05： Docker概述、部署Docker 、 Docker镜像、Docker基本命令

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NSD CLOUD DAY05

1. 案例1：安装Docker
2. 案例2：镜像基本操作
3. 案例3：镜像与容器常用指令

1 案例1：安装Docker

1.1 问题

本案例要求配置yum源并安装Docker：

• 准备两台虚拟机，IP为192.168.1.10和192.168.1.20
• 安装docker-engine 和 docker-engine-selinux
• 关闭防火墙

1.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：配置yum源

1）配置第三方yum源（真机操作）

1. [root@room9pc01 ~]# mkdir /var/ftp/docker
2. [root@room9pc01 ~]# mv docker-engine-* /var/ftp/docker
3. [root@room9pc01 ~]# ls /var/ftp/docker
4. docker-engine-1.12.1-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
5. docker-engine-selinux-1.12.1-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
6. [root@room9pc01 ~]# createrepo /var/ftp/docker/
7. Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs
8. Spawning worker 1 with 1 pkgs
9. Spawning worker 2 with 0 pkgs
10. Spawning worker 3 with 0 pkgs
11. Spawning worker 4 with 0 pkgs
12. Spawning worker 5 with 0 pkgs
13. Workers Finished
14. Saving Primary metadata
15. Saving file lists metadata
16. Saving other metadata
17. Generating sqlite DBs
18. Sqlite DBs complete

2）配置IP（虚拟机配置静态ip）docker1和docker2主机同样操作

1. [root@localhost ~]# echo docker1 > /etc/hostname
2. [root@localhost ~]# hostname docker1
3. [root@localhost ~]# echo docker2 > /etc/hostname
4. [root@localhost ~]# hostname docker2
5. [root@docker1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
6. # Generated by dracut initrd
7. DEVICE="eth0"
8. ONBOOT="yes"
9. IPV6INIT="no"
10. IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
11. NM_CONTROLLED="no"
12. TYPE="Ethernet"
13. BOOTPROTO="static"
14. IPADDR="192.168.1.10"
15. PREFIX=24
16. GATEWAY=192.168.1.254
17. [root@docker1 ~]# systemctl restart network
18.  
19. [root@docker2 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
20. # Generated by dracut initrd
21. DEVICE="eth0"
22. ONBOOT="yes"
23. IPV6INIT="no"
24. IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
25. NM_CONTROLLED="no"
26. TYPE="Ethernet"
27. BOOTPROTO="static"
28. IPADDR="192.168.1.20"
29. PREFIX=24
30. GATEWAY=192.168.1.254
31. [root@docker1 ~]# systemctl restart network

3）配置yum客户端（docker1和docker2主机同样操作）

1. [root@docker1 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
2. [local_repo]
3. name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
4. baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/system"
5. enabled=1
6. gpgcheck=1
7.  
8. [loca]
9. name=local
10. baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/docker"
11. enabled=1
12. gpgcheck=0
13.  
14. [root@docker2 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
15. [local_repo]
16. name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
17. baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/system"
18. enabled=1
19. gpgcheck=1
20.  
21. [loca]
22. name=local
23. baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/docker"
24. enabled=1
25. gpgcheck=0

4）安装docker（docker1和docker2主机同样操作）

1. [root@docker1 ~]# yum -y install docker-engine
2. [root@docker1 ~]# systemctl restart docker
3. [root@docker1 ~]# systemctl enable docker
4. [root@docker1 ~]# ifconfig     //有docker0说明环境部署完成
5. docker0: flags=4099 mtu 1500
6. inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
7. ether 02:42:3e:e7:3f:6e txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
8. RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
9. RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
10. TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
11. TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
12. [root@docker2 ~]# docker version        //查看版本
13.  
14. [root@docker2 ~]# yum -y install docker-engine
15. [root@docker2 ~]# systemctl restart docker
16. [root@docker2 ~]# systemctl enable docker
17. [root@docker2 ~]# ifconfig     //有docker0说明环境部署完成
18. docker0: flags=4099 mtu 1500
19. inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
20. ether 02:42:53:82:b9:d4 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
21. RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
22. RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
23. TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
24. TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
25. [root@docker2 ~]# docker version        //查看版本

