框架基础--WSGI、min-web框架 实现一个mini框架
阅读目录
- WSGI、min-web框架
- 服务器动态资源请求
- 应用程序示例
- Web动态服务器-基本实现
- mini web框架-1-文件结构
- mini web框架-2-显示页面
- mini web框架-3-替换模板
- mini web框架添加路由、MySQL功能
- mini web框架-4-路由
- 伪静态、静态和动态的区别
- mini-web框架-实现伪静态url
- 准备数据库建库数据
- mini-web框架-从mysql中查询数据
- mini-web框架-组装数据为html格式
- mini-web框架 添加日志、路由支持正则表达式
- mini-web框架-路由支持正则
- mini-web框架-mysql-增
- mini-web框架-mysql-删
- mini-web框架-mysql-改
- mini-web框架-url编码
- logging日志模块
WSGI、min-web框架
服务器动态资源请求
-
浏览器请求动态页面过程
-
WSGI
怎么在你刚建立的Web服务器上运行一个Django应用和Flask应用，如何不做任何改变而适应不同的web架构呢？在以前，选择Python web 架构会受制于可用的web服务器，反之亦然。如果架构和服务器可以协同工作，那就好了：
但有可能面对（或者曾有过）下面的问题，当要把一个服务器和一个架构结合起来时，却发现他们不是被设计成协同工作的：
那么，怎么可以不修改服务器和架构代码而确保可以在多个架构下运行web服务器呢？答案就是Python Web Server Gateway Interface (或简称WSGI，读作“wizgy”)。
WSGI允许开发者将选择web框架和web服务器分开。可以混合匹配web服务器和web框架，选择一个适合的配对。比如,可以在Gunicorn或者Nginx/uWSGI或者Waitress上运行Django, Flask,或Pyramid。真正的混合匹配，得益于WSGI同时支持服务器和架构：
web服务器必须具备WSGI接口，所有的现代Python Web框架都已具备WSGI接口，它让你不对代码作修改就能使服务器和特点的web框架协同工作。
WSGI由web服务器支持，而web框架允许你选择适合自己的配对，但它同样对于服务器和框架开发者提供便利使他们可以专注于自己偏爱的领域和专长而不至于相互牵制。其他语言也有类似接口：java有Servlet API，Ruby 有Rack。
- 定义WSGI接口
WSGI接口定义非常简单，它只要求Web开发者实现一个函数，就可以响应HTTP请求。我们来看一个最简单的Web版本的“Hello World!”：
def application(environ, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')])
return 'Hello World!'
上面的application()函数就是符合WSGI标准的一个HTTP处理函数，它接收两个参数：
environ：一个包含所有HTTP请求信息的dict对象；
start_response：一个发送HTTP响应的函数。
整个application()函数本身没有涉及到任何解析HTTP的部分，也就是说，把底层web服务器解析部分和应用程序逻辑部分进行了分离，这样开发者就可以专心做一个领域了
不过，等等，这个application()函数怎么调用？如果我们自己调用，两个参数environ和start_response我们没法提供，返回的str也没法发给浏览器。
所以application()函数必须由WSGI服务器来调用。有很多符合WSGI规范的服务器。而我们此时的web服务器项目的目的就是做一个既能解析静态网页还可以解析动态网页的服务器
- web服务器-----WSGI协议---->web框架传递的字典
{
'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE': 'zh-cn',
'wsgi.file_wrapper': <built-infunctionuwsgi_sendfile>,
'HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS': '1',
'uwsgi.version': b'2.0.15',
'REMOTE_ADDR': '172.16.7.1',
'wsgi.errors': <_io.TextIOWrappername=2mode='w'encoding='UTF-8'>,
'wsgi.version': (1,0),
'REMOTE_PORT': '40432',
'REQUEST_URI': '/',
'SERVER_PORT': '8000',
'wsgi.multithread': False,
'HTTP_ACCEPT': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
'HTTP_HOST': '172.16.7.152: 8000',
'wsgi.run_once': False,
'wsgi.input': <uwsgi._Inputobjectat0x7f7faecdc9c0>,
'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1',
'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET',
'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING': 'gzip,deflate',
'HTTP_CONNECTION': 'keep-alive',
'uwsgi.node': b'ubuntu',
'HTTP_DNT': '1',
'UWSGI_ROUTER': 'http',
'SCRIPT_NAME': '',
'wsgi.multiprocess': False,
'QUERY_STRING': '',
'PATH_INFO': '/index.html',
'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http',
'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0(Macintosh;IntelMacOSX10_12_5)AppleWebKit/603.2.4(KHTML,likeGecko)Version/10.1.1Safari/603.2.4',
'SERVER_NAME': 'ubuntu'
}
应用程序示例
import time
def application(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
return str(environ) + '==Hello world from a simple WSGI application!--->%s\n' % time.ctime()
Web动态服务器-基本实现
- 文件结构
├── web_server.py
├── web
│ └── my_web.py
└── html
└── index.html
.....
- web/my_web.py
import time
def application(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
return str(environ) + '==Hello world from a simple WSGI application!--->%s\n' % time.ctime()
- web_server.py
import select
import time
import socket
import sys
import re
import multiprocessing
class WSGIServer(object):
"""定义一个WSGI服务器的类"""
def __init__(self, port, documents_root, app):
# 1. 创建套接字
self.server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# 2. 绑定本地信息
self.server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
self.server_socket.bind(("", port))
# 3. 变为监听套接字
self.server_socket.listen(128)
# 设定资源文件的路径
self.documents_root = documents_root
# 设定web框架可以调用的函数(对象)
self.app = app
def run_forever(self):
"""运行服务器"""
# 等待对方链接
while True:
new_socket, new_addr = self.server_socket.accept()
# 创建一个新的进程来完成这个客户端的请求任务
new_socket.settimeout(3) # 3s
new_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=self.deal_with_request, args=(new_socket,))
new_process.start()
new_socket.close()
def deal_with_request(self, client_socket):
"""以长链接的方式，为这个浏览器服务器"""
while True:
try:
request = client_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
except Exception as ret:
print("========>", ret)
client_socket.close()
return
# 判断浏览器是否关闭
if not request:
client_socket.close()
return
request_lines = request.splitlines()
for i, line in enumerate(request_lines):
print(i, line)
# 提取请求的文件(index.html)
# GET /a/b/c/d/e/index.html HTTP/1.1
ret = re.match(r"([^/]*)([^ ]+)", request_lines[0])
if ret:
print("正则提取数据:", ret.group(1))
print("正则提取数据:", ret.group(2))
file_name = ret.group(2)
if file_name == "/":
file_name = "/index.html"
# 如果不是以py结尾的文件，认为是普通的文件
if not file_name.endswith(".py"):
# 读取文件数据
try:
f = open(self.documents_root+file_name, "rb")
except:
response_body = "file not found, 请输入正确的url"
response_header = "HTTP/1.1 404 not found\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Length: %d\r\n" % (len(response_body))
response_header += "\r\n"
response = response_header + response_body
# 将header返回给浏览器
client_socket.send(response.encode('utf-8'))
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
response_body = content
response_header = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Length: %d\r\n" % (len(response_body))
response_header += "\r\n"
# 将header返回给浏览器
client_socket.send(response_header.encode('utf-8') + response_body)
# 以.py结尾的文件，就认为是浏览需要动态的页面
else:
# 准备一个字典，里面存放需要传递给web框架的数据
env = {}
# 存web返回的数据
response_body = self.app(env, self.set_response_headers)
# 合并header和body
response_header = "HTTP/1.1 {status}\r\n".format(status=self.headers[0])
response_header += "Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Length: %d\r\n" % len(response_body)
for temp_head in self.headers[1]:
response_header += "{0}:{1}\r\n".format(*temp_head)
response = response_header + "\r\n"
response += response_body
client_socket.send(response.encode('utf-8'))
def set_response_headers(self, status, headers):
"""这个方法，会在 web框架中被默认调用"""
response_header_default = [
("Data", time.ctime()),
("Server", "ItCast-python mini web server")
]
# 将状态码/相应头信息存储起来
# [字符串, [xxxxx, xxx2]]
self.headers = [status, response_header_default + headers]
# 设置静态资源访问的路径
g_static_document_root = "./html"
# 设置动态资源访问的路径
g_dynamic_document_root = "./web"
def main():
"""控制web服务器整体"""
# python3 xxxx.py 7890
if len(sys.argv) == 3:
# 获取web服务器的port
port = sys.argv[1]
if port.isdigit():
port = int(port)
# 获取web服务器需要动态资源时，访问的web框架名字
web_frame_module_app_name = sys.argv[2]
else:
print("运行方式如: python3 xxx.py 7890 my_web_frame_name:application")
return
print("http服务器使用的port:%s" % port)
# 将动态路径即存放py文件的路径，添加到path中，这样python就能够找到这个路径了
sys.path.append(g_dynamic_document_root)
ret = re.match(r"([^:]*):(.*)", web_frame_module_app_name)
if ret:
# 获取模块名
web_frame_module_name = ret.group(1)
# 获取可以调用web框架的应用名称
app_name = ret.group(2)
# 导入web框架的主模块
web_frame_module = __import__(web_frame_module_name)
# 获取那个可以直接调用的函数(对象)
app = getattr(web_frame_module, app_name)
# print(app) # for test
# 启动http服务器
http_server = WSGIServer(port, g_static_document_root, app)
# 运行http服务器
http_server.run_forever()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
- 运行
（1）打开终端，输入以下命令开始服务器
python3 web_server.py my_web:application
（2）打开浏览器
mini web框架-1-文件结构
- 文件结构
├── dynamic ---存放py模块
│ └── my_web.py
├── templates ---存放模板文件
│ ├── center.html
│ ├── index.html
│ ├── location.html
