STM32F427利用FSMC接口访问FPGA的SRAM（1）—— STM32F427启动文件
该启动文件做好后，才能进行下一步（STM32F427利用FSMC接口访问FPGA的SRAM），所以此文记录如何制作F427的启动文件。
1、参考F407探索者的资料：TFTLCD显示实验、外部SRAM实验。主要了解FSMC的原理。
2、参考STM32F427+FPGA板子的原理图，确定FSMC接口都有啥，包括：D0~D15数据线，A0~A18地址线，NL，CLK，NOE，NWE，NWAIT，NE3，INT0~INT1，NBL0(NLB)~NBL1(NUB)。
3、参考STM32F427 DATASHEET，确定时序图，使用异步非复用的时序图。
选择异步的原因：异步存储器接口类型是最常见的，也是我们最熟知的，MCU一般均采用此类接口。相应的存储器有：SRAM、Flash、NvRAM……等，另外许多以并行方式接口的模拟／数字I/O器件，如A/D、D/A、开入／开出等，也采用异步存储器接口形式实现。
选择非复用的原因：非复用模式为16位数据线及26位地址线分开始用，推荐在144脚及以上的STM32产品上使用该模式。
详细介绍可参考之前的两篇文章。
4、参考STM32F4XX中文参考手册，确定FSMC信号的英文缩写的意思。
5、由于没有F427例程，因此启动文件需要参考F407和F429的启动文件（均为正点原子的例程里的）来做，使用Beyond Compare工具来比对.S文件的差异，发现差异基本就是外部中断方面，F429比F427多了一些，一些中断的命名不太一样。之后通过STM32F4XX中文参考手册的外部中断章节来检查，确定F427的启动文件。
贴出来。。。
;File Name : startup_stm32f427.s
;date : 2018-9-29
;*******************************************************************************
; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack
; Tailor this value to your application needs
; Stack Configuration
; Stack Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
;
Stack_Size EQU 0x00000400
AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size
__initial_sp
; Heap Configuration
; Heap Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
;
Heap_Size EQU 0x00000200
AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
__heap_base
Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size
__heap_limit
PRESERVE8
THUMB
; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY
EXPORT __Vectors
EXPORT __Vectors_End
EXPORT __Vectors_Size
__Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; Top of Stack
DCD Reset_Handler ; Reset Handler
DCD NMI_Handler ; NMI Handler
DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault Handler
DCD MemManage_Handler ; MPU Fault Handler
DCD BusFault_Handler ; Bus Fault Handler
DCD UsageFault_Handler ; Usage Fault Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler
DCD DebugMon_Handler ; Debug Monitor Handler
DCD 0 ; Reserved
DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler
DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick Handler
; External Interrupts
DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window WatchDog
DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detection
DCD TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler ; Tamper and TimeStamps through the EXTI line
DCD RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler ; RTC Wakeup through the EXTI line
DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; FLASH
DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC
DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line0
DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line1
DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line2
DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line3
DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line4
DCD DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 0
DCD DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 1
DCD DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 2
DCD DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 3
DCD DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 4
DCD DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 5
DCD DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream 6
DCD ADC_IRQHandler ; ADC1, ADC2 and ADC3s
DCD CAN1_TX_IRQHandler ; CAN1 TX
DCD CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX0
DCD CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX1
DCD CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN1 SCE
DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ; External Line[9:5]s
DCD TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break and TIM9
DCD TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Update and TIM10
DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation and TIM11
DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare
DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2
DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM3
DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ; TIM4
DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Event
DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error
DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Event
DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Error
DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1
DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2
DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART1
DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2
DCD USART3_IRQHandler ; USART3
DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ; External Line[15:10]s
DCD RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler ; RTC Alarm (A and B) through EXTI Line
DCD OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler ; USB OTG FS Wakeup through EXTI line
DCD TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Break and TIM12
DCD TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Update and TIM13
DCD TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation and TIM14
DCD TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Capture Compare
DCD DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Stream7
DCD FSMC_IRQHandler ; FSMC
DCD SDIO_IRQHandler ; SDIO
DCD TIM5_IRQHandler ; TIM5
DCD SPI3_IRQHandler ; SPI3
DCD UART4_IRQHandler ; UART4
DCD UART5_IRQHandler ; UART5
DCD TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler ; TIM6 and DAC1&2 underrun errors
DCD TIM7_IRQHandler ; TIM7
DCD DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 0
DCD DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 1
DCD DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 2
DCD DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 3
DCD DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 4
DCD ETH_IRQHandler ; Ethernet
DCD ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler ; Ethernet Wakeup through EXTI line
DCD CAN2_TX_IRQHandler ; CAN2 TX
DCD CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler ; CAN2 RX0
DCD CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN2 RX1
DCD CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN2 SCE
DCD OTG_FS_IRQHandler ; USB OTG FS
DCD DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 5
DCD DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 6
