学习python的同学,慢慢的都会接触到装饰器,装饰器在python里是功能强大的语法。装饰器配合python的魔法方法,能实现很多意想不到的功能。废话不多说,如果你已经掌握了闭包的原理,代码的逻辑还是可以看明白的,咱们直接进入正题。
property的意义
@property把一个类的getter方法变成属性,如果还有setter方法,就在setter方法前面加上@method.setter。使用类属性=property(getx,setx,delx,desc)也是可以的。
实现很简单,那么它背后的原理是什么呢?
Property类的伪代码如下,里面涉及了__get__、__set__、__delete__魔法方法。Decorator类是装饰器类,Target是目标类。当你设置装饰器类的实例对象为目标类的x属性后,当试图访问目标类的x属性会触发装饰器类的__get__方法;当为目标类的x属性赋值时,会触发装饰器类的__setter__方法;尝试删除目标类的x属性时,会触发装饰器类的__delete__方法。当访问Target.x.__doc__,可以打印出装饰器类的描述文档。事实上这种装饰器类也被称为描述符类。描述符类就是将一个特殊类的实例指派给一个类的属性。
类属性实现方式:
class Decorator(object):
def __init__(self, fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None):
self.fget = fget
self.fset = fset
self.fdel = fdel
self.__doc__ = doc
def __get__(self, instance, owner):
if instance is None:
return self
return self.fget(instance)
def __set__(self, instance, value):
self.fset(instance, value)
def __delete__(self, instance):
self.fdel(instance)
def getter(self, fget):
return Decorator(fget, self.fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)
def setter(self, fset):
return Decorator(self.fget, fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)
def deleter(self, fdel):
return Decorator(self.fget, self.fset, fdel, self.__doc__)
class Target(object):
desc = "Amazing pyhton"
def __init__(self, attr=5):
self._x = attr
def getx(self):
return self._x
def setx(self, value):
self._x = value
def delx(self):
del self._x
x = Decorator(getx,setx,delx,desc)
装饰器实现方式:
class Decorator(object):
def __init__(self, fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None):
self.fget = fget
self.fset = fset
self.fdel = fdel
self.__doc__ = doc
def __get__(self, instance, owner):
if instance is None:
return self
return self.fget(instance)
def __set__(self, instance, value):
self.fset(instance, value)
def __delete__(self, instance):
self.fdel(instance)
def getter(self, fget):
return Decorator(fget, self.fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)
def setter(self, fset):
return Decorator(self.fget, fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)
def deleter(self, fdel):
return Decorator(self.fget, self.fset, fdel, self.__doc__)
class Target(object):
desc = "Amazing pyhton"
def __init__(self, attr=5):
self._x = attr
@Decorator
def show(self):
return self._x
@show.setter
def show(self, value):
self._x = value
@show.deleter
def show(self):
del self._x