1.查看用户权限
set linesize 200;
col privs_type format a10;
col username format a20;
col table_name format a35;
col column_name format a25;
col PRIVILEGE format a60;
with t1 as
(
select upper('shpj') username from dual
)
select '角色' privs_type,'NULL' username,'NULL' table_name,'NULL' column_name,wm_concat(GRANTED_ROLE) PRIVILEGE from dba_role_privs,t1 where GRANTEE=t1.username group by '角色','NULL','NULL','NULL'
union all
select '表权限',owner,TABLE_NAME,'NULL',wm_concat(PRIVILEGE) PRIVILEGE from dba_tab_privs,t1 where GRANTEE=t1.username group by '表权限',owner,TABLE_NAME,'NULL'
union all
select '列权限',owner,TABLE_NAME,column_name,wm_concat(PRIVILEGE) PRIVILEGE from dba_col_privs,t1 where GRANTEE=t1.username group by '列权限',owner,TABLE_NAME,column_name;
2.查看用户的数据占用的空间大小 & 查看表的数据大小
2.1登录用户
select sum(bytes)/1024/1024 as sizeM from user_segments;
2.2不登录用户
select owner,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 sizeM
from dba_segments
where owner in ('SYSTEM','BI_ODS')
group by owner order by 2 desc;
3.1查看表的数据大小
set linesize 120;
set pagesize 999;
col OWNER for a20;
col SEGMENT_NAME for a40;
select *
from (select owner,
segment_name,
round(sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024,1) sizeG
from dba_segments
where segment_type <> 'INDEX' and owner='BI_ODS'
group by owner,segment_name
order by sizeG desc)
where rownum <= 20;
3.2查看某张表的数据大小
set linesize 120;
set pagesize 999;
col OWNER for a20;
col SEGMENT_NAME for a40;
select owner,
segment_name,
round(sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024,1) sizeG
from dba_segments
where segment_type <> 'INDEX' and owner='XSMES'
group by owner,segment_name
having segment_name = 'UEX_DAQ_INFO';
4.替换临时表空间
4.1：查看旧临时表空间信息
set pagesize 999
set linesize 160
col property_name for a26
col property_value for a18
select property_name, property_value from database_properties where property_name='DEFAULT_TEMP_TABLESPACE';
set pagesize 999
set linesize 160
col username for a30
col temporary_tablespace for a18
select username, temporary_tablespace from dba_users;
4.2：创建中转的临时表空间
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP02 TEMPFILE '/data/orcl/temp_01.dbf' SIZE 8G AUTOEXTEND ON maxsize 30G;
4.3：切换临时表空间。
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP02;
4.4：重新指定用户临时表空间为新建的临时表空间
select 'alter user '|| username ||' TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP02 ;' from dba_users;
4.5：删除旧的临时表空间数据文件
DROP TABLESPACE TEMP INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
5.TESTUSERB 仅能对TESTUSERA 用户下的某些表增删改查、有些表仅能对某些列update，查询TESTUSERB 用户权限，获取批量赋予语句。
select 'grant '|| PRIVILEGE ||' to TESTUSERB;' from dba_sys_privs where GRANTEE='TESTUSERB' ;
select 'grant '|| PRIVILEGE ||' on TESTUSERA.'||TABLE_NAME||' to TESTUSERB;' from dba_tab_privs where GRANTEE='TESTUSERB' and PRIVILEGE='SELECT';
select 'grant UPDATE ('||COLUMN_NAME||') ON TESTUSERA.'||TABLE_NAME||' TO TESTUSERB;;' from dba_col_privs where GRANTEE='TESTUSERB' and PRIVILEGE='UPDATE';
6.批量kill某个用户session
SELECT 'alter system kill session '''||SID || ',' || SERIAL#||''';' FROM V$SESSION where username='DOCUSER';
7.查询包含某个字段的表
select column_name,
table_name,
data_type ,
data_length,
data_precision,
data_scale
from DBA_TAB_COLUMNS
where column_name='C_KSBH';