DCD DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Stream 7
DCD USART6_IRQHandler ; USART6
DCD I2C3_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C3 event
DCD I2C3_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C3 error
DCD OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS End Point 1 Out
DCD OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS End Point 1 In
DCD OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS Wakeup through EXTI
DCD OTG_HS_IRQHandler ; USB OTG HS
DCD DCMI_IRQHandler ; DCMI
DCD CRYP_IRQHandler ; CRYP crypto
DCD HASH_RNG_IRQHandler ; Hash and Rng
DCD FPU_IRQHandler ; FPU
DCD UART7_IRQHandler ; UART7
DCD UART8_IRQHandler ; UART8
DCD SPI4_IRQHandler ; SPI4
DCD SPI5_IRQHandler ; SPI5
DCD SPI6_IRQHandler ; SPI6
__Vectors_End
__Vectors_Size EQU __Vectors_End - __Vectors
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY
; Reset handler
Reset_Handler PROC
EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK]
IMPORT SystemInit
IMPORT __main
LDR R0, =SystemInit
BLX R0
LDR R0, =__main
BX R0
ENDP
; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)
NMI_Handler PROC
EXPORT NMI_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
HardFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT HardFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
MemManage_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT MemManage_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
BusFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT BusFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
UsageFault_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT UsageFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SVC_Handler PROC
EXPORT SVC_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
DebugMon_Handler\
PROC
EXPORT DebugMon_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
PendSV_Handler PROC
EXPORT PendSV_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
EXPORT SysTick_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
Default_Handler PROC
EXPORT WWDG_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT PVD_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FLASH_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RCC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_TX_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI9_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM1_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EXTI15_10_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM8_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FSMC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SDIO_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIM7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ETH_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN2_TX_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_FS_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USART6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C3_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C3_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT OTG_HS_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DCMI_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CRYP_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT HASH_RNG_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT FPU_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART7_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART8_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI4_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI6_IRQHandler [WEAK]
WWDG_IRQHandler
PVD_IRQHandler
TAMP_STAMP_IRQHandler
RTC_WKUP_IRQHandler
FLASH_IRQHandler
RCC_IRQHandler
EXTI0_IRQHandler
EXTI1_IRQHandler
EXTI2_IRQHandler
EXTI3_IRQHandler
EXTI4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream0_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream1_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream2_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream3_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream5_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream6_IRQHandler
ADC_IRQHandler
CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler
TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler
TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
TIM2_IRQHandler
TIM3_IRQHandler
TIM4_IRQHandler
I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
SPI1_IRQHandler
SPI2_IRQHandler
USART1_IRQHandler
USART2_IRQHandler
USART3_IRQHandler
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
RTC_Alarm_IRQHandler
OTG_FS_WKUP_IRQHandler
TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler
TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler
TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler
TIM8_CC_IRQHandler
DMA1_Stream7_IRQHandler
FSMC_IRQHandler
SDIO_IRQHandler
TIM5_IRQHandler
SPI3_IRQHandler
UART4_IRQHandler
UART5_IRQHandler
TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler
TIM7_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream0_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream1_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream2_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream3_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream4_IRQHandler
ETH_IRQHandler
ETH_WKUP_IRQHandler
CAN2_TX_IRQHandler
CAN2_RX0_IRQHandler
CAN2_RX1_IRQHandler
CAN2_SCE_IRQHandler
OTG_FS_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream5_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream6_IRQHandler
DMA2_Stream7_IRQHandler
USART6_IRQHandler
I2C3_EV_IRQHandler
I2C3_ER_IRQHandler
OTG_HS_EP1_OUT_IRQHandler
OTG_HS_EP1_IN_IRQHandler
OTG_HS_WKUP_IRQHandler
OTG_HS_IRQHandler
DCMI_IRQHandler
CRYP_IRQHandler
HASH_RNG_IRQHandler
FPU_IRQHandler
UART7_IRQHandler
UART8_IRQHandler
SPI4_IRQHandler
SPI5_IRQHandler
SPI6_IRQHandler
B .
ENDP
ALIGN
;*******************************************************************************
; User Stack and Heap initialization
;*******************************************************************************
IF :DEF:__MICROLIB
EXPORT __initial_sp
EXPORT __heap_base
EXPORT __heap_limit
ELSE
IMPORT __use_two_region_memory
EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap
__user_initial_stackheap
LDR R0, = Heap_Mem
LDR R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size)
LDR R3, = Stack_Mem
BX LR
ALIGN
ENDIF
END