2 案例2：镜像基本操作

2.1 问题

本案例要求熟悉镜像的基本操作：

• 导入镜像
• 导出镜像
• 启动镜像

2.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：docker镜像

1）下载镜像

1. [root@docker1 ~]# docker pull busybox
2. Using default tag: latest
3. latest: Pulling from library/busybox
4. 8c5a7da1afbc: Pull complete
5. Digest: sha256:cb63aa0641a885f54de20f61d152187419e8f6b159ed11a251a09d115fdff9bd
6. Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest

2）上传镜像

1. [root@docker1 ~]# docker push busybox

3）查看镜像

1. [root@docker1 ~]# docker images
2. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
3. busybox latest e1ddd7948a1c 4 weeks ago 1.163 MB

4）查找busybox镜像

1. [root@docker1 ~]# docker search busybox

5）导出busybox镜像为busybox.tar

1. [root@docker1 ~]# docker save busybox:latest >busybox.tar
2. [root@docker1 ~]# ls
3. busybox.tar

6）导入镜像

1. [root@docker1 ~]# scp busybox.tar 192.168.1.20:/root
2. [root@docker2 ~]# ls
3. busybox.tar
4. [root@docker2 ~]# docker load
5. f9d9e4e6e2f0: Loading layer [==================================================>] 1.378 MB/1.378 MB
6. Loaded image: busybox:latest[=> ] 32.77 kB/1.378 MB
7. [root@docker2 ~]# docker images
8. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
9. busybox latest e1ddd7948a1c 4 weeks ago 1.163 MB

7）删除镜像

1. [root@docker2 ~]# docker rmi busybox
2. Untagged: busybox:latest
3. Deleted: sha256:e1ddd7948a1c31709a23cc5b7dfe96e55fc364f90e1cebcde0773a1b5a30dcda
4. Deleted: sha256:f9d9e4e6e2f0689cd752390e14ade48b0ec6f2a488a05af5ab2f9ccaf54c299d

步骤二：一次性导入多个镜像

1. [root@docker1 ~]# yum -y install unzip
2. [root@docker1 ~]# unzip docker_images.zip
3. Archive: docker_images.zip
4. creating: docker_images/
5. inflating: docker_images/nginx.tar
6. inflating: docker_images/redis.tar
7. inflating: docker_images/centos.tar
8. inflating: docker_images/registry.tar
9. inflating: docker_images/ubuntu.tar
10. [root@docker1 ~]# ls
11. busybox.tar docker_images docker_images.zip eip
12. [root@docker1 ~]# cd docker_images
13. [root@docker1 docker_images]# ls
14. centos.tar nginx.tar redis.tar registry.tar ubuntu.tar
15. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker images
16. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
17. busybox latest e1ddd7948a1c 4 weeks ago 1.163 MB
18. [root@docker1 docker_images]# for i in *; do docker load <$i; done

导入多个镜像如图-1所示：

图-1

步骤三：启动镜像

1）启动centos镜像生成一个容器

启动镜像时若不知道后面的命令加什么:

1、可以猜（如：/bin/bash、/bin/sh）

2、可以不加后面的命令，默认启动

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
2. [root@7a652fc72a9f /]# ls /
3. anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
4. [root@7a652fc72a9f /]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
5. [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# ls
6. CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo
7. CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
8. [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# rm -rf C*
9. [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# ls
10. [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]#vi dvd.repo //在容器里面配置一个yum源
11. [local]
12. name=local
13. baseurl=ftp://192.168.1.254/system
14. enable=1
15. gpgcheck=0
16. [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# yum -y install net-tools //安装软件
17. [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# exit
18. exit

3 案例3：镜像与容器常用指令

3.1 问题

本案例要求掌握镜像与容器的常用命令：

• 镜像常用指令练习
• 容器常用指令练习

3.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一：镜像常用命令

1）查看后台运行的容器

1. [root@docker1 ~]# docker run -d nginx //启动nginx的镜像
2. [root@docker1 ~]# docker ps    //查看后台运行的容器
3. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4. 56ec8154f8e0 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon off" 17 minutes ago Up 12 minutes 80/tcp, 443/tcp zen_darwin

2）只显示容器ID

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker ps -q
2. 56ec8154f8e0
3. 85c6b0b62235
4. f7ee40a87af5

3）显示所有的容器,包括没有启动的

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker ps -a

4）显示所有的容器ID

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker ps -qa
2. 56ec8154f8e0
3. 2b68c3960737
4. 85c6b0b62235
5. f7ee40a87af5
6. b261be571648
7. fb2fb8c3d7a8

