SHELL在线中文手册

目录

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第一部分： 绪论

1. 为什么要有Shell编程?

2. ２．从一个Sha-Bang开始

2.1. 运行脚本

2.2. 预备练习

第二部分： 基础

3. 特殊字符

4. 变量和参数介绍

4.1. 变量替换

4.2. 变量赋值

4.3. Bash变量是无类型的

4.4. 特殊变量类型

5. 引用

5.1. 引用变量

5.2. 转义

6. 退出和退出状态

7. 测试

7.1. 测试结构

7.2. 文件测试操作符

7.3. 其他比较操作符

7.4. 嵌套的if/then条件测试

7.5. 检验你对测试（test）的认识

8. 操作符及相关主题

8.1. 操作符

8.2. 数值常量

第三部分： 进阶

9. 访问变量

9.1. 内部变量

9.2. 字符串处理

9.3. 参数替换

9.4. 指定变量的类型: 用 declare 或 typeset

9.5. 间接变量引用

9.6. $RANDOM: 产生随机整数

9.7. 双圆括号结构

10. 循环和分支

10.1. 循环

10.2. 嵌套循环

10.3. 循环控制

10.4. 判断及分支

11. 内部命令与内建命令

11.1. 作业控制命令

12. 外部过滤器,程序与命令

12.1. 基本命令

12.2. 复杂命令

12.3. 时间/日期命令

12.4. 文本处理命令

12.5. 文件与归档命令

12.6. 通信命令

12.7. 终端控制命令

12.8. 数学命令

12.9. 其他的杂项命令

13. 系统和管理员命令

13.1. 分析一个系统脚本

14. 命令替换

15. 算术扩展

16. I/O重定向

16.1. 使用exec

16.2. 重定向代码阻塞

16.3. 应用

17. Here Documents

17.1. Here Strings

18. 中场休息

第四部分： 高级主题

19. 正则表达式

19.1. 正则表达式简介

19.2. 通配

20. 子shell

21. 受限shell

22. 进程替换

23. 函数

23.1. 复杂函数与函数复杂性

23.2. 局部变量

23.3. 没有局部变量的递归

24. 别名

25. 列表结构

26. 数组

27. /dev和/proc

27.1. /dev

27.2. /proc

28. 关于Zeros和Nulls

29. 调试

30. 选项

31. Gotchas

32. 脚本风格

32.1. 非官方的脚本风格

33. 杂项

33.1. 交互与非交互的shell和脚本

33.2. Shell包装

33.3. 测试和比较: 另一种方法

33.4. 递归

33.5. "彩色" 脚本

33.6. 优化

33.7. 多种小技术

33.8. 安全主题

33.9. 可移植性话题

33.10. Windows下的脚本编程

34. Bash,版本2和3

34.1. Bash, 版本2

34.2. Bash, 版本3

35. 后记

35.1. 作者后记

35.2. 关于作者

35.3. 哪里可以取得帮助？

35.4. 制作这本书的工具

35.4.1. 硬件

35.4.2. 软件和排版软件

35.5. 致谢

参考书

A. 贡献的脚本

B. 参考卡片

C. 一个Sed和Awk的初级精短读本

C.1. Sed

C.2. Awk

D. Exit Codes With Special Meanings

E. 一个关于I/O和I/O重定向的简介

F. 标准命令行选项

G. 重要文件

H. 重要系统目录

I. 本地化

J. 历史命令

K. 一个.bashrc例子文件

L. 把DOS批处理文件转换成Shell脚本

M. 练习

M.1. 脚本分析

M.2. 写脚本

N. 修改历史命令

O. 镜像站点

P. 将完成的内容列表

Q. 版权

书中的表格清单

11-1. 作业控制标识

30-1. Bash选项

33-1. 转义序列中数值和彩色的对应表

B-1. 特殊Shell变量表

B-2. 测试操作符: 二元比较操作

B-3. 测试操作符: 文件操作

B-4. 参数替换和扩展

B-5. 字符串操作

B-6. 杂项结构

C-1. 基本的sed操作符

C-2. sed操作符的例子

D-1. "保留的通用" 退出代码值

L-1. DOS的批处理文件关键字 / 变量名 / 操作符, 及shell等价对应表

L-2. DOS 命令和 UNIX 等价命令对应表

N-1. 修订历史

例子脚本列表

2-1. cleanup: A script to clean up the log files in /var/log

2-2. cleanup: An improved clean-up script

2-3. cleanup: An enhanced and generalized version of above scripts.

