菜鸟教程Linux教程 学习笔记
yum( Yellow dog Updater, Modified)是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及SUSE中的Shell前端软件包管理器。
基於RPM包管理,能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装,可以自动处理依赖性关系,并且一次安装所有依赖的软体包,无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。
yum提供了查找、安装、删除某一个、一组甚至全部软件包的命令,而且命令简洁而又好记。
yum [options] [command] [package ...]
安装 pam-devel
[root@www ~]# yum install pam-devel
Setting up Install Process
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies <==先检查软件的属性相依问题
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: pam = 0.99.6.2-4.el5 for package: pam-devel
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated
filelists.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 1.6 MB 00:05
filelists.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 138 kB 00:00
-> Finished Dependency Resolution
……(省略)
移除 pam-devel
[root@www ~]# yum remove pam-devel
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies <==同样的,先解决属性相依的问题
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================
Removing:
pam-devel i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 installed 495 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 0 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 1 Package(s) <==还好,并没有属性相依的问题,单纯移除一个软件
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Erasing : pam-devel ######################### [1/1]
Removed: pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5
Complete!
利用 yum 的功能,找出以 pam 为开头的软件名称有哪些?
[root@www ~]# yum list pam*
Installed Packages
pam.i386 0.99.6.2-3.27.el5 installed
pam_ccreds.i386 3-5 installed
pam_krb5.i386 2.2.14-1 installed
pam_passwdqc.i386 1.0.2-1.2.2 installed
pam_pkcs11.i386 0.5.3-23 installed
pam_smb.i386 1.1.7-7.2.1 installed
Available Packages <==底下则是『可升级』的或『未安装』的
pam.i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 base
pam-devel.i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 base
pam_krb5.i386 2.2.14-10 base
网易(163)yum源是国内最好的yum源之一 ,无论是速度还是软件版本,都非常的不错。
将yum源设置为163 yum,可以提升软件包安装和更新的速度,同时避免一些常见软件版本无法找到。
首先备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
下载对应版本 repo 文件, 放入 /etc/yum.repos.d/ (操作前请做好相应备份)
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
mv CentOS6-Base-163.repo CentOS-Base.repo
运行以下命令生成缓存
yum clean all
yum makecache
除了网易之外,国内还有其他不错的 yum 源,比如中科大和搜狐。
中科大的 yum 源,安装方法查看:https://lug.ustc.edu.cn/wiki/mirrors/help/centos
sohu 的 yum 源安装方法查看: http://mirrors.sohu.com/help/centos.html