query string search
语法格式：GET /Index/Type/_search
搜索全部商品：
GET /store/product/_search
返回结果：
{
"took": 4,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "jiajieshi yagao",
"desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
"price": 25,
"producer": "jiajieshi producer",
"tags": [
"fangzhu"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "gaolujie yagao",
"desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
"price": 30,
"producer": "gaolujie producer",
"tags": [
"meibai",
"fangzhu"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "zhonghua yagao",
"desc": "caoben zhiwu",
"price": 40,
"producer": "zhonghua producer",
"tags": [
"qingxin"
]
}
}
]
}
}
搜索商品名称中包含 "yagao" 的商品并按照售价降序排序：
GET /store/product/_search?q=name:yagao&sort=price:desc
返回结果：
{
"took": 112,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": null,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": null,
"_source": {
"name": "zhonghua yagao",
"desc": "caoben zhiwu",
"price": 40,
"producer": "zhonghua producer",
"tags": [
"qingxin"
]
},
"sort": [
40
]
},
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_score": null,
"_source": {
"name": "gaolujie yagao",
"desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
"price": 30,
"producer": "gaolujie producer",
"tags": [
"meibai",
"fangzhu"
]
},
"sort": [
30
]
},
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_score": null,
"_source": {
"name": "jiajieshi yagao",
"desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
"price": 25,
"producer": "jiajieshi producer",
"tags": [
"fangzhu"
]
},
"sort": [
25
]
}
]
}
}
相关解释：
took：耗费了几毫秒
timed_out：是否超时
_shards：数据拆成了几个分片，这里是 5 个，所以对于搜索请求，会打到所有的 primary shard（或者是它的某个 replica shard 也可以）
hits.total：查询结果的数量
hits.max_score：score 就是 document 对于一个搜素的相关度匹配分数
hits.hits：包含了搜索匹配的 document 的详细数据
适用情况：
适用于临时在命令行中使用，比如使用 curl 工具快速的发出请求来检索想要的信息；但是如果查询请求变得复杂，是很难去构建 query string 的。在生产环境中，几乎很少使用这种方式。
query DSL
DSL：Domain Specified Language，特定领域的语言
请求时会将请求数据放在请求体中（http request body），可以用 JSON 格式来构建查询的语法，比较方便，可以构建各种复杂的查询，比 query string search 强大。
搜索全部商品：
GET /store/product/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
搜索商品名称中包含 "yagao" 的商品并按照售价降序排序：
GET /store/product/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"name": "yagao"
}
},
"sort": [
{
"price": {
"order": "desc"
}
}
]
}
或者
GET /store/product/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"name": "yagao"
}
},
"sort": [
{
"price": "desc"
}
]
}
分页查询，总共 3 条商品，假设每页就显示 1 条商品，现在显示第 2 页
GET /store/product/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"from": 1,
"size": 1
}
指定查询字段，比如只查询 "name" 和 "price"
GET /store/product/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"_source": ["name", "price"]
}
query filter
搜索商品名称包含 "yagao"，而且售价大于 25 元的商品
GET /store/product/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"name": "yagao"
}
}
],
"filter": {
"range": {
"price": {
"gt": 25
}
}
}
}
}
}
full-text search（全文检索）
首先新增一条商品：
PUT /store/product/4
{
"name": "special yagao",
"desc": "special meibai",
"price": 50,
"producer": "special yagao producer",
"tags": [
"meibai"
]
}
查询所有的商品：
GET /store/product/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
返回结果：
{
"took": 3,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 4,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "jiajieshi yagao",
"desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
"price": 25,
"producer": "jiajieshi producer",
"tags": [
"fangzhu"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "4",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "special yagao",
"desc": "special meibai",
"price": 50,
"producer": "special yagao producer",
"tags": [
"meibai"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "gaolujie yagao",
"desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
"price": 30,