5）查看centos镜像历史（制作过程），如图-2所示：

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker history centos

图-2

7）删除镜像，启动容器时删除镜像会失败，先删除容器,再删除镜像

格式：docker rmi 镜像名

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rmi nginx //nginx为镜像名
2.  
3. Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "nginx" (must force) - container 4f83871aa42e is using its referenced image a5311a310510 //删除时报错
4. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker stop 4f
5. 4f
6. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rm 4f
7. 4f
8. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rmi nginx //成功删除
9. Untagged: nginx:latest
10. Deleted: sha256:d1fd7d86a8257f3404f92c4474fb3353076883062d64a09232d95d940627459d
11. Deleted: sha256:4d765aea84ce4f56bd623e4fd38dec996a259af3418e2466d0e2067ed0ae8aa6
12. Deleted: sha256:5d385be69c9c4ce5538e12e6e677727ebf19ca0afaff6f035d8043b5e413003a
13. Deleted: sha256:adb712878b60bd7ed8ce661c91eb3ac30f41b67bfafed321395863051596a8e9
14. Deleted: sha256:55a50a618c1b76f784b0b68a0b3d70db93b353fb03227ea6bd87f794cad92917
15. Deleted: sha256:e53f74215d12318372e4412d0f0eb3908e17db25c6185f670db49aef5271f91f

8）修改镜像的名称和标签,默认标签为latest

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker tag centos:latest cen:v1

9）查看镜像的底层信息，如图-3所示：

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker inspect centos

图-3

10）修改镜像的标签

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker tag centos:latest cen:v1
2. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker images
3. REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
4. cen v1 e934aafc2206 5 months ago 198.6 MB
5. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rmi centos //删除centos
6. [root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos
7. //启动的时候，因为是用标签标签启动的，所以会重新通过ID下载
8. [root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos
9. Unable to find image 'centos:latest' locally
10. latest: Pulling from library/centos
11. Digest: sha256:989b936d56b1ace20ddf855a301741e52abca38286382cba7f44443210e96d16
12. Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
13. [root@localhost ~]# docker run -it cen:v1 //通过新建的标签启动cen:v1

步骤二：容器命令

1）关闭容器

命令：docker stop 容器ID

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker stop 0f //0f为容器ID
2. 0f

2）启动容器

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker start 0f
2. 0f

3）重启容器

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker restart 0f
2. 0f

4）删除容器

运行中删除不掉，先关闭容器

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rm 0f //删除失败
2. Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 0f63706692e15134a8f07655a992771b312b8eb01554fc37e1a39b03b28dd05c. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
3. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker stop 0f //关闭容器
4. 0f
5. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rm 0f         //删除成功
6. 0f
7. [root@docker1 docker_images]#

5）连接容器attach|exec

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker attach 0f
2. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker ps //容器关闭
3. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker exec -it 0f /bin/bash
5. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker ps        //容器不会关闭
6. CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7. 0b3c50284a1c centos:v1 "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes tiny_lamarr
8.  
9. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker top f7        //查看容器进程列表
10. [root@localhost ~]# docker run -itd centos:latest
11. [root@0b3c50284a1c /]# ps
12. PID TTY TIME CMD
13. 1 ? 00:00:00 bash
14. 13 ? 00:00:00 ps
15. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker exec -it 85 /bin/bash
16. root@85c6b0b62235:/# sleep 50 &
17. [1] 9
18. root@85c6b0b62235:/# exit
19. exit
20.  
21.  
22. [root@docker1 docker_images]#docker top 85
23.  
24. UID PID PPID C STIME     TTY         TIME      CMD
25. root 2744 2729 0 18:01 pts/4 00:00:00 /bin/bash

6）过滤查看mac和ip地址

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.MacAddress}}' 4f
2. 02:42:ac:11:00:03
3. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' 4f
4. 172.17.0.3

7）修改nginx的显示内容

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker run -it nginx:latest
2.  

1. [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker exec -it 56 /bin/bash
2. root@56ec8154f8e0:/# nginx -T /usr/share/nginx/html/
3. nginx: invalid option: "/usr/share/nginx/html/" //查找并显示结果
4. root@56ec8154f8e0:/# echo aaa > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
5. //修改主页显示的内容
6. root@56ec8154f8e0:/# nginx -T
7. root@56ec8154f8e0:/# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
8. aaa

8）过滤查看nginx的ip地址

1. [root@docker1 ~]# docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' 56
2. 172.17.0.5
3. [root@docker1 ~]# curl 172.17.0.5
4. aaa