8.Oracle12C查询自建用户（非系统自带）
select username from dba_users where INHERITED='NO';
9.监控慢sql
SELECT G.TARGET || ' ' || S.MACHINE || ' ' || ceil((G.LAST_UPDATE_TIME - G.START_TIME)*86400)
FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS G, V$SESSION S
WHERE G.SID = S.SID
AND G.SERIAL# = S.SERIAL#
AND G.SOFAR <> G.TOTALWORK
AND s.state <> 'INACTIVE'
AND G.OPNAME NOT LIKE 'RMAN:%'
and G.TARGET <> 'TD_USERS'
and rownum <2;
10.根据SPID查找SQL语句
SELECT /*+ ORDERED */
sql_text
FROM v$sqltext a
WHERE (a.hash_value, a.address) IN (
SELECT DECODE (sql_hash_value,
0,
prev_hash_value,
sql_hash_value),
DECODE (sql_hash_value,
0,
prev_sql_addr,
sql_address)
FROM v$session b
WHERE b.paddr = (SELECT addr
FROM v$process c
WHERE c.spid = 23688))
ORDER BY piece ASC
/
11.查看表空间使用率
11.1查看表空间使用率
set linesize 160
set pagesize 999
col TABLESPACE_NAME for a18
col TBS_TOTAL_MB for 9999999
col TBS_USED_MB for 9999999
col TBS_FREE_MB for 9999999
col TBS_RATE for a11
col EXTEND_MAX_MB for 9999999999999
col EXTEND_FREE_MB for 9999999999999
col EXTEND_RATE for a11
select a.tablespace_name,
round(current_size / 1024 / 1024, 1) TBS_TOTAL_MB,
round((current_size - b.free_bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 1) TBS_USED_MB,
round(b.free_bytes / 1024 / 1024, 1) TBS_FREE_MB,
round(((current_size - b.free_bytes) / current_size) * 100, 1) || '%' TBS_RATE,
round(a.max_size / 1024 / 1024, 1) EXTEND_MAX_MB,
round((a.max_size - (current_size - b.free_bytes)) / 1024 / 1024, 1) EXTEND_FREE_MB,
round(((current_size - b.free_bytes) / a.max_size) * 100, 1) || '%' EXTEND_RATE
from (select tablespace_name,
sum(ddf.bytes) current_size,
sum(case
when ddf.autoextensible = 'YES' THEN
DDF.MAXBYTES
ELSE
DDF.BYTES
END) max_size
from dba_data_files ddf
group by tablespace_name
union
select tablespace_name,
sum(ddf.bytes) current_size,
sum(case
when ddf.autoextensible = 'YES' THEN
DDF.MAXBYTES
ELSE
DDF.BYTES
END) max_size
from dba_temp_files ddf
group by tablespace_name) a,
(select dfs.tablespace_name, sum(dfs.bytes) free_bytes
from dba_free_space dfs
group by dfs.tablespace_name
union
select tfs.tablespace_name, sum(tfs.BYTES_FREE) free_bytes
from v$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER tfs
group by tfs.tablespace_name) b
where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name(+);
11.2查看表空间使用率
set lines 200
col group_number for 99
col state for a15
col name for a20
col total_gb for 999999.99
col free_gb for 999999.99
col free_percent for 99.99
col care for a5
set linesize 131
set pagesize 200
set termout off
set trimspool on
set serveroutput on
set lines 200 pages 300
col tablespace_name for a30
select u.*,
round(p.avg_use_per_day_mb, 1) avg_used_per_day_mb,
round((max_size_mb - size_used_mb) / p.avg_use_per_day_mb) tbs_exhaust_days,
case
when u.MAX_FREE_RATE < 7 and
round((max_size_mb - size_used_mb) / p.avg_use_per_day_mb) < 30 then
'*'
else
null
end care
from (select a.tablespace_name,
b.size_used_mb,
a.data_size_mb,
round(100 - b.size_used_mb / a.data_size_mb * 100) free_rate,
a.max_size_mb,
a.max_size_mb - b.size_used_mb free_mb,
round(100 - b.size_used_mb / a.max_size_mb * 100) max_free_rate
from (select tablespace_name,
round(sum(bytes / 1024 / 1024)) data_size_mb,
round(sum(case
when maxbytes > bytes then
maxbytes
