在安装完openldap之后,默认ldap中是没有数据的,需要管理员进行添加,当然添加的方法也不止一种,这里先介绍第一种方法:从本地系统添加用户到ldap中。
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# ldapsearch -x -b "dc=contoso,dc=com" # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 # basewith scope subtree # filter: (objectclass=*) # requesting: ALL # # search result search: 2 result: 32 No such object # numResponses: 1
这是安装完openldap之后对ldap进行的数据查询的结果。
步骤一:安装migrationtools软件包
从本地系统添加用户到ldap的方法,其实就是先添加用户到本地操作系统中,然后通过pl脚本将这些用户转换为ldap能够识别的ldif文件格式,最后通过ldapadd命令导入到ldap中,从而完成ldap数据的导入,要使用pl脚本将本地用户信息转换为ldif文件格式,首先需要安装一个软件,名字为migrationtools。
yum install migrationtools -y # 直接yum安装即可
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# rpm -ql migrationtools /usr/share/doc/migrationtools-47 /usr/share/doc/migrationtools-47/README /usr/share/doc/migrationtools-47/migration-tools.txt /usr/share/migrationtools /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_aliases.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_all_netinfo_offline.sh /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_all_netinfo_online.sh /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_all_nis_offline.sh /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_all_nis_online.sh /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_all_nisplus_offline.sh /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_all_nisplus_online.sh /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_all_offline.sh /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_all_online.sh /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_automount.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_base.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_fstab.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_group.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_hosts.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_netgroup.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_netgroup_byhost.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_netgroup_byuser.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_networks.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_passwd.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_profile.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_protocols.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_rpc.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_services.pl /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_slapd_conf.pl
使用rpm -ql命令可以看到,该软件安装后在/usr/share/migrationtools/目录下生成了很多脚本文件,有shell也有perl,而我们就是使用其中的perl脚本完成ldap文件的生成。
步骤二:修改migrationtools配置文件
cp /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph.bak #备份一下脚本 sed -i 's/padl.com/contoso.com/g' /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph #修改默认的域名padl.com为我的域名,这里为contoso.com,所以只把padl替换为contoso sed -i 's/dc=padl,dc=com/dc=contoso,dc=com/g' /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph #还是域名信息的修改
修改之后,要确保下面两条的值为服务器真实的域名,如下:
$DEFAULT_MAIL_DOMAIN = "contoso.com"; $DEFAULT_BASE = "dc=contoso,dc=com";
步骤三:生成base.ldif文件并导入到ldap中
然后首先生成base.ldif文件
/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_base.pl > base.ldif
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# cat base.ldif dn: dc=contoso,dc=com dc: contoso objectClass: top objectClass: domain dn: ou=Hosts,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: Hosts objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Rpc,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: Rpc objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Services,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: Services objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: nisMapName=netgroup.byuser,dc=contoso,dc=com nismapname: netgroup.byuser objectClass: top objectClass: nisMap dn: ou=Mounts,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: Mounts objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Networks,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: Networks objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: People objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: Group objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Netgroup,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: Netgroup objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Protocols,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: Protocols objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Aliases,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: Aliases objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: nisMapName=netgroup.byhost,dc=contoso,dc=com nismapname: netgroup.byhost objectClass: top objectClass: nisMap
但是这其中有很多信息都不是我所需要的,所以可以删除不需要的信息,修改完成之后,如下:
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# cat base.ldif dn: dc=contoso,dc=com dc: contoso objectClass: top objectClass: domain dn: ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: People objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: Group objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit dn: cn=tech,ou=group,dc=contoso,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup description: Technology gidNumber: 10001 cn: tech
现在,把修改好的base.ldif导入到ldap中,通过使用ldapadd命令来完成。
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=contoso,dc=com" -W -f base.ldif Enter LDAP Password: adding new entry "dc=contoso,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com" adding new entry "ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com" adding new entry "cn=tech,ou=group,dc=contoso,dc=com"
