联系客服功能在项目中很难避免,一般有下面三种实现方式:
第一种方式,最low的,实现简单,但是浪费用户流量;第二种方式,接入简单,功能强大,但是可能需要一定的成本(比如付费);第三种方式,需要一定的开发成本(服务器托管费用忽略)。对于第三种情况的 socket,实现IM的文字加音视频聊天,做过的话你可以也会直接懵逼。但是,简单的文字聊天还好,不过你还是需要去定义一些协议来实现这样一个功能。如果我们使用websocket,那事情就变的简单很多。
WebSocket一种在单个 TCP 连接上进行全双工通讯的协议。WebSocket通信协议于2011年被IETF定为标准RFC 6455,并被RFC7936所补充规范,WebSocketAPI被W3C定为标准。
WebSocket 是独立的、创建在 TCP 上的协议,和 HTTP 的唯一关联是使用 HTTP 协议的101状态码进行协议切换,使用的 TCP 端口是80,可以用于绕过大多数防火墙的限制。
WebSocket 使得客户端和服务器之间的数据交换变得更加简单,允许服务端直接向客户端推送数据而不需要客户端进行请求,在 WebSocket API 中,浏览器和服务器只需要完成一次握手,两者之间就直接可以创建持久性的连接,并允许数据进行双向传送。
目前常见的浏览器如 Chrome、IE、Firefox、Safari、Opera 等都支持 WebSocket,同时需要服务端程序支持 WebSocket。
来自维基百科 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSocket
websocket只是一种协议,类似http,因此与语言无关。这里我使用java来做服务端,同时提供android和html的客户端,通过一个简单的demo来介绍websocket的使用,接下来的一篇会对websocket进行分析。
这里我使用 Java-WebSocket 这个库来实现 websocket server。需要的jar包位于项目的 /Java-WebSocket/dist/java-websocket.jar
位置。效果如下:
代码如下:
public class SocketServer extends WebSocketServer {
private static final int PORT = 2333;
public static void main(String[] args) {
SocketServer server = new SocketServer(PORT);
server.start();
try {
String ip = InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress();
int port = server.getPort();
print(String.format("服务已启动: %s:%d", ip, port));
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(in);
while (true) {
try {
String msg = reader.readLine();
server.broadcastMessage(msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public SocketServer(int port) {
super(new InetSocketAddress(port));
}
public SocketServer(InetSocketAddress address) {
super(address);
}
@Override
public void onOpen(WebSocket webSocket, ClientHandshake clientHandshake) {
String address = webSocket.getRemoteSocketAddress().getAddress().getHostAddress();
String message = String.format("(%s) <加入>", address);
broadcastMessage(message);
print(message);
}
@Override
public void onClose(WebSocket webSocket, int code, String reason, boolean remote) {
String address = webSocket.getRemoteSocketAddress().getAddress().getHostAddress();
String message = String.format("(%s) <离开>", address);
broadcastMessage(message);
print(message);
}
@Override
public void onMessage(WebSocket webSocket, String msg) {
String address = webSocket.getRemoteSocketAddress().getAddress().getHostAddress();
String message = String.format("(%s) %s", address, msg);
broadcastMessage(message);
print(message);
}
@Override
public void onError(WebSocket webSocket, Exception e) {
if (null != webSocket) {
if (!webSocket.isClosed()) {
webSocket.close(0);
}
}
e.printStackTrace();
}
/**
* 广播收到消息
*
* @param msg
*/
private void broadcastMessage(String msg) {
Collection connections = connections();
synchronized (connections) {
for (WebSocket client : connections) {
client.send(msg);
}
}
}
private static void print(String msg) {
System.out.println(String.format("[%d] %s", System.currentTimeMillis(), msg));
}
}
Android
这里也是用java-websocket这个库,效果如下:
核心代码:
public class WebSocketActivity extends BaseActivity {
private static final int STATUS_CLOSE = 0;
private static final int STATUS_CONNECT = 1;
private static final int STATUS_MESSAGE = 2;
@Bind(R.id.etIP)
EditText etIP;
@Bind(R.id.etPort)
EditText etPort;
@Bind(R.id.tvStatus)
TextView tvStatus;
@Bind(R.id.tvMsg)
TextView tvMsg;
@Bind(R.id.rgVersion)
RadioGroup rgVersion;
@Bind(R.id.etMessage)
EditText etMessage;
@Bind(R.id.svContent)
ScrollView svContent;
@Bind(R.id.viewMain)
View viewMain;
@Bind(R.id.btConnect)
Button btConnect;
@Bind(R.id.btDisconnect)
Button btDisconnect;
@Bind(R.id.btSend)
Button btSend;
@OnClick({R.id.btConnect, R.id.btDisconnect, R.id.btSend})
public void onClick(View view) {
switch (view.getId()) {
case R.id.btConnect:
connectToServer();
break;
case R.id.btDisconnect:
if (null != mClient) {
mClient.close();
}
break;
case R.id.btSend:
if (null != mClient) {
String msg = etMessage.getText().toString();
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(msg)) {