│ └── update.html
├── static ---存放静态的资源文件
│ ├── css
│ │ ├── bootstrap.min.css
│ │ ├── main.css
│ │ └── swiper.min.css
│ └── js
│ ├── a.js
│ ├── bootstrap.min.js
│ ├── jquery-1.12.4.js
│ ├── jquery-1.12.4.min.js
│ ├── jquery.animate-colors.js
│ ├── jquery.animate-colors-min.js
│ ├── jquery.cookie.js
│ ├── jquery-ui.min.js
│ ├── server.js
│ ├── swiper.jquery.min.js
│ ├── swiper.min.js
│ └── zepto.min.js
└── web_server.py ---mini web服务器
- my_web.py
import time
def application(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
return str(environ) + '==Hello world from a simple WSGI application!--->%s\n' % time.ctime()
- web_server.py
import select
import time
import socket
import sys
import re
import multiprocessing
class WSGIServer(object):
"""定义一个WSGI服务器的类"""
def __init__(self, port, documents_root, app):
# 1. 创建套接字
self.server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# 2. 绑定本地信息
self.server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
self.server_socket.bind(("", port))
# 3. 变为监听套接字
self.server_socket.listen(128)
# 设定资源文件的路径
self.documents_root = documents_root
# 设定web框架可以调用的函数(对象)
self.app = app
def run_forever(self):
"""运行服务器"""
# 等待对方链接
while True:
new_socket, new_addr = self.server_socket.accept()
# 创建一个新的进程来完成这个客户端的请求任务
new_socket.settimeout(3) # 3s
new_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=self.deal_with_request, args=(new_socket,))
new_process.start()
new_socket.close()
def deal_with_request(self, client_socket):
"""以长链接的方式，为这个浏览器服务器"""
while True:
try:
request = client_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
except Exception as ret:
print("========>", ret)
client_socket.close()
return
# 判断浏览器是否关闭
if not request:
client_socket.close()
return
request_lines = request.splitlines()
for i, line in enumerate(request_lines):
print(i, line)
# 提取请求的文件(index.html)
# GET /a/b/c/d/e/index.html HTTP/1.1
ret = re.match(r"([^/]*)([^ ]+)", request_lines[0])
if ret:
print("正则提取数据:", ret.group(1))
print("正则提取数据:", ret.group(2))
file_name = ret.group(2)
if file_name == "/":
file_name = "/index.html"
# 如果不是以py结尾的文件，认为是普通的文件
if not file_name.endswith(".py"):
# 读取文件数据
try:
f = open(self.documents_root+file_name, "rb")
except:
response_body = "file not found, 请输入正确的url"
response_header = "HTTP/1.1 404 not found\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Length: %d\r\n" % (len(response_body))
response_header += "\r\n"
response = response_header + response_body
# 将header返回给浏览器
client_socket.send(response.encode('utf-8'))
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
response_body = content
response_header = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Length: %d\r\n" % (len(response_body))
response_header += "\r\n"
# 将header返回给浏览器
client_socket.send(response_header.encode('utf-8') + response_body)
# 以.py结尾的文件，就认为是浏览需要动态的页面
else:
# 准备一个字典，里面存放需要传递给web框架的数据
env = dict()
# 存web返回的数据
response_body = self.app(env, self.set_response_headers)
# 合并header和body
response_header = "HTTP/1.1 {status}\r\n".format(status=self.headers[0])
response_header += "Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Length: %d\r\n" % len(response_body)
for temp_head in self.headers[1]:
response_header += "{0}:{1}\r\n".format(*temp_head)
response = response_header + "\r\n"
response += response_body
client_socket.send(response.encode('utf-8'))
def set_response_headers(self, status, headers):
"""这个方法，会在 web框架中被默认调用"""
response_header_default = [
("Data", time.time()),
("Server", "ItCast-python mini web server")
]
# 将状态码/相应头信息存储起来
# [字符串, [xxxxx, xxx2]]
self.headers = [status, response_header_default + headers]
# 设置静态资源访问的路径
g_static_document_root = "./static"
# 设置动态资源访问的路径
g_dynamic_document_root = "./dynamic"
def main():
"""控制web服务器整体"""
# python3 xxxx.py 7890
if len(sys.argv) == 3:
# 获取web服务器的port
port = sys.argv[1]
if port.isdigit():
port = int(port)
# 获取web服务器需要动态资源时，访问的web框架名字
web_frame_module_app_name = sys.argv[2]
else:
print("运行方式如: python3 xxx.py 7890 my_web_frame_name:application")
return
print("http服务器使用的port:%s" % port)
# 将动态路径即存放py文件的路径，添加到path中，这样python就能够找到这个路径了
sys.path.append(g_dynamic_document_root)
ret = re.match(r"([^:]*):(.*)", web_frame_module_app_name)
if ret:
# 获取模块名
web_frame_module_name = ret.group(1)
# 获取可以调用web框架的应用名称
app_name = ret.group(2)
# 导入web框架的主模块
web_frame_module = __import__(web_frame_module_name)
# 获取那个可以直接调用的函数(对象)
app = getattr(web_frame_module, app_name)
# print(app) # for test
# 启动http服务器
http_server = WSGIServer(port, g_static_document_root, app)
# 运行http服务器
http_server.run_forever()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
mini web框架-2-显示页面
- dynamic/my_web.py (更新)
import time
import os
template_root = "./templates"
def index(file_name):
"""返回index.py需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
return content
def center(file_name):
"""返回center.py需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
return content
def application(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
file_name = environ['PATH_INFO']
if file_name == "/index.py":
return index(file_name)
elif file_name == "/center.py":
return center(file_name)
else:
return str(environ) + '==Hello world from a simple WSGI application!--->%s\n' % time.ctime()
- web_server.py (更新)
import select
import time
import socket
import sys
import re
import multiprocessing
class WSGIServer(object):
"""定义一个WSGI服务器的类"""
def __init__(self, port, documents_root, app):
# 1. 创建套接字
self.server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# 2. 绑定本地信息
self.server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
self.server_socket.bind(("", port))
# 3. 变为监听套接字
self.server_socket.listen(128)
# 设定资源文件的路径
self.documents_root = documents_root
# 设定web框架可以调用的函数(对象)
self.app = app
def run_forever(self):
"""运行服务器"""
# 等待对方链接
while True:
new_socket, new_addr = self.server_socket.accept()
# 创建一个新的进程来完成这个客户端的请求任务
new_socket.settimeout(3) # 3s
new_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=self.deal_with_request, args=(new_socket,))
new_process.start()
new_socket.close()
def deal_with_request(self, client_socket):
"""以长链接的方式，为这个浏览器服务器"""
while True:
try:
request = client_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
except Exception as ret:
print("========>", ret)
client_socket.close()
return
# 判断浏览器是否关闭
if not request:
client_socket.close()
return
request_lines = request.splitlines()
for i, line in enumerate(request_lines):
print(i, line)
# 提取请求的文件(index.html)
# GET /a/b/c/d/e/index.html HTTP/1.1
ret = re.match(r"([^/]*)([^ ]+)", request_lines[0])
if ret:
print("正则提取数据:", ret.group(1))
print("正则提取数据:", ret.group(2))
file_name = ret.group(2)
if file_name == "/":
file_name = "/index.html"
# 如果不是以py结尾的文件，认为是普通的文件
if not file_name.endswith(".py"):
# 读取文件数据
try:
print(self.documents_root+file_name)
f = open(self.documents_root+file_name, "rb")
except:
response_body = "file not found, 请输入正确的url"
response_header = "HTTP/1.1 404 not found\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Length: %d\r\n" % (len(response_body))
response_header += "\r\n"
response = response_header + response_body
# 将header返回给浏览器
client_socket.send(response.encode('utf-8'))
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
response_body = content
response_header = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Length: %d\r\n" % (len(response_body))
response_header += "\r\n"
# 将header返回给浏览器
client_socket.send(response_header.encode('utf-8') + response_body)
# 以.py结尾的文件，就认为是浏览需要动态的页面
else:
# 准备一个字典，里面存放需要传递给web框架的数据
env = dict()
# ----------更新---------
env['PATH_INFO'] = file_name # 例如 index.py
