基于kubeadm的kubernetes集群部署
目标：使用kubeadm部署kubernetes集群
环境：CentOS 7
步骤：基础环境配置->kubernetes安装前设置(源、镜像及相关配置)->kubeadm部署(master)->启用基于flannel的Pod网络->kubeadm加入node节点->dashboard组件安装与使用->heapster监控组件安装与使用->访问测试
1.基础环境配置
master和所有node节点都需要进行基础环境配置。
(1)net相关项配置
设置ipv4转发：
vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf：增加一行 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
centos7下net-bridge设置：
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-ip6tables
(2)docker安装
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
查看docker版本：
yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r
本文使用Kubernetes 1.10版本，因此选用验证过的17.03.2docker版本。
yum makecache fast
yum install -y --setopt=obsoletes=0 docker-ce-17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos
启动docker：
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker
docker 1.13以上版本默认禁用iptables的forward调用链，因此需要执行开启命令：
iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
2.kubernetes安装前设置(源、镜像及相关配置)
配置源路径：使用国内的阿里源
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpgdocker镜像拉取，因为默认拉取路径为google，因此使用国内镜像。
(1)master节点
vim k8s.sh
docker pull cnych/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.10.0
docker pull cnych/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.10.0
docker pull cnych/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.10.0
docker pull cnych/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.0
docker pull cnych/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.8
docker pull cnych/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.8
docker pull cnych/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.8
docker pull cnych/etcd-amd64:3.1.12
docker pull cnych/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
docker pull cnych/pause-amd64:3.1
docker tag cnych/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.10.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.10.0
docker tag cnych/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.10.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.10.0
docker tag cnych/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.10.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager-amd64:v1.10.0
docker tag cnych/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.0
docker tag cnych/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.8 k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.8
docker tag cnych/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.8 k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.8
docker tag cnych/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.8 k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.8
docker tag cnych/etcd-amd64:3.1.12 k8s.gcr.io/etcd-amd64:3.1.12
docker tag cnych/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64 quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
docker tag cnych/pause-amd64:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64:3.1chmod +x k8s.sh，然后执行./k8s.sh
docker images查看当前镜像：
执行安装命令：
yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
配置kubelet：
docker info | grep Cgroup
修改k8s配置文件：vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf
修改为cgroupfs，与docker匹配
Environment="KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS=--cgroup-driver=cgroupfs"
关闭swap：
Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--fail-swap-on=false"
(2)Node节点
vim k8s-node.sh
docker pull cnych/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.0
docker pull cnych/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
docker pull cnych/pause-amd64:3.1
docker pull cnych/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.3
docker pull cnych/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3
docker pull cnych/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3
docker pull cnych/heapster-amd64:v1.4.2
docker pull cnych/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.8
docker pull cnych/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.8
docker pull cnych/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.8
docker tag cnych/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64 quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
docker tag cnych/pause-amd64:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause-amd64:3.1
docker tag cnych/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy-amd64:v1.10.0
docker tag cnych/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.3 k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.3
docker tag cnych/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3 k8s.gcr.io/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3
docker tag cnych/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3 k8s.gcr.io/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3
docker tag cnych/heapster-amd64:v1.4.2 k8s.gcr.io/heapster-amd64:v1.4.2
docker tag cnych/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.8 k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-kube-dns-amd64:1.14.8
docker tag cnych/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.8 k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-dnsmasq-nanny-amd64:1.14.8
docker tag cnych/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.8 k8s.gcr.io/k8s-dns-sidecar-amd64:1.14.8此处包含了dashboard和heapster相关镜像。
执行过程与master节点相同。
3.kubeadm部署(master)
在master节点执行初始化命令：
kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.10.3 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.0.29
之后按说明执行mkdir -p $HOME/.kube等命令。
kubectl get cs查看集群状态：
4.启用基于flannel的Pod网络
下载yaml文件：wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
启动flannel：kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces查看状态：
5.kubeadm加入node节点
在node节点上执行：
kubeadm join 192.168.0.29:6443 --token xxxx --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash xxxx
在master节点上执行：
kubectl get nodes
6.dashboard组件安装与使用
在master节点安装：kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
创建admin账户配置文件：kubernetes-dashboard-admin.rbac.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
namespace: kube-system执行：kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard-admin.rbac.yaml
查看kubernete-dashboard-admin的token：
kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep kubernetes-dashboard-admin
kubectl describe -n kube-system secret/kubernetes-dashboard-admin-token-gsntr
其中的token即为dashboard登录用的令牌。
修改现有dashboard访问方式为NodePort：修改type类型为NodePort
kubectl -n kube-system edit service kubernetes-dashboard
# Please edit the object below. Lines beginning with a '#' will be ignored,
# and an empty file will abort the edit. If an error occurs while saving this file will be
# reopened with the relevant failures.
#
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
creationTimestamp: 2018-05-29T09:09:30Z
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
resourceVersion: "2647"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard
uid: fe971993-631f-11e8-9154-fa163e598eb8
spec:
clusterIP: 10.101.128.69
externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
ports:
- nodePort: 30269
port: 443
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 8443
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
sessionAffinity: None
type: NodePort
status:
loadBalancer: {}
7.heapster监控组件安装与使用
在master节点下载heapster配置文件：
mkdir -p ~/k8s/heapster
cd ~/k8s/heapster
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/grafana.yaml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/rbac/heapster-rbac.yaml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/heapster.yaml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/influxdb.yaml
修改heapster.yaml，将版本改为1.4.2
vim k8s-heapster.sh
docker pull cnych/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3
docker pull cnych/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3
docker pull cnych/heapster-amd64:v1.4.2
docker tag cnych/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3 k8s.gcr.io/heapster-influxdb-amd64:v1.3.3
docker tag cnych/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3 k8s.gcr.io/heapster-grafana-amd64:v4.4.3
docker tag cnych/heapster-amd64:v1.4.2 k8s.gcr.io/heapster-amd64:v1.4.2执行k8s-heapster.sh下载镜像
启用heapster：
cd ~/k8s/heapster/
kubectl create -f ./
8.访问测试
查看kube-system pod是否都正常运行：
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
访问dashboard：https://NodeIP:30269
选择令牌登录：
主界面：
