Spring Cloud_2_Spring Boot简介与配置
Spring Boot简介与配置
- SpringBoot简介
- SpringBoot使用
- Eeclips创建SpringBoot项目
- Idea创建SpringBoot项目
1、SpringBoot简介
- Spring Cloud是基于SpringBoot搭建的，本小节进行大致讲解
开发一个全新的项目，需要先进行开发环境的搭建
要确定技术框架以及版本，还要考虑各个框架之间的版本兼容问题，对新项目进行配置以及测试
受到Ruby On Rails、Node.js等技术的影响，JavaEE领域需要一种更为简单的开发方式，所以推出了SpringBoot
- 可以使开发者快速搭建项目，使用可以更加专注于开发，无需关注哪个框架依赖哪个版本
- 系统配置、基础代码、项目依赖的 jar 包，甚至是开发时所用到的应用服务器等，Spring Boot 已经帮我们准备好，只要在建立项目时，使用构建工具加入相应的 Spring Boot 依赖包，项目即可运行，使用者无需关心版本兼容等问题。
2、Eclipse创建SpringBoot
2.1、新建Maven项目
2.1.1、加入Web模块
- 为了测试项目的可用性，加入SpringBoot的web启动模块，让该项目具有web容器的功能
- /atm-test/pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<groupId>com.atm.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>atm-testartifactId>
<packaging>warpackaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
<name>atm-test Maven Webappname>
<url>http://maven.apache.orgurl>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junitgroupId>
<artifactId>junitartifactId>
<version>3.8.1version>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
<version>1.5.4.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>atm-testfinalName>
build>
project>- 配置完毕后，该依赖会自动在项目上加入其他Spring模块以及所依赖的第三方包，例如：Spring-core、Spring-beans、Spring-mvc等，其中还加入了内嵌的Tomcat
2.1.2、编写启动类
package com.atm.cloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class,args);
}
}- 执行启动类main方法
2.1.3、编写控制器
package com.atm.cloud;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class MyController {
@GetMapping("/hello")
@ResponseBody
public String hello(){
return "Hello World";
}
}- 加入的Spring-boot-start-web模块，默认集成了SpringMVC，因此只需要编写一个Controller，即可实现最简单的Hello world
- @SpringBootApplication注解，该注解含有@ComponentScan的功能，因此@Controller会被扫描注册
2.2、发布REST WebService
- SpringMVC支持直接发布REST风格的WebService，新建测试对象Person
package com.atm.cloud;
public class Person {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}- 修改控制器
package com.atm.cloud;
//import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
//@Controller
@RestController
public class MyController {
@GetMapping("/hello")
@ResponseBody
public String hello() {
return "Hello World";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/person/{personId}", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
public Person findPerson(@PathVariable("personId") Integer personId) {
Person person = new Person();
person.setId(personId);
person.setName("atm");
person.setAge(18);
return person;
}
}2.3、Springboot配置文件
- SpringCloud基于SpringBoot构建，很多模块的配置均放在SpringBoot的配置文件中
- SpringBoot会按顺序读取各种配置，例如命令行参数、系统参数等
- 本章只讲述配置文件的参数读取，默认情况下，SpringBoot会按顺序到以下目录读取application.properties或者application.yml
- 项目根目录的config目录
- 项目根目录
- 项目classpath下的config目录
- 项目classpath根目录
test.user.name=1package com.atm.cloud;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class PropController {
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext context;
@GetMapping("/getProp")
@ResponseBody
public String getProp(){
System.out.println("Come into getProp");
return context.getEnvironment().getProperty("test.user.name");
}
}- 如果去除第一个配置文件application.properties，则默认读取第二个的
2.3.1、指定配置文件
server.port=80- 修改启动类
package com.atm.cloud;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = new SpringApplicationBuilder(
MyApplication.class)
.properties(
"spring.config.location=classpath:/atm-test/application.properties")
.run(args);
/*
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = new SpringApplicationBuilder(
MyApplication.class)
.properties(
"spring.profiles.active=linux")
.run(args);
*/
/*
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = new SpringApplicationBuilder(
MyApplication.class)
.properties(
"spring.profiles.active=linux","server.port=8081")
.run(args);
*/
//SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args);
}
}2.4、yml文件
- YAML语言使用一种方便的格式来进行数据配置，通过配置分层、缩进，在很大程度上增强了配置文件的可读性
- 使用YAML语言的配置文件以“.yml”为后缀
package com.atm.cloud;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = new SpringApplicationBuilder(
MyApplication.class)
.properties(
"spring.config.location=classpath:/atm-test/application.yml")
.run(args);
//SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args);
}
}2.5、热部署
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<groupId>com.atm.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>atm-testartifactId>
<packaging>warpackaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
<name>atm-test Maven Webappname>
<url>http://maven.apache.orgurl>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junitgroupId>
<artifactId>junitartifactId>
<version>3.8.1version>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
<version>1.5.4.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId>
<version>1.5.4.RELEASEversion>
<optional>trueoptional>
dependency>
dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>atm-testfinalName>
build>
project>3、IDEA
3.1、创建SpringBoot项目
3.2、配置文件
3.3、热部署
3.3.1、添加依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<groupId>com.atm.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>atm_testartifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
<packaging>jarpackaging>
<name>atm_testname>
<description>Demo project for Spring Bootdescription>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
<version>1.5.10.RELEASEversion>
<relativePath/>
parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8java.version>
properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId>
<version>1.5.4.RELEASEversion>
<optional>trueoptional>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>truefork>
configuration>
plugin>
plugins>
build>
project>3.3.2、开启自动编译
- Ctrl + Shift + A 键入 Registry