"producer": "gaolujie producer",
"tags": [
"meibai",
"fangzhu"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "zhonghua yagao",
"desc": "caoben zhiwu",
"price": 40,
"producer": "zhonghua producer",
"tags": [
"qingxin"
]
}
}
]
}
}
搜索商品生产厂家包含 "yagao producer" 的商品：
GET /store/product/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"producer": "yagao producer"
}
}
}
返回结果：
{
"took": 10,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 4,
"max_score": 0.70293105,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "4",
"_score": 0.70293105,
"_source": {
"name": "special yagao",
"desc": "special meibai",
"price": 50,
"producer": "special yagao producer",
"tags": [
"meibai"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 0.25811607,
"_source": {
"name": "gaolujie yagao",
"desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
"price": 30,
"producer": "gaolujie producer",
"tags": [
"meibai",
"fangzhu"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 0.25811607,
"_source": {
"name": "zhonghua yagao",
"desc": "caoben zhiwu",
"price": 40,
"producer": "zhonghua producer",
"tags": [
"qingxin"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.1805489,
"_source": {
"name": "jiajieshi yagao",
"desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
"price": 25,
"producer": "jiajieshi producer",
"tags": [
"fangzhu"
]
}
}
]
}
}
说明：
语法看上去和 query DSL 没什么区别，重点在于 producer 这个字段。
现在有四个商品，producer 这个字段对应的值分别是：
"gaolujie producer"
"jiajieshi producer"
"zhonghua producer"
"special yagao producer"
对 4 个商品中的 producer 这个字段对应的值进行拆解，建立倒排索引，拆解结果如下：
special 4
yagao 4
producer 1,2,3,4
gaolujie 1
jiajieshi 2
zhonghua 3
搜索的是 "yagao producer"，注意中间的空格，这时会拆分成两个词 "yagao" 和 "producer"。"yagao" 匹配 id 为 4 的商品，"producer" 匹配 id 为 1，2，3，4的商品，两个词都被匹配到了，所以 id 为 4 的商品 _score 最大。
phrase search（短语搜索）
跟全文检索相对应，相反，全文检索会将搜索字符串拆解开来，去倒排索引中进行一一匹配，只要能匹配上任意一个拆解后的单词，就可以作为结果返回。phrase search，要求搜索字符串必须在指定的字段文本中，完全包含一模一样的，才算匹配，才会作为结果返回。
GET /store/product/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase": {
"producer": "yagao producer"
}
}
}
返回结果：
{
"took": 15,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 1,
"max_score": 0.70293105,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "4",
"_score": 0.70293105,
"_source": {
"name": "special yagao",
"desc": "special meibai",
"price": 50,
"producer": "special yagao producer",
"tags": [
"meibai"
]
}
}
]
}
}
highlight search（高亮搜索结果）
对查询结果中的 producer field 进行高亮
GET /store/product/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"producer": "producer"
}
},
"highlight": {
"fields": {
"producer": {}
}
}
}
返回结果：
{
"took": 39,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 4,
"max_score": 0.25811607,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 0.25811607,
"_source": {
"name": "gaolujie yagao",
"desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
"price": 30,
"producer": "gaolujie producer",
"tags": [
"meibai",
"fangzhu"
]
},
"highlight": {
"producer": [
"gaolujie producer"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 0.25811607,
"_source": {
"name": "zhonghua yagao",
"desc": "caoben zhiwu",
"price": 40,
"producer": "zhonghua producer",
"tags": [
"qingxin"
]
},
"highlight": {
"producer": [
"zhonghua producer"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 0.1805489,
"_source": {
"name": "jiajieshi yagao",
"desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
"price": 25,
"producer": "jiajieshi producer",
"tags": [
"fangzhu"
]
},
"highlight": {
"producer": [
"jiajieshi producer"
]
}
},
{
"_index": "store",
"_type": "product",
"_id": "4",
"_score": 0.14638957,
"_source": {
"name": "special yagao",
"desc": "special meibai",
"price": 50,
"producer": "special yagao producer",
"tags": [
"meibai"
]
},
"highlight": {
"producer": [
"special yagao producer"
]
}
}
]
}
}