# 存web返回的数据
response_body = self.app(env, self.set_response_headers)
# 合并header和body
response_header = "HTTP/1.1 {status}\r\n".format(status=self.headers[0])
response_header += "Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Length: %d\r\n" % len(response_body.encode("utf-8"))
for temp_head in self.headers[1]:
response_header += "{0}:{1}\r\n".format(*temp_head)
response = response_header + "\r\n"
response += response_body
client_socket.send(response.encode('utf-8'))
def set_response_headers(self, status, headers):
"""这个方法，会在 web框架中被默认调用"""
response_header_default = [
("Data", time.time()),
("Server", "ItCast-python mini web server")
]
# 将状态码/相应头信息存储起来
# [字符串, [xxxxx, xxx2]]
self.headers = [status, response_header_default + headers]
# 设置静态资源访问的路径
g_static_document_root = "./static"
# 设置动态资源访问的路径
g_dynamic_document_root = "./dynamic"
def main():
"""控制web服务器整体"""
# python3 xxxx.py 7890
if len(sys.argv) == 3:
# 获取web服务器的port
port = sys.argv[1]
if port.isdigit():
port = int(port)
# 获取web服务器需要动态资源时，访问的web框架名字
web_frame_module_app_name = sys.argv[2]
else:
print("运行方式如: python3 xxx.py 7890 my_web_frame_name:app")
return
print("http服务器使用的port:%s" % port)
# 将动态路径即存放py文件的路径，添加到path中，这样python就能够找到这个路径了
sys.path.append(g_dynamic_document_root)
ret = re.match(r"([^:]*):(.*)", web_frame_module_app_name)
if ret:
# 获取模块名
web_frame_module_name = ret.group(1)
# 获取可以调用web框架的应用名称
app_name = ret.group(2)
# 导入web框架的主模块
web_frame_module = __import__(web_frame_module_name)
# 获取那个可以直接调用的函数(对象)
app = getattr(web_frame_module, app_name)
# print(app) # for test
# 启动http服务器
http_server = WSGIServer(port, g_static_document_root, app)
# 运行http服务器
http_server.run_forever()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
- 浏览器打开看效果
mini web框架-3-替换模板
- dynamic/my_web.py
import time
import os
import re
template_root = "./templates"
def index(file_name):
"""返回index.py需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# --------更新-------
data_from_mysql = "数据还没有敬请期待...."
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", data_from_mysql, content)
return content
def center(file_name):
"""返回center.py需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# --------更新-------
data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据,,,,~~~~(>_<)~~~~ "
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", data_from_mysql, content)
return content
def application(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
file_name = environ['PATH_INFO']
if file_name == "/index.py":
return index(file_name)
elif file_name == "/center.py":
return center(file_name)
else:
return str(environ) + '==Hello world from a simple WSGI application!--->%s\n' % time.ctime()
- 浏览器打开看效果
mini web框架添加路由、MySQL功能
mini web框架-4-路由
- dynamic/my_web.py
import time
import os
import re
template_root = "./templates"
# ----------更新----------
# 用来存放url路由映射
# url_route = {
# "/index.py": index_func,
# "/center.py": center_func
# }
g_url_route = dict()
# ----------更新----------
def route(url):
def func1(func):
# 添加键值对，key是需要访问的url，value是当这个url需要访问的时候，需要调用的函数引用
g_url_route[url] = func
def func2(file_name):
return func(file_name)
return func2
return func1
@route("/index.py") # ----------更新----------
def index(file_name):
"""返回index.py需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据，请等待学习mysql吧，学习完mysql之后，这里就可以放入mysql查询到的数据了"
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", data_from_mysql, content)
return content
@route("/center.py") # ----------更新----------
def center(file_name):
"""返回center.py需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据,,,,~~~~(>_<)~~~~ "
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", data_from_mysql, content)
return content
def application(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
file_name = environ['PATH_INFO']
# ----------更新----------
try:
return g_url_route[file_name](file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
伪静态、静态和动态的区别
目前开发的网站其实真正意义上都是动态网站，只是URL上有些区别，一般URL分为静态URL、动态URL、伪静态URL，他们的区别是什么?
-
静态URL
静态URL类似域名/news/2012-5-18/110.html我们一般称为真静态URL，每个网页有真实的物理路径，也就是真实存在服务器里的。（1）优点是：网站打开速度快，因为它不用进行运算；另外网址结构比较友好，利于记忆。
（2）缺点是：最大的缺点是如果是中大型网站，则产生的页面特别多，不好管理。至于有的开发者说占用硬盘空间大，我觉得这个可有忽略不计，占用不了多少空间的，况且目前硬盘空间都比较大。还有的开发者说会伤硬盘，这点也可以忽略不计。
（3）一句话总结：静态网站对SEO的影响：静态URL对SEO肯定有加分的影响，因为打开速度快，这个是本质。 -
动态URL
动态URL类似域名/NewsMore.asp?id=5或者域名/DaiKuan.php?id=17，带有？号的URL，我们一般称为动态网址，每个URL只是一个逻辑地址，并不是真实物理存在服务器硬盘里的。
（1）优点是：适合中大型网站，修改页面很方便，因为是逻辑地址，所以占用硬盘空间要比纯静态网站小。
（2）缺点是：因为要进行运算，所以打开速度稍慢，不过这个可有忽略不计，目前有服务器缓存技术可以解决速度问题。最大的缺点是URL结构稍稍复杂，不利于记忆。
（3）一句话总结:动态URL对SEO的影响：目前百度SE已经能够很好的理解动态URL，所以对SEO没有什么减分的影响（特别复杂的URL结构除外）。所以你无论选择动态还是静态其实都无所谓，看你选择的程序和需求了。 -
伪静态URL
伪静态URL类似域名/course/74.html这个URL和真静态URL类似。他是通过伪静态规则把动态URL伪装成静态网址。也是逻辑地址，不存在物理地址。
（1）优点是：URL比较友好，利于记忆。非常适合大中型网站，是个折中方案。
（2）缺点是：设置麻烦，服务器要支持重写规则，小企业网站或者玩不好的就不要折腾了。另外进行了伪静态网站访问速度并没有变快，因为实质上它会额外的进行运算解释，反正增加了服务器负担，速度反而变慢，不过现在的服务器都很强大，这种影响也可以忽略不计。还有可能会造成动态URL和静态URL都被搜索引擎收录，不过可以用robots禁止掉动态地址。
（3）一句话总结：对SEO的影响：和动态URL一样，对SEO没有什么减分影响。
mini-web框架-实现伪静态url
- readme.txt(新建)
运行方式如下:
python3 web_server.py 7890 my_web:application
- web_server.py(部分更新)
import select
import time
import socket
import sys
import re
import multiprocessing
class WSGIServer(object):
"""定义一个WSGI服务器的类"""
def __init__(self, port, documents_root, app):
# 1. 创建套接字
self.server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# 2. 绑定本地信息
self.server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
self.server_socket.bind(("", port))
# 3. 变为监听套接字
self.server_socket.listen(128)
# 设定资源文件的路径
self.documents_root = documents_root
# 设定web框架可以调用的函数(对象)
self.app = app
def run_forever(self):
"""运行服务器"""
# 等待对方链接
while True:
new_socket, new_addr = self.server_socket.accept()
# 创建一个新的进程来完成这个客户端的请求任务
new_socket.settimeout(3) # 3s
new_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=self.deal_with_request, args=(new_socket,))
new_process.start()
new_socket.close()
def deal_with_request(self, client_socket):
"""以长链接的方式，为这个浏览器服务器"""
while True:
try:
request = client_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
except Exception as ret:
print("========>", ret)
client_socket.close()
return
# 判断浏览器是否关闭
if not request:
client_socket.close()
return
request_lines = request.splitlines()
for i, line in enumerate(request_lines):
print(i, line)
# 提取请求的文件(index.html)
# GET /a/b/c/d/e/index.html HTTP/1.1
ret = re.match(r"([^/]*)([^ ]+)", request_lines[0])
if ret:
print("正则提取数据:", ret.group(1))
print("正则提取数据:", ret.group(2))
file_name = ret.group(2)
if file_name == "/":
file_name = "/index.html"
# 如果不是以.html结尾的文件,都认为是普通的文件
# 如果是.html结尾的请求,那么就让web框架进行处理
if not file_name.endswith(".html"): # --------- 进行了更新-------
# 读取文件数据
try:
print(self.documents_root+file_name)
f = open(self.documents_root+file_name, "rb")
except:
response_body = "file not found, 请输入正确的url"
response_header = "HTTP/1.1 404 not found\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Length: %d\r\n" % (len(response_body))
response_header += "\r\n"
response = response_header + response_body
# 将header返回给浏览器
client_socket.send(response.encode('utf-8'))
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
response_body = content
response_header = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Length: %d\r\n" % (len(response_body))
response_header += "\r\n"
# 将header返回给浏览器
client_socket.send(response_header.encode('utf-8') + response_body)
# 以.py结尾的文件，就认为是浏览需要动态的页面
else:
# 准备一个字典，里面存放需要传递给web框架的数据
env = dict()
env['PATH_INFO'] = file_name # 例如 index.py
# 存web返回的数据
response_body = self.app(env, self.set_response_headers)
# 合并header和body
response_header = "HTTP/1.1 {status}\r\n".format(status=self.headers[0])