3-1. Code blocks and I/O redirection

3-2. Saving the results of a code block to a file

3-3. Running a loop in the background

3-4. Backup of all files changed in last day

4-1. Variable assignment and substitution

4-2. Plain Variable Assignment

4-3. Variable Assignment, plain and fancy

4-4. Integer or string?

4-5. Positional Parameters

4-6. wh, whois domain name lookup

4-7. Using shift

5-1. Echoing Weird Variables

5-2. Escaped Characters

6-1. exit / exit status

6-2. Negating a condition using !

7-1. What is truth?

7-2. Equivalence of test, /usr/bin/test, [ ], and /usr/bin/[

7-3. Arithmetic Tests using (( ))

7-4. Testing for broken links

7-5. Arithmetic and string comparisons

7-6. Testing whether a string is null

7-7. zmore

8-1. Greatest common divisor

8-2. Using Arithmetic Operations

8-3. Compound Condition Tests Using && and ||

8-4. Representation of numerical constants

9-1. $IFS and whitespace

9-2. Timed Input

9-3. Once more, timed input

9-4. Timed read

9-5. Am I root?

9-6. arglist: Listing arguments with $* and $@

9-7. Inconsistent $* and $@ behavior

9-8. $* and $@ when $IFS is empty

9-9. Underscore variable

9-10. Inserting a blank line between paragraphs in a text file

9-11. Converting graphic file formats, with filename change

9-12. Emulating getopt

9-13. Alternate ways of extracting substrings

9-14. Using parameter substitution and error messages

9-15. Parameter substitution and "usage" messages

9-16. Length of a variable

9-17. Pattern matching in parameter substitution

9-18. Renaming file extensions:

9-19. Using pattern matching to parse arbitrary strings

9-20. Matching patterns at prefix or suffix of string

9-21. Using declare to type variables

9-22. Indirect References

9-23. Passing an indirect reference to awk

9-24. Generating random numbers

9-25. Picking a random card from a deck

9-26. Random between values

9-27. Rolling a single die with RANDOM

9-28. Reseeding RANDOM

9-29. Pseudorandom numbers, using awk

9-30. C-type manipulation of variables

10-1. Simple for loops

10-2. for loop with two parameters in each [list] element

10-3. Fileinfo: operating on a file list contained in a variable

10-4. Operating on files with a for loop

10-5. Missing in [list] in a for loop

10-6. Generating the [list] in a for loop with command substitution

10-7. A grep replacement for binary files

10-8. Listing all users on the system

10-9. Checking all the binaries in a directory for authorship

10-10. Listing the symbolic links in a directory

10-11. Symbolic links in a directory, saved to a file

10-12. A C-like for loop

10-13. Using efax in batch mode

10-14. Simple while loop

10-15. Another while loop

10-16. while loop with multiple conditions

10-17. C-like syntax in a while loop

10-18. until loop

10-19. Nested Loop

10-20. Effects of break and continue in a loop

10-21. Breaking out of multiple loop levels

10-22. Continuing at a higher loop level

10-23. Using "continue N" in an actual task

10-24. Using case

10-25. Creating menus using case

10-26. Using command substitution to generate the case variable

10-27. Simple string matching

10-28. Checking for alphabetic input

10-29. Creating menus using select

10-30. Creating menus using select in a function

11-1. A script that forks off multiple instances of itself

11-2. printf in action

11-3. Variable assignment, using read

11-4. What happens when read has no variable

11-5. Multi-line input to read

11-6. Detecting the arrow keys

11-7. Using read with file redirection

11-8. Problems reading from a pipe

11-9. Changing the current working directory

11-10. Letting "let" do arithmetic.

11-11. Showing the effect of eval

11-12. Forcing a log-off

11-13. A version of "rot13"

11-14. Using eval to force variable substitution in a Perl script

11-15. Using set with positional parameters

11-16. Reassigning the positional parameters

11-17. "Unsetting" a variable

11-18. Using export to pass a variable to an embedded awk script

11-19. Using getopts to read the options/arguments passed to a script

11-20. "Including" a data file

11-21. A (useless) script that sources itself

11-22. Effects of exec

11-23. A script that exec's itself

11-24. Waiting for a process to finish before proceeding

11-25. A script that kills itself

12-1. Using ls to create a table of contents for burning a CDR disk

12-2. Hello or Good-bye

12-3. Badname, eliminate file names in current directory containing bad characters and whitespace.