导入完成之后,我再进行一次简单查询:
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# ldapsearch -x -b "dc=contoso,dc=com" # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 # basewith scope subtree # filter: (objectclass=*) # requesting: ALL # # contoso.com dn: dc=contoso,dc=com dc: contoso objectClass: top objectClass: domain # People, contoso.com dn: ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: People objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit # Group, contoso.com dn: ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: Group objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit # tech, Group, contoso.com dn: cn=tech,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup description: Technology gidNumber: 10001 cn: tech # search result search: 2 result: 0 Success # numResponses: 5 # numEntries: 4
可以看到,ldap中已经存在之前导入的ou和group了,下面准备用户和组的信息的导入。
步骤四:添加本地系统用户
这里我使用一个脚本(这个脚本不是我写的,而且批量生成用户也算是个简单的脚本吧,怪不得RHCE考这个,原来这里能用到啊。)来批量生成几个用户,然后将这些生成的用户导入到ldap中。
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# cat addusers.sh #!/bin/bash # Add system user for ldap in {1..5};do if id user${ldap} &> /dev/null;then echo "System account already exists" else adduser user${ldap} -u $((10000 + $ldap)) echo user${ldap} | passwd --stdin user${ldap} &> /dev/null echo "user${ldap} system add finish" fi done [root@ldapsrv01 ~]# ./addusers.sh user1 system add finish user2 system add finish user3 system add finish user4 system add finish user5 system add finish [root@ldapsrv01 ~]# id user1 uid=10001(user1) gid=10001(user1) groups=10001(user1) [root@ldapsrv01 ~]# id user2 uid=10002(user2) gid=10002(user2) groups=10002(user2) [root@ldapsrv01 ~]# id user3 uid=10003(user3) gid=10003(user3) groups=10003(user3) [root@ldapsrv01 ~]# id user4 uid=10004(user4) gid=10004(user4) groups=10004(user4) [root@ldapsrv01 ~]# id user5 uid=10005(user5) gid=10005(user5) groups=10005(user5)
步骤五:生成people.ldif和group.ldif文件
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# tail -5 /etc/passwd user1:x:10001:10001::/home/user1:/bin/bash user2:x:10002:10002::/home/user2:/bin/bash user3:x:10003:10003::/home/user3:/bin/bash user4:x:10004:10004::/home/user4:/bin/bash user5:x:10005:10005::/home/user5:/bin/bash [root@ldapsrv01 ~]# tail -5 /etc/passwd > testuser
将这5个用户保存到testuser中,稍后会对这5个本地账户生成ladp用户文件。
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# tail -5 /etc/group user1:x:10001: user2:x:10002: user3:x:10003: user4:x:10004: user5:x:10005: [root@ldapsrv01 ~]# tail -5 /etc/group > testgroup
将这5个组保存到testgroup中,同样稍后会用到。
/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_passwd.pl testuser people.ldif #根据testuser生成ldap用户数据文件people.ldif /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_group.pl testgroup group.ldif #根据testgroup生成ldap组的数据文件group.ldif
注意,这两条命令的执行一定要在testuser/testgroup目录下,否则要加上全路径,不然找不到文件。
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# cat people.ldif dn: uid=user1,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com uid: user1 cn: user1 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: {crypt}$6$Zs9mXyPO$QdqHS8nA/vyjUdnSWLIpM4QiaPtsca1WllXu0dWQOgTza2Qr4TcC3sHbAbJsWI0KannwnM.zFFroqxzglFfJT0 shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10001 gidNumber: 10001 homeDirectory: /home/user1 dn: uid=user2,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com uid: user2 cn: user2 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: {crypt}$6$0dHBettP$u4vVTWuVkRN8NGIecG5O7VSnFDCtcQF/623lLY4Ih6RXORfFcRxh9fFdvssYeg6QAw1KY4LKtk.zwzdVXH2rh1 shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10002 gidNumber: 10002 homeDirectory: /home/user2 dn: uid=user3,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com uid: user3 cn: user3 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: {crypt}$6$CXSotuEN$QSo5gJFlsJ6uZhqaK8qDto.5u2WXwvWSV1JqVP9WMOUVhxZXY8I.XMEUojwGGwpSYY1OtY2Sl/J7dzSk1ey6F/ shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10003 gidNumber: 10003 homeDirectory: /home/user3 dn: uid=user4,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com uid: user4 cn: user4 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: {crypt}$6$ycSPE1gY$ofWgCYtRk9s5LnLKnR4FR5ld10wI6riT2u0jA8wytMm07am1NZreNdhEAJb8.erz4HasyhlsGqecBNdfx5x6S0 shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10004 gidNumber: 10004 homeDirectory: /home/user4 dn: uid=user5,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com uid: user5 cn: user5 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword: {crypt}$6$xVZ5hNeH$GzlC19E6Tiq/4Y3HmtCwRjjKVzvcI2IA.z.QPqhwHU.mSV1UT7uZiaVG8HelvbgZJsn3Z1te75C/DNZ.C0Ov50 shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10005 gidNumber: 10005 homeDirectory: /home/user5
这是生成的people.ldif文件,里面是用户的信息,包括密码等信息,如果某些字段不需要,也可以删除。
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# cat group.ldif dn: cn=user1,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user1 userPassword: {crypt}x gidNumber: 10001 dn: cn=user2,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user2 userPassword: {crypt}x gidNumber: 10002 dn: cn=user3,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user3 userPassword: {crypt}x gidNumber: 10003 dn: cn=user4,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user4 userPassword: {crypt}x gidNumber: 10004 dn: cn=user5,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user5 userPassword: {crypt}x gidNumber: 10005