response_header += "Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\n"
response_header += "Content-Length: %d\r\n" % len(response_body.encode("utf-8"))
for temp_head in self.headers[1]:
response_header += "{0}:{1}\r\n".format(*temp_head)
response = response_header + "\r\n"
response += response_body
client_socket.send(response.encode('utf-8'))
def set_response_headers(self, status, headers):
"""这个方法，会在 web框架中被默认调用"""
response_header_default = [
("Data", time.time()),
("Server", "ItCast-python mini web server")
]
# 将状态码/相应头信息存储起来
# [字符串, [xxxxx, xxx2]]
self.headers = [status, response_header_default + headers]
# 设置静态资源访问的路径
g_static_document_root = "./static"
# 设置动态资源访问的路径
g_dynamic_document_root = "./dynamic"
def main():
"""控制web服务器整体"""
# python3 xxxx.py 7890
if len(sys.argv) == 3:
# 获取web服务器的port
port = sys.argv[1]
if port.isdigit():
port = int(port)
# 获取web服务器需要动态资源时，访问的web框架名字
web_frame_module_app_name = sys.argv[2]
else:
print("运行方式如: python3 xxx.py 7890 my_web_frame_name:application")
return
print("http服务器使用的port:%s" % port)
# 将动态路径即存放py文件的路径，添加到path中，这样python就能够找到这个路径了
sys.path.append(g_dynamic_document_root)
ret = re.match(r"([^:]*):(.*)", web_frame_module_app_name)
if ret:
# 获取模块名
web_frame_module_name = ret.group(1)
# 获取可以调用web框架的应用名称
app_name = ret.group(2)
# 导入web框架的主模块
web_frame_module = __import__(web_frame_module_name)
# 获取那个可以直接调用的函数(对象)
app = getattr(web_frame_module, app_name)
# print(app) # for test
# 启动http服务器
http_server = WSGIServer(port, g_static_document_root, app)
# 运行http服务器
http_server.run_forever()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
- my_web.py(部分修改)
import time
import os
import re
template_root = "./templates"
# 用来存放url路由映射
# url_route = {
# "/index.py":index_func,
# "/center.py":center_func
# }
g_url_route = dict()
def route(url):
def func1(func):
# 添加键值对，key是需要访问的url，value是当这个url需要访问的时候，需要调用的函数引用
g_url_route[url]=func
def func2(file_name):
return func(file_name)
return func2
return func1
@route("/index.html") # ------- 修改------
def index(file_name):
"""返回index.html需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据，请等待学习mysql吧，学习完mysql之后，这里就可以放入mysql查询到的数据了"
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", data_from_mysql, content)
return content
@route("/center.html") # ------- 修改------
def center(file_name):
"""返回center.html需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据,,,,~~~~(>_<)~~~~ "
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", data_from_mysql, content)
return content
def application(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
file_name = environ['PATH_INFO']
try:
return g_url_route[file_name](file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
return str(environ) + '-----404--->%s\n'
准备数据库建库数据
- 建库
create database stock_db charset=utf8;
- 选择数据库
use stock_db;
- 导入数据
source stock_db.sql
- 表结构
- 数据
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.7.17, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost Database: stock_db
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.7.13-0ubuntu0.16.04.2
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
--
-- Table structure for table `focus`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `focus`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `focus` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`note_info` varchar(200) DEFAULT '',
`info_id` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `info_id` (`info_id`),
CONSTRAINT `focus_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`info_id`) REFERENCES `info` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=14 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `focus`
--
LOCK TABLES `focus` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `focus` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `focus` VALUES (2,'你确定要买这个？',36),(3,'利好',37),(9,'',88),(10,'',89),(13,'',1);
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `focus` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
--
-- Table structure for table `info`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `info`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `info` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`code` varchar(6) NOT NULL COMMENT '股票代码',
`short` varchar(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '股票简称',
`chg` varchar(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '涨跌幅',
`turnover` varchar(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '换手率',
`price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '最新价',
`highs` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '前期高点',
`time` date DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=95 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `info`
--
LOCK TABLES `info` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `info` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `info` VALUES (1,'000007','全新好','10.01%','4.40%',16.05,14.60,'2017-07-18'),(2,'000036','华联控股','10.04%','10.80%',11.29,10.26,'2017-07-20'),(3,'000039','中集集团','1.35%','1.78%',18.07,18.06,'2017-06-28'),(4,'000050','深天马A','4.38%','4.65%',22.86,22.02,'2017-07-19'),(5,'000056','皇庭国际','0.39%','0.65%',12.96,12.91,'2017-07-20'),(6,'000059','华锦股份','3.37%','7.16%',12.26,12.24,'2017-04-11'),(7,'000060','中金岭南','1.34%','3.39%',12.08,11.92,'2017-07-20'),(8,'000426','兴业矿业','0.41%','2.17%',9.71,9.67,'2017-07-20'),(9,'000488','晨鸣纸业','6.30%','5.50%',16.37,15.59,'2017-07-10'),(10,'000528','柳工','1.84%','3.03%',9.42,9.33,'2017-07-19'),(11,'000540','中天金融','0.37%','5.46%',8.11,8.08,'2017-07-20'),(12,'000581','威孚高科','3.49%','3.72%',27.00,26.86,'2017-06-26'),(13,'000627','天茂集团','5.81%','12.51%',10.93,10.33,'2017-07-20'),(14,'000683','远兴能源','6.42%','21.27%',3.48,3.29,'2017-07-19'),(15,'000703','恒逸石化','0.24%','1.65%',16.92,16.88,'2017-07-20'),(16,'000822','山东海化','6.60%','8.54%',9.05,8.75,'2017-07-06'),(17,'000830','鲁西化工','1.38%','4.80%',7.36,7.26,'2017-07-20'),(18,'000878','云南铜业','1.26%','3.23%',14.50,14.47,'2017-07-19'),(19,'000905','厦门港务','5.44%','10.85%',15.90,15.60,'2017-04-20'),(20,'000990','诚志股份','0.53%','1.00%',16.99,16.90,'2017-07-20'),(21,'002019','亿帆医药','1.19%','2.81%',17.05,16.85,'2017-07-20'),(22,'002078','太阳纸业','2.05%','1.90%',8.45,8.29,'2017-07-19'),(23,'002092','中泰化学','7.25%','6.20%',15.53,14.48,'2017-07-20'),(24,'002145','中核钛白','2.43%','7.68%',6.75,6.61,'2017-07-19'),(25,'002285','世联行','8.59%','5.66%',9.23,8.50,'2017-07-20'),(26,'002311','海大集团','1.13%','0.24%',18.81,18.63,'2017-07-19'),(27,'002460','赣锋锂业','9.41%','9.00%',63.70,58.22,'2017-07-20'),(28,'002466','天齐锂业','3.62%','3.66%',68.44,66.05,'2017-07-20'),(29,'002470','金正大','2.30%','0.99%',8.00,7.82,'2017-07-20'),(30,'002496','辉丰股份','3.15%','4.29%',5.24,5.08,'2017-04-10'),(31,'002497','雅化集团','0.38%','12.36%',13.10,13.05,'2017-07-20'),(32,'002500','山西证券','0.44%','3.70%',11.49,11.44,'2017-07-20'),(33,'002636','金安国纪','2.70%','11.59%',19.80,19.42,'2017-07-19'),(34,'300032','金龙机电','0.66%','0.72%',15.28,15.18,'2017-07-20'),(35,'300115','长盈精密','0.60%','0.59%',33.50,33.41,'2017-07-19'),(36,'300268','万福生科','-10.00%','0.27%',31.77,13.57,'2017-04-10'),(37,'300280','南通锻压','3.31%','0.66%',32.20,32.00,'2017-04-11'),(38,'300320','海达股份','0.28%','0.82%',18.26,18.21,'2017-07-20'),(39,'300408','三环集团','1.69%','0.81%',23.42,23.17,'2017-07-19'),(40,'300477','合纵科技','2.84%','5.12%',22.10,22.00,'2017-07-12'),(41,'600020','中原高速','5.46%','4.48%',5.60,5.31,'2017-07-20'),(42,'600033','福建高速','1.01%','1.77%',4.00,3.99,'2017-06-26'),(43,'600066','宇通客车','4.15%','1.49%',23.08,23.05,'2017-06-13'),(44,'600067','冠城大通','0.