Notes for When nudge comes to shove
Vocabulary:
1. heavy-handed 严厉的；粗暴的
E.g. They are blamed for heavy-handed tactics.
2. roll out 推出；推行
E.g. He could not wait any longer to roll out the revised tax code.
3. stray 走入歧途；犯罪
E.g. It watched that they did not stray, and that no one stole them.
4. by and large 大体上；总的来说
E.g. By and large we try to celebrate creative people in the city.
5. allay 减轻；使缓和
E.g. Orr tried to allay concerns.
6. gain ground 越来越为人所接受
E.g. Anti-immigrant parties are gaining ground in Europe.
7. tweak 调整；扭；拧
E.g. He gave the boy's ear a painful tweak.
8. opt out 退出
E.g. They drop out of school, or they opt out of life altogether.
9. harness 治理；利用
E.g. And if we harness our power, we can change the world.
10. nefarious 极坏的；恶毒的
E.g. Lucinda is uncorrupted by nefarious influences.
11. on appeal 在上诉
E.g. Gay-rights groups successfully challenged the law, first in a San Francisco district court and then on appeal.
Sentences:
1. And the approach was less heavy- handed than imposing quotas for poorer pupils, an option previous governments had considered.
The approach + was + less heavy- handed than + doing...
2. Nudges that involve making the desired choice more attractive, or at least more obvious, range from making the wording on letters about late payment of taxes more emphatic to placing healthy food at eye level in canteens.
Nudges (...) + range from A to B
3. Laws in some American states that have suppressed black people's votes, such as those passed by North Carolina in 2013, look remarkably like nefarious nudges, from limiting the types of IDS that can be used for registration to banning out- of- precinct voting.
Laws (...) + look like + nefarious nudges