else
bytes
end) / 1024 / 1024) max_size_mb
from dba_data_files
group by tablespace_name) a,
(select tablespace_name,
round(sum(bytes / 1024 / 1024)) size_used_mb
from dba_segments
group by tablespace_name) b
where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name
order by 6 desc, 4 desc) u,
(select name, avg(use_per_day_mb) + 0.0001 avg_use_per_day_mb
from (select x.name,
x.rdate,
(x.used_blocks - lag(x.used_blocks)
over(partition by name order by rdate)) *
y.block_size / 1024 / 1024 use_per_day_mb
from (select to_char(to_date(rtime, 'mm/dd/yyyy hh24:mi:ss'),
'yyyy-mm-dd') rdate,
name,
max(tablespace_usedsize) used_blocks
from dba_hist_tbspc_space_usage a, v$tablespace b
where a.tablespace_id = b.ts#
group by to_char(to_date(rtime,
'mm/dd/yyyy hh24:mi:ss'),
'yyyy-mm-dd'),
name
order by name) x,
dba_tablespaces y
where x.name = y.tablespace_name)
where use_per_day_mb is not null
group by name) p
where u.TABLESPACE_NAME = p.name
and u.TABLESPACE_NAME not like '%UNDO%'
and u.TABLESPACE_NAME not like '%TEMP%'
order by 4, 7;
11.3.1查询临时表空间的使用率：
select c.tablespace_name,
to_char(c.bytes/1024/1024/1024,'99,999.999') total_gb,
to_char( (c.bytes-d.bytes_used)/1024/1024/1024,'99,999.999') free_gb,
to_char(d.bytes_used/1024/1024/1024,'99,999.999') use_gb,
to_char(d.bytes_used*100/c.bytes,'99.99') || '%'use
from (select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) bytes
from dba_temp_files
GROUP by tablespace_name) c,
(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes_cached) bytes_used
from v$temp_extent_pool
GROUP by tablespace_name) d
where c.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name;
11.3.2查询那些用户在使用
select a.username,
a.sql_id,
a.SEGTYPE,
b.BYTES_USED/1024/1024/1024||'G',
b.BYTES_FREE/1024/1024/1024
from V$TEMPSEG_USAGE a join V$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER b on a.TABLESPACE=b.tablespace_name;
12.找出在使用临时表空间的sql
SELECT a.username, a.sid, a.serial#, a.osuser, b.tablespace, b.blocks, c.sql_text
FROM v$session a, v$tempseg_usage b, v$sqlarea c
WHERE a.saddr = b.session_addr
AND c.address= a.sql_address
AND c.hash_value = a.sql_hash_value
ORDER BY b.tablespace, b.blocks;
13.重设数据文件大小sql语句
set verify off
column file_name format a50 word_wrapped
column smallest format 999,990 heading "Smallest|Size|Poss."
column currsize format 999,990 heading "Current|Size"
column savings format 999,990 heading "Poss.|Savings"
break on report
compute sum of savings on report
column value new_val blksize
select value from v$parameter where name = 'db_block_size'
/
select file_name,
ceil( (nvl(hwm,1)*&&blksize)/1024/1024 ) smallest,
ceil( blocks*&&blksize/1024/1024) currsize,
ceil( blocks*&&blksize/1024/1024) -
ceil( (nvl(hwm,1)*&&blksize)/1024/1024 ) savings
from dba_data_files a,
( select file_id, max(block_id+blocks-1) hwm
from dba_extents
group by file_id ) b
where a.file_id = b.file_id(+)
/
column cmd format a120 word_wrapped
select 'alter database datafile '''||file_name||''' resize ' ||
ceil( (nvl(hwm,1)*&&blksize)/1024/1024 ) || 'm;' cmd
from dba_data_files a,
( select file_id, max(block_id+blocks-1) hwm
from dba_extents
group by file_id ) b
where a.file_id = b.file_id(+)
and ceil( blocks*&&blksize/1024/1024) -
ceil( (nvl(hwm,1)*&&blksize)/1024/1024 ) > 0;