40%','2.97%',7.56,7.53,'2017-07-20'),(45,'600110','诺德股份','2.08%','4.26%',16.16,15.83,'2017-07-20'),(46,'600133','东湖高新','9.65%','21.74%',13.64,12.44,'2017-07-20'),(47,'600153','建发股份','3.65%','2.03%',13.35,13.21,'2017-07-10'),(48,'600180','瑞茂通','2.20%','1.07%',14.86,14.54,'2017-07-20'),(49,'600183','生益科技','6.94%','4.06%',14.94,14.12,'2017-07-19'),(50,'600188','兖州煤业','1.53%','0.99%',14.56,14.43,'2017-07-19'),(51,'600191','华资实业','10.03%','11.72%',15.80,14.36,'2017-07-20'),(52,'600210','紫江企业','6.03%','10.90%',6.68,6.30,'2017-07-20'),(53,'600212','江泉实业','1.39%','1.78%',10.20,10.15,'2017-07-19'),(54,'600225','*ST松江','4.96%','2.47%',5.71,5.61,'2017-04-13'),(55,'600230','沧州大化','5.74%','13.54%',43.26,40.91,'2017-07-20'),(56,'600231','凌钢股份','2.79%','3.77%',3.68,3.60,'2017-07-19'),(57,'600291','西水股份','10.02%','9.23%',34.71,31.55,'2017-07-20'),(58,'600295','鄂尔多斯','4.96%','12.62%',16.51,15.73,'2017-07-20'),(59,'600303','曙光股份','8.37%','14.53%',11.53,10.64,'2017-07-20'),(60,'600308','华泰股份','1.12%','2.66%',6.30,6.26,'2017-07-19'),(61,'600309','万华化学','0.03%','1.78%',31.81,31.80,'2017-07-20'),(62,'600352','浙江龙盛','0.39%','1.85%',10.32,10.28,'2017-07-20'),(63,'600354','敦煌种业','7.89%','18.74%',9.44,8.75,'2017-07-20'),(64,'600408','安泰集团','1.98%','3.38%',4.13,4.12,'2017-04-13'),(65,'600409','三友化工','0.62%','3.78%',11.36,11.29,'2017-07-20'),(66,'600499','科达洁能','0.46%','3.94%',8.84,8.80,'2017-07-20'),(67,'600508','上海能源','3.26%','2.99%',13.32,13.01,'2017-07-19'),(68,'600563','法拉电子','0.32%','1.36%',53.67,53.50,'2017-07-20'),(69,'600567','山鹰纸业','0.76%','2.85%',3.98,3.96,'2017-07-19'),(70,'600585','海螺水泥','0.45%','0.61%',24.51,24.44,'2017-07-19'),(71,'600668','尖峰集团','4.35%','6.43%',18.70,18.36,'2017-04-13'),(72,'600688','上海石化','2.72%','0.91%',6.80,6.74,'2017-06-01'),(73,'600729','重庆百货','5.70%','3.34%',27.45,27.13,'2017-06-29'),(74,'600739','辽宁成大','3.30%','3.50%',19.74,19.11,'2017-07-20'),(75,'600779','水井坊','3.85%','2.77%',29.39,28.30,'2017-07-20'),(76,'600781','辅仁药业','8.61%','4.16%',23.46,21.89,'2017-05-02'),(77,'600801','华新水泥','4.00%','10.15%',12.99,12.49,'2017-07-20'),(78,'600846','同济科技','2.06%','17.41%',9.39,9.26,'2017-04-13'),(79,'600884','杉杉股份','1.08%','3.53%',20.67,20.45,'2017-07-20'),(80,'600966','博汇纸业','2.89%','5.54%',6.41,6.28,'2017-07-19'),(81,'600971','恒源煤电','2.36%','8.81%',12.16,11.88,'2017-07-20'),(82,'601012','隆基股份','0.76%','1.30%',19.93,19.78,'2017-07-20'),(83,'601100','恒立液压','4.78%','0.92%',19.31,18.97,'2017-07-13'),(84,'601101','昊华能源','4.03%','6.06%',11.10,10.80,'2017-07-19'),(85,'601216','君正集团','2.16%','2.26%',5.20,5.10,'2017-04-17'),(86,'601666','平煤股份','2.81%','6.14%',6.96,6.77,'2017-07-20'),(87,'601668','中国建筑','2.39%','1.42%',10.70,10.45,'2017-07-20'),(88,'601678','滨化股份','0.13%','2.47%',7.92,7.91,'2017-07-20'),(89,'601918','新集能源','1.23%','3.11%',4.93,4.92,'2017-07-19'),(90,'603167','渤海轮渡','2.77%','3.34%',11.87,11.61,'2017-04-13'),(91,'603369','今世缘','3.34%','2.13%',14.24,13.78,'2017-07-20'),(92,'603589','口子窖','3.99%','1.84%',39.37,39.04,'2017-06-26'),(93,'603799','华友钴业','2.38%','7.19%',67.46,65.89,'2017-07-20'),(94,'603993','洛阳钼业','2.94%','2.50%',7.36,7.16,'2017-07-19');
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-- Dump completed on 2017-08-18 20:53:58
mini-web框架-从mysql中查询数据
- my_web.py(更新)
import pymysql
import time
import os
import re
template_root = "./templates"
# 用来存放url路由映射
# url_route = {
# "/index.py":index_func,
# "/center.py":center_func
# }
g_url_route = dict()
def route(url):
def func1(func):
# 添加键值对，key是需要访问的url，value是当这个url需要访问的时候，需要调用的函数引用
g_url_route[url]=func
def func2(file_name):
return func(file_name)
return func2
return func1
@route("/index.html")
def index(file_name):
"""返回index.html需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# --------添加---------
# data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据，请等待学习mysql吧，学习完mysql之后，这里就可以放入mysql查询到的数据了"
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = """select * from info;"""
cursor.execute(sql)
data_from_mysql = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
db.close()
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", str(data_from_mysql), content)
return content
@route("/center.html")
def center(file_name):
"""返回center.html需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据,,,,~~~~(>_<)~~~~ "
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", data_from_mysql, content)
return content
def application(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
file_name = environ['PATH_INFO']
try:
return g_url_route[file_name](file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
return str(environ) + '-----404--->%s\n'
mini-web框架-组装数据为html格式
- my_web.py(更新)
import pymysql
import time
import os
import re
template_root = "./templates"
# 用来存放url路由映射
# url_route = {
# "/index.py":index_func,
# "/center.py":center_func
# }
g_url_route = dict()
def route(url):
def func1(func):
# 添加键值对，key是需要访问的url，value是当这个url需要访问的时候，需要调用的函数引用
g_url_route[url]=func
def func2(file_name):
return func(file_name)
return func2
return func1
@route("/index.html")
def index(file_name):
"""返回index.html需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据，请等待学习mysql吧，学习完mysql之后，这里就可以放入mysql查询到的数据了"
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = """select * from info;"""
cursor.execute(sql)
data_from_mysql = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
db.close()
html_template = """
<tr>
<td>%d</td>
<td>%s</td>
<td>%s</td>
<td>%s</td>
<td>%s</td>
<td>%s</td>
<td>%s</td>
<td>%s</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="添加" id="toAdd" name="toAdd" systemidvaule="%s">
</td>
</tr>"""
html = ""
for info in data_from_mysql:
html += html_template % (info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3], info[4], info[5], info[6], info[7], info[1])
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", html, content)
return content
@route("/center.html")
def center(file_name):
"""返回center.html需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据,,,,~~~~(>_<)~~~~ "
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = """select i.code,i.short,i.chg,i.turnover,i.price,i.highs,j.note_info from info as i inner join focus as j on i.id=j.info_id;"""
cursor.execute(sql)
data_from_mysql = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
db.close()
html_template = """
<tr>
<td>%s</td>
<td>%s</td>
<td>%s</td>
<td>%s</td>
<td>%s</td>
<td>%s</td>
<td>%s</td>
<td>
<a type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs" href="/update/%s.html"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-star" aria-hidden="true"></span> 修改 </a>
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="删除" id="toDel" name="toDel" systemidvaule="%s">
</td>
</tr>
"""
html = ""
for info in data_from_mysql:
html += html_template % (info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3], info[4], info[5], info[6], info[0], info[0])
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", html, content)
return content
def application(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
file_name = environ['PATH_INFO']
try:
return g_url_route[file_name](file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
return str(environ) + '-----404--->%s\n'
mini-web框架 添加日志、路由支持正则表达式
mini-web框架-路由支持正则
import pymysql
import time
import os
import re
template_root = "./templates"
# 用来存放url路由映射
# url_route = {
# "/index.py":index_func,
# "/center.py":center_func
# }
g_url_route = dict()
def route(url):
def func1(func):
# 添加键值对，key是需要访问的url，value是当这个url需要访问的时候，需要调用的函数引用
g_url_route[url]=func
def func2(file_name):
return func(file_name)
return func2
return func1