try {
mClient.send(msg);
} catch (NotYetConnectedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return;
}
etMessage.setText("");
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
private Client mClient;
private Handler mHandle = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
String message = String.format("[%d] %s\n", System.currentTimeMillis(), msg.obj.toString());
tvMsg.append(message);
switch (msg.what) {
case STATUS_CONNECT:
btConnect.setEnabled(false);
btDisconnect.setEnabled(true);
btSend.setEnabled(true);
break;
case STATUS_CLOSE:
btConnect.setEnabled(true);
btDisconnect.setEnabled(false);
btSend.setEnabled(false);
break;
case STATUS_MESSAGE:
// TODO: 16/8/24
break;
default:
break;
}
svContent.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
svContent.fullScroll(View.FOCUS_DOWN);
}
}, 100);
}
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_web_socket);
ButterKnife.bind(this);
System.setProperty("java.net.preferIPv6Addresses", "false");
System.setProperty("java.net.preferIPv4Stack", "true");
}
private void connectToServer() {
String ip = etIP.getText().toString();
String port = etPort.getText().toString();
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(ip) || TextUtils.isEmpty(port)) {
Snackbar.make(viewMain, "IP and Port 不能为空", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return;
}
String address = String.format("ws://%s:%s", ip, port);
Draft draft = null;
switch (rgVersion.getCheckedRadioButtonId()) {
case R.id.rbDraft10:
draft = new Draft_10();
break;
case R.id.rbDraft17:
draft = new Draft_17();
break;
case R.id.rbDraft75:
draft = new Draft_75();
break;
case R.id.rbDraft76:
draft = new Draft_76();
break;
default:
draft = new Draft_17();
break;
}
try {
URI uri = new URI(address);
mClient = new Client(uri, draft);
mClient.connect();
} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return;
}
tvStatus.setText(address);
}
private class Client extends WebSocketClient {
public Client(URI serverURI) {
super(serverURI);
}
public Client(URI serverUri, Draft draft) {
super(serverUri, draft);
}
@Override
public void onOpen(ServerHandshake handShakeData) {
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = STATUS_CONNECT;
msg.obj = String.format("[Welcome:%s]", getURI());
mHandle.sendMessage(msg);
}
@Override
public void onMessage(String message) {
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = STATUS_MESSAGE;
msg.obj = message;
mHandle.sendMessage(msg);
}
@Override
public void onClose(int code, String reason, boolean remote) {
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = STATUS_CLOSE;
msg.obj = String.format("[Bye:%s]", getURI());
mHandle.sendMessage(msg);
}
@Override
public void onError(Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Html
H5使用了这个库:sstephenson/prototype,效果如下:
核心代码如下:
<script type="text/javascript">
document.observe("dom:loaded", function () {
function log(text) {
var value = (new Date).getTime();
value += ": ";
value += text.escapeHTML();
value += $("log").innerHTML;
$("log").innerHTML = value;
}
if (!window.WebSocket) {
alert("浏览器不支持,换一个吧");
}
var ws;
$("connectForm").observe("submit", function (e) {
e.stop();
ws = new WebSocket($F("uri"));
ws.onopen = function () {
log("连接到服务器\n");
}
ws.onmessage = function (e) {
log("服务器信息: " + e.data + "\n");
}
ws.onclose = function () {
log("断开服务器连接\n");
$("uri", "connect").invoke("enable");
$("close").disable();
ws = null;
}
$("uri", "connect").invoke("disable");
$("close").enable();
});
$("close").observe("click", function (e) {
e.stop();
if (ws) {
ws.close();
ws = null;
}
});
$("sendForm").observe("submit", function (e) {
e.stop();
if (ws) {
var message = $("message");
ws.send(message.value);
message.value = "";
message.focus();
}
});
});
script>
所有的代码都可以到github查看:ttdevs。下一篇将通过对websocket协议的分析,来对其做进一步的了解。
参考:
1. https://github.com/sstephenson/prototype
2. https://github.com/TooTallNate/Java-WebSocket/
3. http://www.cnblogs.com/wlfcolin/p/5193583.html