Go实战--golang中获取公网ip、查看内网ip、检测ip类型、校验ip区间、ip地址string和int转换、根据ip判断地区国家运营商等

生命不止,继续 go go go!!!

之前,有介绍过golang提供的标准库:net包

Go语言学习之net包(The way to go)

简要回味net包

func ParseIP

func ParseIP(s string) IP

ParseIP parses s as an IP address, returning the result. The string s can be in dotted decimal (“192.0.2.1”) or IPv6 (“2001:db8::68”) form. If s is not a valid textual representation of an IP address, ParseIP returns nil.

func InterfaceAddrs

func InterfaceAddrs() ([]Addr, error)

InterfaceAddrs returns a list of the system’s unicast interface addresses.

The returned list does not identify the associated interface; use Interfaces and Interface.Addrs for more detail.

type IPNet
An IPNet represents an IP network.

type IPNet struct {
        IP   IP     // network number
        Mask IPMask // network mask
}

type IP

An IP is a single IP address, a slice of bytes. Functions in this package accept either 4-byte (IPv4) or 16-byte (IPv6) slices as input.

Note that in this documentation, referring to an IP address as an IPv4 address or an IPv6 address is a semantic property of the address, not just the length of the byte slice: a 16-byte slice can still be an IPv4 address.

type IP []byte

func IPv4

func IPv4(a, b, c, d byte) IP

IPv4 returns the IP address (in 16-byte form) of the IPv4 address a.b.c.d.

点到为止,更详细的请看文档:https://golang.org/pkg/net

什么是外网IP和内网IP?

tcp/ip协议中,专门保留了三个IP地址区域作为私有地址,其地址范围如下:
10.0.0.0/8:10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0/12:172.16.0.0~172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0/16:192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255

什么是内网IP

一些小型企业或者学校,通常都是申请一个固定的IP地址,然后通过IP共享(IP Sharing),使用整个公司或学校的机器都能够访问互联网。而这些企业或学校的机器使用的IP地址就是内网IP,内网IP是在规划IPv4协议时,考虑到IP地址资源可能不足,就专门为内部网设计私有IP地址(或称之为保留地址),一般常用内网IP地址都是这种形式的:10.X.X.X、172.16.X.X-172.31.X.X、192.168.X.X等。需要注意的是,内网的计算机可向Internet上的其他计算机发送连接请求,但Internet上其他的计算机无法向内网的计算机发送连接请求。我们平时可能在内网机器上搭建过网站或者FTP服务器,而在外网是不能访问该网站和FTP服务器的,原因就在于此。

什么是公网IP

公网IP就是除了保留IP地址以外的IP地址,可以与Internet上的其他计算机随意互相访问。我们通常所说的IP地址,其实就是指的公网IP。互联网上的每台计算机都有一个独立的IP地址,该IP地址唯一确定互联网上的一台计算机。这里的IP地址就是指的公网IP地址。

怎样理解互联网上的每台计算机都有一个唯一的IP地址

其实,互联网上的计算机是通过“公网IP+内网IP”来唯一确定的,就像很多大楼都是201房间一样,房间号可能一样,但是大楼肯定是唯一的。公网IP地址和内网IP地址也是同样,不同企业或学校的机器可能有相同的内网IP地址,但是他们的公网IP地址肯定不同。那么这些企业或学校的计算机是怎样IP地址共享的呢?这就需要使用NAT(Network Address Translation,网络地址转换)功能。当内部计算机要连接互联网时,首先需要通过NAT技术,将内部计算机数据包中有关IP地址的设置都设成NAT主机的公共IP地址,然后再传送到Internet,虽然内部计算机使用的是私有IP地址,但在连接Internet时,就可以通过NAT主机的NAT技术,将内网我IP地址修改为公网IP地址,如此一来,内网计算机就可以向Internet请求数据了。

获取公网ip

百度ip,即可查看公网ip

curl命令查看公网ip

curl ipinfo.io/ip

通过http://myexternalip.com/raw获取公网ip

func get_external() string {
    resp, err := http.Get("http://myexternalip.com/raw")
    if err != nil {
        return ""
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    content, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    //buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
    //buf.ReadFrom(resp.Body)
    //s := buf.String()
    return string(content)
}

获取本地ip

func GetIntranetIp() {
    addrs, err := net.InterfaceAddrs()

    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        os.Exit(1)
    }

    for _, address := range addrs {

        // 检查ip地址判断是否回环地址
        if ipnet, ok := address.(*net.IPNet); ok && !ipnet.IP.IsLoopback() {
            if ipnet.IP.To4() != nil {
                fmt.Println("ip:", ipnet.IP.String())
            }