12-4. Deleting a file by its inode number

12-5. Logfile: Using xargs to monitor system log

12-6. Copying files in current directory to another

12-7. Killing processes by name

12-8. Word frequency analysis using xargs

12-9. Using expr

12-10. Using date

12-11. Word Frequency Analysis

12-12. Which files are scripts?

12-13. Generating 10-digit random numbers

12-14. Using tail to monitor the system log

12-15. Emulating "grep" in a script

12-16. Looking up definitions in Webster's 1913 Dictionary

12-17. Checking words in a list for validity

12-18. toupper: Transforms a file to all uppercase.

12-19. lowercase: Changes all filenames in working directory to lowercase.

12-20. Du: DOS to UNIX text file conversion.

12-21. rot13: rot13, ultra-weak encryption.

12-22. Generating "Crypto-Quote" Puzzles

12-23. Formatted file listing.

12-24. Using column to format a directory listing

12-25. nl: A self-numbering script.

12-26. manview: Viewing formatted manpages

12-27. Using cpio to move a directory tree

12-28. Unpacking an rpm archive

12-29. Stripping comments from C program files

12-30. Exploring /usr/X11R6/bin

12-31. An "improved" strings command

12-32. Using cmp to compare two files within a script.

12-33. basename and dirname

12-34. Checking file integrity

12-35. Uudecoding encoded files

12-36. Finding out where to report a spammer

12-37. Analyzing a spam domain

12-38. Getting a stock quote

12-39. Updating FC4

12-40. Using ssh

12-41. A script that mails itself

12-42. Monthly Payment on a Mortgage

12-43. Base Conversion

12-44. Invoking bc using a "here document"

12-45. Calculating PI

12-46. Converting a decimal number to hexadecimal

12-47. Factoring

12-48. Calculating the hypotenuse of a triangle

12-49. Using seq to generate loop arguments

12-50. Letter Count"

12-51. Using getopt to parse command-line options

12-52. A script that copies itself

12-53. Exercising dd

12-54. Capturing Keystrokes

12-55. Securely deleting a file

12-56. Filename generator

12-57. Converting meters to miles

12-58. Using m4

13-1. Setting a new password

13-2. Setting an erase character

13-3. secret password: Turning off terminal echoing

13-4. Keypress detection

13-5. Checking a remote server for identd

13-6. pidof helps kill a process

13-7. Checking a CD image

13-8. Creating a filesystem in a file

13-9. Adding a new hard drive

13-10. Using umask to hide an output file from prying eyes

13-11. killall, from /etc/rc.d/init.d

14-1. Stupid script tricks

14-2. Generating a variable from a loop

14-3. Finding anagrams

16-1. Redirecting stdin using exec

16-2. Redirecting stdout using exec

16-3. Redirecting both stdin and stdout in the same script with exec

16-4. Avoiding a subshell

16-5. Redirected while loop

16-6. Alternate form of redirected while loop

16-7. Redirected until loop

16-8. Redirected for loop

16-9. Redirected for loop (both stdin and stdout redirected)

16-10. Redirected if/then test

16-11. Data file "names.data" for above examples

16-12. Logging events

17-1. broadcast: Sends message to everyone logged in

17-2. dummyfile: Creates a 2-line dummy file

17-3. Multi-line message using cat

17-4. Multi-line message, with tabs suppressed

17-5. Here document with parameter substitution

17-6. Upload a file pair to "Sunsite" incoming directory

17-7. Parameter substitution turned off

17-8. A script that generates another script

17-9. Here documents and functions

17-10. "Anonymous" Here Document

17-11. Commenting out a block of code

17-12. A self-documenting script

17-13. Prepending a line to a file

20-1. Variable scope in a subshell

20-2. List User Profiles

20-3. Running parallel processes in subshells

21-1. Running a script in restricted mode

23-1. Simple functions

23-2. Function Taking Parameters

23-3. Functions and command-line args passed to the script

23-4. Passing an indirect reference to a function

23-5. Dereferencing a parameter passed to a function

23-6. Again, dereferencing a parameter passed to a function

23-7. Maximum of two numbers

23-8. Converting numbers to Roman numerals

23-9. Testing large return values in a function

23-10. Comparing two large integers

23-11. Real name from username

23-12. Local variable visibility

23-13. Recursion, using a local variable

23-14. The Towers of Hanoi

24-1. Aliases within a script

24-2. unalias: Setting and unsetting an alias

25-1. Using an "and list" to test for command-line arguments

25-2. Another command-line arg test using an "and list"