@route(r"/index.html")
def index(file_name, url=None):
"""返回index.html需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据，请等待学习mysql吧，学习完mysql之后，这里就可以放入mysql查询到的数据了"
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = """select * from info;"""
cursor.execute(sql)
data_from_mysql = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
db.close()
html_template = """
%d
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
"""
html = ""
for info in data_from_mysql:
html += html_template % (info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3], info[4], info[5], info[6], info[7], info[1])
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", html, content)
return content
@route(r"/center.html")
def center(file_name, url=None):
"""返回center.html需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据,,,,~~~~(>_<)~~~~ "
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = """select i.code,i.short,i.chg,i.turnover,i.price,i.highs,j.note_info from info as i inner join focus as j on i.id=j.info_id;"""
cursor.execute(sql)
data_from_mysql = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
db.close()
html_template = """
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
修改
"""
html = ""
for info in data_from_mysql:
html += html_template % (info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3], info[4], info[5], info[6], info[0], info[0])
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", html, content)
return content
# ------- 添加 -------
@route(r"/update/(\d*)\.html")
def update(file_name, url):
"""显示 更新页面的内容"""
try:
template_file_name = template_root + "/update.html"
f = open(template_file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s,,,没有找到%s" % (ret, template_file_name)
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
stock_code = ret.group(1)
# 将提取到的股票编码返回到浏览器中,以检查是否能够正确的提取url的数据
return stock_code
def app(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
file_name = environ['PATH_INFO']
try:
for url, call_func in g_url_route.items():
print(url)
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
return call_func(file_name, url)
break
else:
return "没有访问的页面--->%s" % file_name
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
return str(environ) + '-----404--->%s\n'
mini-web框架-mysql-增
- my_web.py(修改)
import pymysql
import time
import os
import re
import sys
from urllib.parse import unquote
template_root = "./templates"
# 用来存放url路由映射
# url_route = {
# "/index.py":index_func,
# "/center.py":center_func
# }
g_url_route = dict()
def route(url):
def func1(func):
# 添加键值对，key是需要访问的url，value是当这个url需要访问的时候，需要调用的函数引用
g_url_route[url]=func
def func2(file_name):
return func(file_name)
return func2
return func1
@route(r"/index.html")
def index(file_name, url=None):
"""返回index.py需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据，请等待学习mysql吧，学习完mysql之后，这里就可以放入mysql查询到的数据了"
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = """select * from info;"""
cursor.execute(sql)
data_from_mysql = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
db.close()
html_template = """
%d
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
"""
html = ""
for info in data_from_mysql:
html += html_template % (info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3], info[4], info[5], info[6], info[7], info[1])
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", html, content)
return content
@route(r"/center.html")
def center(file_name, url=None):
"""返回center.py需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据,,,,~~~~(>_<)~~~~ "
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = """select i.code,i.short,i.chg,i.turnover,i.price,i.highs,j.note_info from info as i inner join focus as j on i.id=j.info_id;"""
cursor.execute(sql)
data_from_mysql = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
db.close()
html_template = """
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
修改
"""
html = ""
for info in data_from_mysql:
html += html_template % (info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3], info[4], info[5], info[6], info[0], info[0])
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", html, content)
return content
@route(r"/update/(\d*)\.html")
def update(file_name, url):
"""显示 更新页面的内容"""
try:
template_file_name = template_root + "/update.html"
f = open(template_file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s,,,没有找到%s" % (ret, template_file_name)
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
stock_code = ret.group(1)
else:
stock_code = 0
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
# 会出现sql注入，怎样修改呢？ 参数化
sql = """select focus.note_info from focus inner join info on focus.info_id=info.id where info.code=%s;""" % stock_code
cursor.execute(sql)
stock_note_info = cursor.fetchone()
cursor.close()
db.close()
content = re.sub(r"\{%code%\}", stock_code, content)
content = re.sub(r"\{%note_info%\}", str(stock_note_info[0]), content)
return content
@route(r"/update/(\d*)/(.*)\.html")
def update_note_info(file_name, url):
"""进行数据的真正更新"""
stock_code = 0
stock_note_info = ""
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
stock_code = ret.group(1)
stock_note_info = ret.group(2)
stock_note_info = unquote(stock_note_info)
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
# 会出现sql注入，怎样修改呢？ 参数化
sql = """update focus inner join info on focus.info_id=info.id set focus.note_info="%s" where info.code=%s;""" % (stock_note_info, stock_code)
cursor.execute(sql)
db.commit()
cursor.close()
db.close()
return "修改成功"
# ------ 添加 -------
@route(r"/add/(\d*)\.html")
def add(file_name, url):
"""添加关注"""
stock_code = 0
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
stock_code = ret.group(1)
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
# 判断是否已经关注
sql = """select * from focus inner join info on focus.info_id=info.id where info.code=%s;""" % (stock_code)
cursor.execute(sql)
if cursor.fetchone():
cursor.close()
db.close()
return "已经关注过了，请不要重复关注"
# 如果没有关注，那么就进行关注
sql = """insert into focus (info_id) select id from info where code="%s";""" % (stock_code)
cursor.execute(sql)
db.commit()
cursor.close()
db.close()
return "关注成功"
def app(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
file_name = environ['PATH_INFO']
try:
for url, call_func in g_url_route.items():
print(url)
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
return call_func(file_name, url)
break
else:
return "没有访问的页面--->%s" % file_name
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
return str(environ) + '-----404--->%s\n'
mini-web框架-mysql-删
- my_web.py(修改)
import pymysql
import time
import os
import re
import sys
from urllib.parse import unquote
template_root = "./templates"
# 用来存放url路由映射
# url_route = {
# "/index.py":index_func,
# "/center.py":center_func
# }
g_url_route = dict()
def route(url):
def func1(func):
# 添加键值对，key是需要访问的url，value是当这个url需要访问的时候，需要调用的函数引用
g_url_route[url]=func
def func2(file_name):
return func(file_name)
return func2
return func1
@route(r"/index.html")
def index(file_name, url=None):
"""返回index.py需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据，请等待学习mysql吧，学习完mysql之后，这里就可以放入mysql查询到的数据了"
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = """select * from info;"""
cursor.execute(sql)
data_from_mysql = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
db.close()
html_template = """
%d
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
"""
html = ""
for info in data_from_mysql:
html += html_template % (info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3], info[4], info[5], info[6], info[7], info[1])
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", html, content)