        }
    }
}

通过dns服务器8.8.8.8:80获取使用的ip

func GetPulicIP() string {
    conn, _ := net.Dial("udp", "8.8.8.8:80")
    defer conn.Close()
    localAddr := conn.LocalAddr().String()
    idx := strings.LastIndex(localAddr, ":")
    return localAddr[0:idx]
}

判断是否是公网ip

func IsPublicIP(IP net.IP) bool {
    if IP.IsLoopback() || IP.IsLinkLocalMulticast() || IP.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
        return false
    }
    if ip4 := IP.To4(); ip4 != nil {
        switch true {
        case ip4[0] == 10:
            return false
        case ip4[0] == 172 && ip4[1] >= 16 && ip4[1] <= 31:
            return false
        case ip4[0] == 192 && ip4[1] == 168:
            return false
        default:
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}

ip地址string转int

func inet_aton(ipnr net.IP) int64 {
    bits := strings.Split(ipnr.String(), ".")

    b0, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[0])
    b1, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[1])
    b2, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[2])
    b3, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[3])

    var sum int64

    sum += int64(b0) << 24
    sum += int64(b1) << 16
    sum += int64(b2) << 8
    sum += int64(b3)

    return sum
}

ip地址int转string

func inet_ntoa(ipnr int64) net.IP {
    var bytes [4]byte
    bytes[0] = byte(ipnr & 0xFF)
    bytes[1] = byte((ipnr >> 8) & 0xFF)
    bytes[2] = byte((ipnr >> 16) & 0xFF)
    bytes[3] = byte((ipnr >> 24) & 0xFF)

    return net.IPv4(bytes[3], bytes[2], bytes[1], bytes[0])
}

判断ip地址区间

func IpBetween(from net.IP, to net.IP, test net.IP) bool {
    if from == nil || to == nil || test == nil {
        fmt.Println("An ip input is nil") // or return an error!?
        return false
    }

    from16 := from.To16()
    to16 := to.To16()
    test16 := test.To16()
    if from16 == nil || to16 == nil || test16 == nil {
        fmt.Println("An ip did not convert to a 16 byte") // or return an error!?
        return false
    }

    if bytes.Compare(test16, from16) >= 0 && bytes.Compare(test16, to16) <= 0 {
        return true
    }
    return false
}

通过淘宝接口根据公网ip获取国家运营商等信息

接口:
http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php?ip=


type IPInfo struct {
    Code int `json:"code"`
    Data IP  `json:"data`
}

type IP struct {
    Country   string `json:"country"`
    CountryId string `json:"country_id"`
    Area      string `json:"area"`
    AreaId    string `json:"area_id"`
    Region    string `json:"region"`
    RegionId  string `json:"region_id"`
    City      string `json:"city"`
    CityId    string `json:"city_id"`
    Isp       string `json:"isp"`
}

func TabaoAPI(ip string) *IPInfo {
    url := "http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php?ip="
    url += ip

    resp, err := http.Get(url)
    if err != nil {
        return nil
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()

    out, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        return nil
    }
    var result IPInfo
    if err := json.Unmarshal(out, &result); err != nil {
        return nil
    }

    return &result
}

完整代码

package main

import (
    "bytes"
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "net"
    "net/http"
    "os"
    "strconv"
    "strings"
)

type IPInfo struct {
    Code int `json:"code"`
    Data IP  `json:"data`
}

type IP struct {
    Country   string `json:"country"`
    CountryId string `json:"country_id"`
    Area      string `json:"area"`
    AreaId    string `json:"area_id"`
    Region    string `json:"region"`
    RegionId  string `json:"region_id"`
    City      string `json:"city"`
    CityId    string `json:"city_id"`
    Isp       string `json:"isp"`
}

func main() {

    external_ip := get_external()

    external_ip = strings.Replace(external_ip, "\n", "", -1)
    fmt.Println("公网ip是: ", external_ip)

    fmt.Println("------Dividing Line------")

    ip := net.ParseIP(external_ip)
    if ip == nil {
        fmt.Println("您输入的不是有效的IP地址,请重新输入!")
    } else {
        result := TabaoAPI(string(external_ip))
        if result != nil {
            fmt.Println("国家:", result.Data.Country)
            fmt.Println("地区:", result.Data.Area)
            fmt.Println("城市:", result.Data.City)
            fmt.Println("运营商:", result.Data.Isp)
        }
    }

    fmt.Println("------Dividing Line------")

