengali                  lv   : Latvian                   
# pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese     lt   : Lithuanian                
# bg   : Bulgarian                ms   : Malay                     
# fr_CA: Canadian French          es_MX: Mexican Spanish           
# ca   : Catalan                  no   : Norwegian                 
# hr   : Croatian                 pl   : Polish                    
# cs   : Czech                    pt   : Portuguese                
# da   : Danish                   ro   : Romanian                  
# nl   : Dutch                    ru   : Russian                   
# ar_EG: Egyptian                 zh_CN: Simplified Chinese        
# en_GB: English (Great Britain)  sk   : Slovak                    
# et   : Estonian                 sl   : Slovenian                 
# fi   : Finnish                  es_ES: Spanish                   
# de   : German                   sv   : Swedish                   
# el   : Greek                    th   : Thai                      
# iw   : Hebrew                   zh_TW: Traditional Chinese       
# hu   : Hungarian                tr   : Turkish                   
# is   : Icelandic                uk   : Ukrainian                 
# in   : Indonesian               vi   : Vietnamese                
# it   : Italian                                                   
#
# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=zh_CN,en

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.                        
#                                                             
# The value should contain only one of these choices.        
# EE     : Enterprise Edition                                
# SE     : Standard Edition                                  
# SEONE  : Standard Edition One
# PE     : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install.
#
# true  : Components mentioned as part of 'customComponents' property
#         are considered for install.
# false : Value for 'customComponents' is not considered.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is considered only if 'IsCustomInstall' is set to true. 
#
# Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to install.
#
#              The following choices are available. You may specify any
#              combination of these choices.  The components you choose should
#              be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"
#              Below is a list of components you may specify to install.
#        
#              oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Partitioning
#              oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Data Mining
#              oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Database Vault 
#              oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Label Security
#              oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Real Application Testing 
#              oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle OLAP
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS                                          #
# ------------------------------------------                                  #
# Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges       #
# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the   #
# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below.       #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of database to create.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING          
# - DATA_WAREHOUSE                                
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name. 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database SID.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=sidOracle11GR2

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database character set.
#                                              
# It can be one of the following:
# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,
# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,
# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,
# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,
# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,
# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,
# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management 
# in Database is desired.
# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
# is to be done manually, then set it to false.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be
# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available 
# on the system.
# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto the starter
# database or not.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles
# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default. 
# These settings may also be disabled.    
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true

###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
# Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the             #
# starter database:                                                           #
#   SYS                                                                       #
#   SYSTEM                                                                    #
#   SYSMAN (used by Enterprise Manager)                                       #
#   DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager)                                       #
#                                                                             #
# Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended)                #
# or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended)       #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
# starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=******

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSMAN password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database. 
# It can be one of the following:
# 1. GRID_CONTROL
# 2. DB_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage 
# the database.      
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable indicates whether to receive email notification for critical 
# alerts when using DB control.   
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the email address to which the notifications are to be sent.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SMTP server used for email notifications.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=


###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
# SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS                                         #
# ------------------------------------                                        #
# Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned    #
# using the entries below.                                                    #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else 
# this can be set to true.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if 
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system 
# user that is specified in this variable.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if 
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system user
# specified by the above entry. The following entry stores the password for the
# above operating system user.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.
# It can be one of the following:
# - FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
# - ASM_STORAGE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control
# files, redo logs.         
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the backup and recovery location.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.                  
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_SYSTEM 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.
#
#  Example   : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=metalink
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.
#
# Example    : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for
# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.
# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.
#
# Example    : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether user wants to give any proxy details for connection. 
# The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed
# to be false.
#
# Example    : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.
#
# Example    : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_HOST=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and atleast 2 chars.
#
# Example    : PROXY_PORT=25 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PORT=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD 
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example    : PROXY_USER=username 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_USER=

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD  
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example    : PROXY_PWD=password 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PWD=

11.进行安装

su - oracle #切换为oracle执行以下安装操作
cd /data/database/database
./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /data/database/database/response/db_install.rsp

12.使用root用户运行

su - root
/data/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

13.配置tnsnames.ora

vim /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

#新增如下内容：

alioracle =
	 (DESCRIPTION = 
	 	(ADDRESS_LIST = 
	 		(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 主机名称hostname)(PORT = 1521)) 
	 	) 
	 	(CONNECT_DATA = 
	 		(SERVICE_NAME = orcl) 
	 	) 
)

14.建库

cd /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
./dbca -silent -responseFile /data/database/database/response/dbca.rsp

#需要输入oracle用的 用户名和密码

15.配置listener.ora

vim /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

#新增如下内容：
LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION_LIST=(DESCRIPTION=
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=主机名称hostname)(PORT=1521))  
  )
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER= 
	(SID_LIST= 
		(SID_DESC= 
			(GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl) 
			(SID_NAME=orcl11g) 
			(ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
			 (PRESPAWN_MAX=20) 
			 (PRESPAWN_LIST= 
			 (PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1))
		)
	)
)

16.去阿里云控制台，找到安全组，去添加1521端口的配置规则，否则用公网ip连接不到oracle数据库,

这一步很关键，否则无法用公网ip远程连接。

17.接下来用sqlplus去创建用户的id以及分配权限

create user product identified by product;
grant connect, resource to product;

grant select on V_$session to product;
grant select on V_$sesstat to product;
grant select on V_$statname to product;

后面就可以用plsql工具去远程连接安装好的oracle数据库。

附：oracle实例的启动和启动监听

su - oracle #切换到oracle用户
lsbrctl start #启动
lsnrctl stop #停止
sdnrctl status #查看listener的状态

sqlplus "/as sysdba" #以sysdba的身份登陆
strartup

可以telnet一下 公网ip 1521，查看下网络是否连通，然后就可以用plsql工具去远程登陆了。

具体的安装步骤就这么多了，如有不足和错误的地方欢迎来指正，谢谢！

文章参考:

https://www.jianshu.com/p/7470295689d8

https://www.cnblogs.com/xibei666/p/5935219.html

http://www.111cn.net/sys/CentOS/105946.htm