return content
@route(r"/center.html")
def center(file_name, url=None):
"""返回center.py需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据,,,,~~~~(>_<)~~~~ "
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = """select i.code,i.short,i.chg,i.turnover,i.price,i.highs,j.note_info from info as i inner join focus as j on i.id=j.info_id;"""
cursor.execute(sql)
data_from_mysql = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
db.close()
html_template = """
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
修改
"""
html = ""
for info in data_from_mysql:
html += html_template % (info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3], info[4], info[5], info[6], info[0], info[0])
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", html, content)
return content
@route(r"/update/(\d*)\.html")
def update(file_name, url):
"""显示 更新页面的内容"""
try:
template_file_name = template_root + "/update.html"
f = open(template_file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s,,,没有找到%s" % (ret, template_file_name)
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
stock_code = ret.group(1)
else:
stock_code = 0
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
# 会出现sql注入，怎样修改呢？ 参数化
sql = """select focus.note_info from focus inner join info on focus.info_id=info.id where info.code=%s;""" % stock_code
cursor.execute(sql)
stock_note_info = cursor.fetchone()
cursor.close()
db.close()
content = re.sub(r"\{%code%\}", stock_code, content)
content = re.sub(r"\{%note_info%\}", str(stock_note_info[0]), content)
return content
@route(r"/update/(\d*)/(.*)\.html")
def update_note_info(file_name, url):
"""进行数据的真正更新"""
stock_code = 0
stock_note_info = ""
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
stock_code = ret.group(1)
stock_note_info = ret.group(2)
stock_note_info = unquote(stock_note_info)
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
# 会出现sql注入，怎样修改呢？ 参数化
sql = """update focus inner join info on focus.info_id=info.id set focus.note_info="%s" where info.code=%s;""" % (stock_note_info, stock_code)
cursor.execute(sql)
db.commit()
cursor.close()
db.close()
return "修改成功"
@route(r"/add/(\d*)\.html")
def add(file_name, url):
"""添加关注"""
stock_code = 0
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
stock_code = ret.group(1)
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
# 判断是否已经关注
sql = """select * from focus inner join info on focus.info_id=info.id where info.code=%s;""" % (stock_code)
cursor.execute(sql)
if cursor.fetchone():
cursor.close()
db.close()
return "已经关注过了，请不要重复关注"
# 如果没有关注，那么就进行关注
sql = """insert into focus (info_id) select id from info where code="%s";""" % (stock_code)
cursor.execute(sql)
db.commit()
cursor.close()
db.close()
return "关注成功"
# ------ 添加 -------
@route(r"/del/(\d*)\.html")
def delete(file_name, url):
"""取消关注"""
stock_code = 0
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
stock_code = ret.group(1)
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
# 判断是否已经关注
sql = """select * from focus inner join info on focus.info_id=info.id where info.code=%s;""" % (stock_code)
cursor.execute(sql)
if not cursor.fetchone():
cursor.close()
db.close()
return "并没有关注，为什么要取消关注呢？不理解，啦啦啦。。。"
# 如果有关注，那么就进行取消关注
sql = """delete from focus where info_id = (select id from info where code="%s");""" % (stock_code)
cursor.execute(sql)
db.commit()
cursor.close()
db.close()
return "取消关注成功"
def app(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
file_name = environ['PATH_INFO']
try:
for url, call_func in g_url_route.items():
print(url)
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
return call_func(file_name, url)
break
else:
return "没有访问的页面--->%s" % file_name
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
return str(environ) + '-----404--->%s\n'
mini-web框架-mysql-改
- my_web.py(修改)
import pymysql
import time
import os
import re
import sys
template_root = "./templates"
# 用来存放url路由映射
# url_route = {
# "/index.py":index_func,
# "/center.py":center_func
# }
g_url_route = dict()
def route(url):
def func1(func):
# 添加键值对，key是需要访问的url，value是当这个url需要访问的时候，需要调用的函数引用
g_url_route[url]=func
def func2(file_name):
return func(file_name)
return func2
return func1
@route(r"/index.html")
def index(file_name, url=None):
"""返回index.py需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据，请等待学习mysql吧，学习完mysql之后，这里就可以放入mysql查询到的数据了"
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = """select * from info;"""
cursor.execute(sql)
data_from_mysql = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
db.close()
html_template = """
%d
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
"""
html = ""
for info in data_from_mysql:
html += html_template % (info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3], info[4], info[5], info[6], info[7], info[1])
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", html, content)
return content
@route(r"/center.html")
def center(file_name, url=None):
"""返回center.py需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据,,,,~~~~(>_<)~~~~ "
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = """select i.code,i.short,i.chg,i.turnover,i.price,i.highs,j.note_info from info as i inner join focus as j on i.id=j.info_id;"""
cursor.execute(sql)
data_from_mysql = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
db.close()
html_template = """
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
修改
"""
html = ""
for info in data_from_mysql:
html += html_template % (info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3], info[4], info[5], info[6], info[0], info[0])
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", html, content)
return content
@route(r"/update/(\d*)\.html")
def update(file_name, url):
"""显示 更新页面的内容"""
try:
template_file_name = template_root + "/update.html"
f = open(template_file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s,,,没有找到%s" % (ret, template_file_name)
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
stock_code = ret.group(1)
else:
stock_code = 0
# ------ 添加 -------
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
# 会出现sql注入，怎样修改呢？ 参数化
sql = """select focus.note_info from focus inner join info on focus.info_id=info.id where info.code=%s;""" % stock_code
cursor.execute(sql)
stock_note_info = cursor.fetchone()
cursor.close()
db.close()
# ------ 修改 -------
content = re.sub(r"\{%code%\}", stock_code, content)
content = re.sub(r"\{%note_info%\}", str(stock_note_info[0]), content)
return content
# ------ 添加 -------
@route(r"/update/(\d*)/(.*)\.html")
def update_note_info(file_name, url):
"""进行数据的真正更新"""
stock_code = 0
stock_note_info = ""
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
stock_code = ret.group(1)
stock_note_info = ret.group(2)
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
# 会出现sql注入，怎样修改呢？ 参数化
sql = """update focus inner join info on focus.info_id=info.id set focus.note_info="%s" where info.code=%s;""" % (stock_note_info, stock_code)
cursor.execute(sql)
db.commit()
cursor.close()
db.close()
return "修改成功"
def app(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
file_name = environ['PATH_INFO']
try:
for url, call_func in g_url_route.items():
print(url)
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
return call_func(file_name, url)
break
else:
return "没有访问的页面--->%s" % file_name
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
return str(environ) + '-----404--->%s\n'
mini-web框架-url编码
- python3对url编解码
import urllib.parse
# Python3 url编码
print(urllib.parse.quote("天安门"))
# Python3 url解码
print(urllib.parse.unquote("%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%89%E9%97%A8"))