    GetIntranetIp()

    fmt.Println("------Dividing Line------")

    ip_int := inet_aton(net.ParseIP(external_ip))
    fmt.Println("Convert IPv4 address to decimal number(base 10) :", ip_int)

    ip_result := inet_ntoa(ip_int)
    fmt.Println("Convert decimal number(base 10) to IPv4 address:", ip_result)

    fmt.Println("------Dividing Line------")

    is_between := IpBetween(net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"), net.ParseIP("255.255.255.255"), net.ParseIP(external_ip))
    fmt.Println("check result: ", is_between)

    fmt.Println("------Dividing Line------")
    is_public_ip := IsPublicIP(net.ParseIP(external_ip))
    fmt.Println("It is public ip: ", is_public_ip)

    is_public_ip = IsPublicIP(net.ParseIP("169.254.85.131"))
    fmt.Println("It is public ip: ", is_public_ip)

    fmt.Println("------Dividing Line------")
    fmt.Println(GetPulicIP())
}

func get_external() string {
    resp, err := http.Get("http://myexternalip.com/raw")
    if err != nil {
        return ""
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    content, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
    buf.ReadFrom(resp.Body)
    //s := buf.String()
    return string(content)
}

func GetIntranetIp() {
    addrs, err := net.InterfaceAddrs()

    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        os.Exit(1)
    }

    for _, address := range addrs {

        // 检查ip地址判断是否回环地址
        if ipnet, ok := address.(*net.IPNet); ok && !ipnet.IP.IsLoopback() {
            if ipnet.IP.To4() != nil {
                fmt.Println("ip:", ipnet.IP.String())
            }

        }
    }
}

func TabaoAPI(ip string) *IPInfo {
    url := "http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php?ip="
    url += ip

    resp, err := http.Get(url)
    if err != nil {
        return nil
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()

    out, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        return nil
    }
    var result IPInfo
    if err := json.Unmarshal(out, &result); err != nil {
        return nil
    }

    return &result
}

func inet_ntoa(ipnr int64) net.IP {
    var bytes [4]byte
    bytes[0] = byte(ipnr & 0xFF)
    bytes[1] = byte((ipnr >> 8) & 0xFF)
    bytes[2] = byte((ipnr >> 16) & 0xFF)
    bytes[3] = byte((ipnr >> 24) & 0xFF)

    return net.IPv4(bytes[3], bytes[2], bytes[1], bytes[0])
}

func inet_aton(ipnr net.IP) int64 {
    bits := strings.Split(ipnr.String(), ".")

    b0, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[0])
    b1, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[1])
    b2, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[2])
    b3, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[3])

    var sum int64

    sum += int64(b0) << 24
    sum += int64(b1) << 16
    sum += int64(b2) << 8
    sum += int64(b3)

    return sum
}

func IpBetween(from net.IP, to net.IP, test net.IP) bool {
    if from == nil || to == nil || test == nil {
        fmt.Println("An ip input is nil") // or return an error!?
        return false
    }

    from16 := from.To16()
    to16 := to.To16()
    test16 := test.To16()
    if from16 == nil || to16 == nil || test16 == nil {
        fmt.Println("An ip did not convert to a 16 byte") // or return an error!?
        return false
    }

    if bytes.Compare(test16, from16) >= 0 && bytes.Compare(test16, to16) <= 0 {
        return true
    }
    return false
}

func IsPublicIP(IP net.IP) bool {
    if IP.IsLoopback() || IP.IsLinkLocalMulticast() || IP.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
        return false
    }
    if ip4 := IP.To4(); ip4 != nil {
        switch true {
        case ip4[0] == 10:
            return false
        case ip4[0] == 172 && ip4[1] >= 16 && ip4[1] <= 31:
            return false
        case ip4[0] == 192 && ip4[1] == 168:
            return false
        default:
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}

func GetPulicIP() string {
    conn, _ := net.Dial("udp", "8.8.8.8:80")
    defer conn.Close()
    localAddr := conn.LocalAddr().String()
    idx := strings.LastIndex(localAddr, ":")
    return localAddr[0:idx]
}

输出:

公网ip是:  222.128.17*.***
------Dividing Line------
国家: 中国
地区: 华北
城市: 北京市
运营商: 联通
------Dividing Line------
ip: 169.254.85.131
ip: 169.254.64.29
ip: 169.254.211.178
ip: 192.168.106.1
ip: 192.168.154.1
ip: 169.254.212.223
ip: 192.168.10.26
ip: 169.254.63.20
------Dividing Line------
Convert IPv4 address to decimal number(base 10) : 373297****
Convert decimal number(base 10) to IPv4 address: 222.128.17*.***
------Dividing Line------
check result:  true
------Dividing Line------
It is public ip:  true
It is public ip:  false
------Dividing Line------
192.168.10.26

Go实战--golang中获取公网ip、查看内网ip、检测ip类型、校验ip区间、ip地址string和int转换、根据ip判断地区国家运营商等_第1张图片

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