JavaScript 原型继承

转载自

function Student (name) {
    this.name = name;
    this.hell = function () {
        alert('Hello, ' + this.name + '~');
    }
}

// PrimaryStudent构造函数:
function PrimaryStudent (props) {
    Student.call(this, props);
    this.grade = props.name || 1;
}

// 空函数
// 注意,函数F仅用于桥接,我们仅创建了一个new F()实例,
// 而且,没有改变原有的Student定义的原型链。
function F(){};

// 把F的原型指向Student.prototype;
F.prototype = Student.prototype;

// 把PrimaryStudent的原型指向一个新的F对象,F对象的原型正好指向Student.prototype:
PrimaryStudent.prototype = new F();

// 把PrimaryStudent原型的构造函数修复为PrimaryStudent:
PrimaryStudent.prototype.constructor = PrimaryStudent

// 继续在PrimaryStudent原型(就是new F()对象)上定义方法:
PrimaryStudent.prototype.getGrade = function () {
    return this.grade;
};

var xiaoming = new PrimaryStudent({
    name: '小明',
    grade: 2
})

xiaoming.name; // '小明'
xiaoming.grade; // 2

// 验证原型:
xiaoming.__proto__ === PrimaryStudent.prototype; // true
xiaoming.__proto__.__proto__ === Student.prototype; // true

// 验证继承关系:
xiaoming instanceof PrimaryStudent; // true
xiaoming instanceof Student; // true



// 把继承这个动作用一个inherits()函数封装起来,还可以隐藏F的定义,并简化代码:

function inherits(Child, Parent) {
    var F = function () {};
    F.prototype = Parent.prototype;
    Child.prototype = new F();
    Child.prototype.constructor = Child;
}

function Student(props) {
    this.name = props.name || 'Unnamed';
}

Student.prototype.hello = function () {
    alert('Hello, ' + this.name + '!');
}

function PrimaryStudent(props) {
    Student.call(this, props);
    this.grade = props.grade || 1;
}

// 实现原型继承链:
inherits(PrimaryStudent, Student);

// 绑定其他方法到PrimaryStudent原型:
PrimaryStudent.prototype.getGrade = function () {
    return this.grade;
};

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