- my_web.py(修改)
import pymysql
import time
import os
import re
import sys
# ------- 添加 --------
from urllib.parse import unquote
template_root = "./templates"
# 用来存放url路由映射
# url_route = {
# "/index.py":index_func,
# "/center.py":center_func
# }
g_url_route = dict()
def route(url):
def func1(func):
# 添加键值对，key是需要访问的url，value是当这个url需要访问的时候，需要调用的函数引用
g_url_route[url]=func
def func2(file_name):
return func(file_name)
return func2
return func1
@route(r"/index.html")
def index(file_name, url=None):
"""返回index.py需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据，请等待学习mysql吧，学习完mysql之后，这里就可以放入mysql查询到的数据了"
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = """select * from info;"""
cursor.execute(sql)
data_from_mysql = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
db.close()
html_template = """
%d
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
"""
html = ""
for info in data_from_mysql:
html += html_template % (info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3], info[4], info[5], info[6], info[7], info[1])
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", html, content)
return content
@route(r"/center.html")
def center(file_name, url=None):
"""返回center.py需要的页面内容"""
# return "hahha" + os.getcwd() # for test 路径问题
try:
file_name = file_name.replace(".py", ".html")
f = open(template_root + file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
# data_from_mysql = "暂时没有数据,,,,~~~~(>_<)~~~~ "
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = """select i.code,i.short,i.chg,i.turnover,i.price,i.highs,j.note_info from info as i inner join focus as j on i.id=j.info_id;"""
cursor.execute(sql)
data_from_mysql = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()
db.close()
html_template = """
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
%s
修改
"""
html = ""
for info in data_from_mysql:
html += html_template % (info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3], info[4], info[5], info[6], info[0], info[0])
content = re.sub(r"\{%content%\}", html, content)
return content
@route(r"/update/(\d*)\.html")
def update(file_name, url):
"""显示 更新页面的内容"""
try:
template_file_name = template_root + "/update.html"
f = open(template_file_name)
except Exception as ret:
return "%s,,,没有找到%s" % (ret, template_file_name)
else:
content = f.read()
f.close()
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
stock_code = ret.group(1)
else:
stock_code = 0
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
# 会出现sql注入，怎样修改呢？ 参数化
sql = """select focus.note_info from focus inner join info on focus.info_id=info.id where info.code=%s;""" % stock_code
cursor.execute(sql)
stock_note_info = cursor.fetchone()
cursor.close()
db.close()
content = re.sub(r"\{%code%\}", stock_code, content)
content = re.sub(r"\{%note_info%\}", str(stock_note_info[0]), content)
return content
@route(r"/update/(\d*)/(.*)\.html")
def update_note_info(file_name, url):
"""进行数据的真正更新"""
stock_code = 0
stock_note_info = ""
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
stock_code = ret.group(1)
stock_note_info = ret.group(2)
stock_note_info = unquote(stock_note_info) # ------ 添加 -------
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',port=3306,user='root',password='mysql',database='stock_db',charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()
# 会出现sql注入，怎样修改呢？ 参数化
sql = """update focus inner join info on focus.info_id=info.id set focus.note_info="%s" where info.code=%s;""" % (stock_note_info, stock_code)
cursor.execute(sql)
db.commit()
cursor.close()
db.close()
return "修改成功"
def app(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]
start_response(status, response_headers)
file_name = environ['PATH_INFO']
try:
for url, call_func in g_url_route.items():
print(url)
ret = re.match(url, file_name)
if ret:
return call_func(file_name, url)
break
else:
return "没有访问的页面--->%s" % file_name
except Exception as ret:
return "%s" % ret
else:
return str(environ) + '-----404--->%s\n'
logging日志模块
- 日志级别
日志一共分成5个等级，从低到高分别是：
DEBUG
INFO
WARNING
ERROR
CRITICAL
说明:
DEBUG：详细的信息,通常只出现在诊断问题上
INFO：确认一切按预期运行
WARNING：一个迹象表明,一些意想不到的事情发生了,或表明一些问题在不久的将来(例如。磁盘空间低”)。这个软件还能按预期工作。
ERROR：更严重的问题,软件没能执行一些功能
CRITICAL：一个严重的错误,这表明程序本身可能无法继续运行
这5个等级，也分别对应5种打日志的方法： debug 、info 、warning 、error 、critical。默认的是WARNING，当在WARNING或之上时才被跟踪。
- 日志输出
有两种方式记录跟踪，一种输出控制台，另一种是记录到文件中，如日志文件。
（1）将日志输出到控制台
比如：log1.py 如下
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.WARNING,
format='%(asctime)s - %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] - %(levelname)s: %(message)s')
# 开始使用log功能
logging.info('这是 loggging info message')
logging.debug('这是 loggging debug message')
logging.warning('这是 loggging a warning message')
logging.error('这是 an loggging error message')
logging.critical('这是 loggging critical message')
（2）说明：
通过logging.basicConfig函数对日志的输出格式及方式做相关配置，上面代码设置日志的输出等级是WARNING级别，意思是WARNING级别以上的日志才会输出。另外还制定了日志输出的格式。
注意，只要用过一次log功能再次设置格式时将失效，实际开发中格式肯定不会经常变化，所以刚开始时需要设定好格式
- 将日志输出到文件
我们还可以将日志输出到文件，只需要在logging.basicConfig函数中设置好输出文件的文件名和写文件的模式。
log2.py 如下：
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.WARNING,
filename='./log.txt',
filemode='w',
format='%(asctime)s - %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] - %(levelname)s: %(message)s')
# use logging
logging.info('这是 loggging info message')
logging.debug('这是 loggging debug message')
logging.warning('这是 loggging a warning message')
logging.error('这是 an loggging error message')
logging.critical('这是 loggging critical message')
- 既要把日志输出到控制台， 还要写入日志文件
这就需要一个叫作Logger 的对象来帮忙，下面将对他进行详细介绍，现在这里先学习怎么实现把日志既要输出到控制台又要输出到文件的功能
import logging
# 第一步，创建一个logger
logger = logging.getLogger()
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) # Log等级总开关
# 第二步，创建一个handler，用于写入日志文件
logfile = './log.txt'
fh = logging.FileHandler(logfile, mode='a') # open的打开模式这里可以进行参考
fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) # 输出到file的log等级的开关
# 第三步，再创建一个handler，用于输出到控制台
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
ch.setLevel(logging.WARNING) # 输出到console的log等级的开关
# 第四步，定义handler的输出格式
formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] - %(levelname)s: %(message)s")
fh.setFormatter(formatter)
ch.setFormatter(formatter)
# 第五步，将logger添加到handler里面
logger.addHandler(fh)
logger.addHandler(ch)
# 日志
logger.debug('这是 logger debug message')
logger.info('这是 logger info message')
logger.warning('这是 logger warning message')
logger.error('这是 logger error message')
logger.critical('这是 logger critical message')
运行时终端的输出结果:
2017-11-06 23:14:04,731 - log3.py[line:28] - WARNING: 这是 logger warning message
2017-11-06 23:14:04,731 - log3.py[line:29] - ERROR: 这是 logger error message
2017-11-06 23:14:04,731 - log3.py[line:30] - CRITICAL: 这是 logger critical message
在log.txt中，有如下数据：
2017-11-06 23:14:04,731 - log3.py[line:27] - INFO: 这是 logger info message
2017-11-06 23:14:04,731 - log3.py[line:28] - WARNING: 这是 logger warning message
2017-11-06 23:14:04,731 - log3.py[line:29] - ERROR: 这是 logger error message
2017-11-06 23:14:04,731 - log3.py[line:30] - CRITICAL: 这是 logger critical message
- 日志格式说明
logging.basicConfig函数中，可以指定日志的输出格式format，这个参数可以输出很多有用的信息，如下:
%(levelno)s: 打印日志级别的数值
%(levelname)s: 打印日志级别名称
%(pathname)s: 打印当前执行程序的路径，其实就是sys.argv[0]
%(filename)s: 打印当前执行程序名
%(funcName)s: 打印日志的当前函数
%(lineno)d: 打印日志的当前行号
%(asctime)s: 打印日志的时间
%(thread)d: 打印线程ID
%(threadName)s: 打印线程名称
%(process)d: 打印进程ID
%(message)s: 打印日志信息
在工作中给的常用格式如下:
format='%(asctime)s - %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] - %(levelname)s: %(message)s'
这个格式可以输出日志的打印时间，是哪个模块输出的，输出的日志级别是什么，以及输入的日志内容。