python爬虫抓站的一些技巧总结

1、基础抓站

import urllib2
content = urllib2.urlopen('http://XXXX').read()

2、使用代理服务器

import urllib2
proxy_support = urllib2.ProxyHandler({'http':'http://XX.XX.XX.XX:XXXX'})
opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
content = urllib2.urlopen('http://XXXX').read()

3、需要登录的情况

#1 cookie的处理

import urllib2, cookielib
cookie_support= urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookielib.CookieJar())
opener = urllib2.build_opener(cookie_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
content = urllib2.urlopen('http://XXXX').read()

#2 用代理和cookie

opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy_support, cookie_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler)

#3 表单的处理

import urllib
postdata=urllib.urlencode({
    'username':'XXXXX',
    'password':'XXXXX',
    'continueURI':'http://www.verycd.com/',
    'fk':fk,
    'login_submit':'登录'
})

req = urllib2.Request(
    url = 'http://secure.verycd.com/signin/*/http://www.verycd.com/',
    data = postdata
)
result = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()

#4 伪装成浏览器访问

headers = {
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.6) Gecko/20091201 Firefox/3.5.6'
}
req = urllib2.Request(
    url = 'http://secure.verycd.com/signin/*/http://www.verycd.com/',
    data = postdata,
    headers = headers
)

#5 反”反盗链”

headers = {
    'Referer':'http://www.cnbeta.com/articles'
}

4、多线程并发抓取

from threading import Thread
from Queue import Queue
from time import sleep
#q是任务队列
#NUM是并发线程总数
#JOBS是有多少任务
q = Queue()
NUM = 2
JOBS = 10
#具体的处理函数，负责处理单个任务
def do_somthing_using(arguments):
    print arguments
#这个是工作进程，负责不断从队列取数据并处理
def working():
    while True:
        arguments = q.get()
        do_somthing_using(arguments)
        sleep(1)
        q.task_done()
#fork NUM个线程等待队列
for i in range(NUM):
    t = Thread(target=working)
    t.setDaemon(True)
    t.start()
#把JOBS排入队列
for i in range(JOBS):
    q.put(i)
#等待所有JOBS完成
q.join()