这是生成的group.ldif文件,里面是用户组的信息,这里的gidNumber就是在本地操作系统中的gid。
因为我之前已经添加了一个tech的用户组,它的gidNumber是10001,会跟即将导入的user1组的gidNumber冲突,所以我先删除tech用户组。
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# ldapdelete -x -D "cn=admin,dc=contoso,dc=com" -W "cn=tech,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com" Enter LDAP Password: [root@ldapsrv01 ~]# ldapsearch -x -b "dc=contoso,dc=com" # extended LDIF # # LDAPv3 # basewith scope subtree # filter: (objectclass=*) # requesting: ALL # # contoso.com dn: dc=contoso,dc=com dc: contoso objectClass: top objectClass: domain # People, contoso.com dn: ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: People objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit # Group, contoso.com dn: ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com ou: Group objectClass: top objectClass: organizationalUnit # search result search: 2 result: 0 Success # numResponses: 4 # numEntries: 3
已经没有tech用户组了,可以开始导入用户和用户组了。
步骤六:导入ldif文件到ldap中
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=contoso,dc=com" -W -f people.ldif Enter LDAP Password: adding new entry "uid=user1,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=user2,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=user3,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=user4,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com" adding new entry "uid=user5,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com"
导入people.ldif文件,操作成功。
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=admin,dc=contoso,dc=com" -W -f group.ldif Enter LDAP Password: adding new entry "cn=user1,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com" adding new entry "cn=user2,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com" adding new entry "cn=user3,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com" adding new entry "cn=user4,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com" adding new entry "cn=user5,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com"
导入group.ldif文件,操作成功。
步骤七:搜索ldap用户和组,验证操作是否成功
再对ldap进行一次用户检索:
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# ldapsearch -LLL -x -D "cn=admin,dc=contoso,dc=com" -W -b "dc=contoso,dc=com" '(uid=*)' Enter LDAP Password: dn: uid=user1,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com uid: user1 cn: user1 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fSQ2JFpzOW1YeVBPJFFkcUhTOG5BL3Z5alVkblNXTElwTTRRaWFQdHN jYTFXbGxYdTBkV1FPZ1R6YTJRcjRUY0Mzc0hiQWJKc1dJMEthbm53bk0uekZGcm9xeHpnbEZmSlQw shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10001 gidNumber: 10001 homeDirectory: /home/user1 dn: uid=user2,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com uid: user2 cn: user2 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fSQ2JDBkSEJldHRQJHU0dlZUV3VWa1JOOE5HSWVjRz×××1ZTbkZEQ3R jUUYvNjIzbExZNEloNlJYT1JmRmNSeGg5ZkZkdnNzWWVnNlFBdzFLWTRMS3RrLnp3emRWWEgycmgx shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10002 gidNumber: 10002 homeDirectory: /home/user2 dn: uid=user3,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com uid: user3 cn: user3 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fSQ2JENYU290dUVOJFFTbzVnSkZsc0o2dVpocWFLOHFEdG8uNXUyV1h 3dldTVjFKcVZQOVdNT1VWaHhaWFk4SS5YTUVVb2p3R0d3cFNZWTFPdFkyU2wvSjdkelNrMWV5NkYv shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10003 gidNumber: 10003 homeDirectory: /home/user3 dn: uid=user4,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com uid: user4 cn: user4 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fSQ2JHljU1BFMWdZJG9mV2dDWXRSazlzNUxuTEtuUjRGUjVsZDEwd0k 2cmlUMnUwakE4d3l0TW0wN2FtMU5acmVOZGhFQUpiOC5lcno0SGFzeWhsc0dxZWNCTmRmeDV4NlMw shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10004 gidNumber: 10004 homeDirectory: /home/user4 dn: uid=user5,ou=People,dc=contoso,dc=com uid: user5 cn: user5 objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: top objectClass: shadowAccount userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fSQ2JHhWWjVoTmVIJEd6bEMxOUU2VGlxLzRZM0htdEN3UmpqS1Z6dmN JMklBLnouUVBxaHdIVS5tU1YxVVQ3dVppYVZHOEhlbHZiZ1pKc24zWjF0ZTc1Qy9ETlouQzBPdjUw shadowLastChange: 17053 shadowMin: 0 shadowMax: 99999 shadowWarning: 7 loginShell: /bin/bash uidNumber: 10005 gidNumber: 10005 homeDirectory: /home/user5
对用户组进行数据检索:
[root@ldapsrv01 ~]# ldapsearch -LLL -x -D "cn=admin,dc=contoso,dc=com" -W -b "dc=contoso,dc=com" '(objectClass=posixGroup)' Enter LDAP Password: dn: cn=user1,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user1 userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fXg= gidNumber: 10001 dn: cn=user2,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user2 userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fXg= gidNumber: 10002 dn: cn=user3,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user3 userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fXg= gidNumber: 10003 dn: cn=user4,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user4 userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fXg= gidNumber: 10004 dn: cn=user5,ou=Group,dc=contoso,dc=com objectClass: posixGroup objectClass: top cn: user5 userPassword:: e2NyeXB0fXg= gidNumber: 10005
已经将在本地使用shell脚本批量创建的5个用户(user1--user5)以及对应的5个用户组(user1--user5)都导入到ldap中,从本地系统添加用户到ldap中的操作完成。