25-3. Using "or lists" in combination with an "and list"

26-1. Simple array usage

26-2. Formatting a poem

26-3. Various array operations

26-4. String operations on arrays

26-5. Loading the contents of a script into an array

26-6. Some special properties of arrays

26-7. Of empty arrays and empty elements

26-8. Initializing arrays

26-9. Copying and concatenating arrays

26-10. More on concatenating arrays

26-11. An old friend: The Bubble Sort

26-12. Embedded arrays and indirect references

26-13. Complex array application: Sieve of Eratosthenes

26-14. Emulating a push-down stack

26-15. Complex array application: Exploring a weird mathematical series

26-16. Simulating a two-dimensional array, then tilting it

27-1. Using /dev/tcp for troubleshooting

27-2. Finding the process associated with a PID

27-3. On-line connect status

28-1. Hiding the cookie jar

28-2. Setting up a swapfile using /dev/zero

28-3. Creating a ramdisk

29-1. A buggy script

29-2. Missing keyword

29-3. test24, another buggy script

29-4. Testing a condition with an "assert"

29-5. Trapping at exit

29-6. Cleaning up after Control-C

29-7. Tracing a variable

29-8. Running multiple processes (on an SMP box)

31-1. Numerical and string comparison are not equivalent

31-2. Subshell Pitfalls

31-3. Piping the output of echo to a read

33-1. shell wrapper

33-2. A slightly more complex shell wrapper

33-3. A generic shell wrapper that writes to a logfile

33-4. A shell wrapper around an awk script

33-5. A shell wrapper around another awk script

33-6. Perl embedded in a Bash script

33-7. Bash and Perl scripts combined

33-8. A (useless) script that recursively calls itself

33-9. A (useful) script that recursively calls itself

33-10. Another (useful) script that recursively calls itself

33-11. A "colorized" address database

33-12. Drawing a box

33-13. Echoing colored text

33-14. A "horserace" game

33-15. Return value trickery

33-16. Even more return value trickery

33-17. Passing and returning arrays

33-18. Fun with anagrams

33-19. Widgets invoked from a shell script

34-1. String expansion

34-2. Indirect variable references - the new way

34-3. Simple database application, using indirect variable referencing

34-4. Using arrays and other miscellaneous trickery to deal four random hands from a deck of cards

A-1. mailformat: Formatting an e-mail message

A-2. rn: A simple-minded file rename utility

A-3. blank-rename: renames filenames containing blanks

A-4. encryptedpw: Uploading to an ftp site, using a locally encrypted password

A-5. copy-cd: Copying a data CD

A-6. Collatz series

A-7. days-between: Calculate number of days between two dates

A-8. Make a "dictionary"

A-9. Soundex conversion

A-10. "Game of Life"

A-11. Data file for "Game of Life"

A-12. behead: Removing mail and news message headers

A-13. ftpget: Downloading files via ftp

A-14. password: Generating random 8-character passwords

A-15. fifo: Making daily backups, using named pipes

A-16. Generating prime numbers using the modulo operator

A-17. tree: Displaying a directory tree

A-18. string functions: C-like string functions

A-19. Directory information

A-20. Object-oriented database

A-21. Library of hash functions

A-22. Colorizing text using hash functions

A-23. Mounting USB keychain storage devices

A-24. Preserving weblogs

A-25. Protecting literal strings

A-26. Unprotecting literal strings

A-27. Spammer Identification

A-28. Spammer Hunt

A-29. Making wget easier to use

A-30. A "podcasting" script

A-31. Basics Reviewed

A-32. An expanded cd command

C-1. Counting Letter Occurrences

K-1. Sample .bashrc file

L-1. VIEWDATA.BAT: DOS Batch File

L-2. viewdata.sh: Shell Script Conversion of VIEWDATA.BAT

P-1. Print the server environment

END:http://manual.51yip.com/shell/