14.创建能显示隐含参数的视图
create or replace view show_hidden_v$parameter
(INST_ID, NUM , NAME , TYPE , VALUE , DISPLAY_VALUE, ISDEFAULT , ISSES_MODIFIABLE , ISSYS_MODIFIABLE , ISINSTANCE_MODIFIABLE,
ISMODIFIED , ISADJUSTED , ISDEPRECATED, DESCRIPTION, UPDATE_COMMENT, HASH)
as
select x.inst_id,
x.indx + 1,
ksppinm,
ksppity,
ksppstvl,
ksppstdvl,
ksppstdf,
decode(bitand(ksppiflg / 256, 1), 1, 'TRUE', 'FALSE'),
decode(bitand(ksppiflg / 65536, 3),
1,
'IMMEDIATE',
2,
'DEFERRED',
3,
'IMMEDIATE',
'FALSE'),
decode(bitand(ksppiflg, 4),
4,
'FALSE',
decode(bitand(ksppiflg / 65536, 3), 0, 'FALSE', 'TRUE')),
decode(bitand(ksppstvf, 7), 1, 'MODIFIED', 4, 'SYSTEM_MOD', 'FALSE'),
decode(bitand(ksppstvf, 2), 2, 'TRUE', 'FALSE'),
decode(bitand(ksppilrmflg / 64, 1), 1, 'TRUE', 'FALSE'),
ksppdesc,
ksppstcmnt,
ksppihash
from x$ksppi x, x$ksppcv y
where (x.indx = y.indx);
grant select on show_hidden_v$parameter to user;
15.查看锁表进程SQL语句
set pagesize 999
set line180
col ORACLE_USERNAME for a18
col OS_USER_NAME for a18
col OBJECT_NAME for a24
select sess.sid,
sess.serial#,
lo.oracle_username,
lo.os_user_name,
ao.object_name,
lo.locked_mode
from v$locked_object lo,
dba_objects ao,
v$session sess
where ao.object_id = lo.object_id and lo.session_id = sess.sid;
杀掉锁表进程：
alter system kill session '50,63547' immediate;
批量生成语句
SELECT 'alter system kill session '''||sess.sid || ',' || sess.serial#||''' immediate;'
from v$locked_object lo,
dba_objects ao,
v$session sess
where ao.object_id = lo.object_id and lo.session_id = sess.sid;
16.查看谁阻塞了谁
with vw_lock AS (SELECT * FROM v$lock)
select
a.sid,
'is blocking',
(select 'sid:'||s.sid||' object:'||do.object_name||' rowid:'||
dbms_rowid.rowid_create ( 1, ROW_WAIT_OBJ#, ROW_WAIT_FILE#, ROW_WAIT_BLOCK#, ROW_WAIT_ROW# )
||' sql_id:'||s.sql_id
from v$session s, dba_objects do
where s.sid=b.sid
and s.ROW_WAIT_OBJ# = do.OBJECT_ID
) blockee,
b.sid,b.id1,b.id2
from vw_lock a, vw_lock b
where a.block = 1
and b.request > 0
and a.id1 = b.id1
and a.id2 = b.id2;
17.rman删除归档脚本
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt expired archivelog all;
delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-1';
删除log sequence为16及16之前的所有归档日志
delete archivelog until sequence 16;
删除系统时间7天以前的归档日志，不会删除闪回区有效的归档日志
delete archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-7';
删除系统时间1天以内到现在的归档日志
delete archivelog from time 'sysdate-3';
清除所有的归档日志
delete noprompt archivelog all completed before 'sysdate';
清除所有的归档日志
delete noprompt archivelog all;
18监控RMAN操作进度的脚本
REM -------------------------------
REM Script to monitor rman backup/restore operations
REM To run from sqlplus: @monitor ''
REM Example:
--SQL>spool monitor.out
--SQL>@monitor '06-aug-12 16:38:03'
REM where is the start time of your rman backup or restore job
REM Run monitor script periodically to confirm rman is progessing
REM -------------------------------
alter session set nls_date_format='dd-mon-rr hh24:mi:ss';
set lines 1500
set pages 100
col CLI_INFO format a10
col spid format a5
col ch format a20
col seconds format 999999.99
col filename format a65
col bfc format 9
col "% Complete" format 999.99
col event format a40
set numwidth 10
select sysdate from dual;
REM gv$session_longops (channel level)
prompt
prompt Channel progress - gv$session_longops:
prompt
select s.inst_id, -- 实例编号
o.sid, --session_id
CLIENT_INFO ch, --客户端信息
context, --上下文信息
sofar, --已完成工作量
totalwork, --总工作量
round(sofar/totalwork*100,2) "% Complete" --完成进度比
FROM gv$session_longops o, gv$session s
WHERE opname LIKE 'RMAN%'
AND opname NOT LIKE '%aggregate%'
AND o.sid=s.sid
AND totalwork != 0
AND sofar <> totalwork;
REM Check wait events (RMAN sessions) - this is for CURRENT waits only
REM use the following for 11G+
prompt
prompt Session progess - CURRENT wait events and time in wait so far:
prompt
select inst_id,
sid,
CLIENT_INFO ch,
seq#, --最近等待的唯一标识
event, --等待事件
state, --状态（WAITING 、WAITED UNKNOWN TIME、WAITED SHORT TIME 、WAITED KNOWN TIME ）
wait_time_micro/1000000 seconds --已经等待的时间
from gv$session where program like '%rman%' and
wait_time = 0 and
not action is null;
REM use the following for 10G
--select inst_id, sid, CLIENT_INFO ch, seq#, event, state, seconds_in_wait secs
--from gv$session where program like '%rman%' and
--wait_time = 0 and
--not action is null;
REM gv$backup_async_io
prompt
prompt Disk (file and backuppiece) progress - includes tape backuppiece
prompt if backup_tape_io_slaves=TRUE:
prompt
select s.inst_id, a.sid, CLIENT_INFO Ch, a.STATUS,
open_time, --文件打开时间
round(BYTES/1024/1024,2) "SOFAR Mb" , --已完成大小
round(total_bytes/1024/1024,2) TotMb, --总大小
io_count, --文件当前发送的IO请求数量
round(BYTES/TOTAL_BYTES*100,2) "% Complete" ,
a.type, --类型 （INPUT, OUTPUT, or AGGREGATE）
filename --文件名
from gv$backup_async_io a, gv$session s
where not a.STATUS in ('UNKNOWN')
and a.sid=s.sid and open_time > to_date('&1', 'dd-mon-rr hh24:mi:ss') order by 2,7;
REM gv$backup_sync_io
prompt
prompt Tape backuppiece progress (only if backup_tape_io_slaves=FALSE):
prompt
select s.inst_id, a.sid, CLIENT_INFO Ch,
filename, --文件名
a.type, --类型
a.status, --（NOT STARTED, IN PROGRESS, or FINISHED）
buffer_size bsz, --使用的buffer大小
buffer_count bfc, --使用的buffer 数量
open_time open, --文件被打开的时间
io_count ----文件当前发送的IO请求数量
from gv$backup_sync_io a, gv$session s
where
a.sid=s.sid and
open_time > to_date('&1', 'dd-mon-rr hh24:mi:ss') ;
REM -------------------------------
18.检测数据库当前是否有备份操作在执行中
SELECT DECODE(os_backup.backup + rman_backup.backup, 0, 'FALSE', 'TRUE') backup
FROM (SELECT COUNT(*) backup FROM gv$backup WHERE status = 'ACTIVE') os_backup,
(SELECT COUNT(*) backup
FROM gv$session
WHERE status = 'ACTIVE'
AND client_info like '%rman%') rman_backup;
19.RMAN备份脚本
单机环境全备
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=hncdfpos001
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
rman target / log /backup/hncdfpos001/rman_full.log append<( select min(rowid)
from t2 b
where b.c1 = t2.c1
and b.c2 = t2.c2 )
---第三种， 用rowid + group by 的方法
delete from T2
where rowid not in (select min(rowid)
from t2 group by c1,c2 );
delete from t2
where not exists (select 1 from (select min(rowid) rid from t2 group by c1,c2) b where b.rid=t2.rowid)
---第四种， 用分析函数
delete from t2 where rowid in
(select b.rd from
(select rowid rd,row_number() over(partition by c1,c2 order by c1) rn
from t2) b
where b.rn > 1);
22.抓出必须创建索引的列
select column_name,
num_rows,
Cardinality,
selectivity,
histogram,
num_buckets, 'Consider create index on this column' as notice
from (select a.column_name,
b.num_rows,
a.num_distinct Cardinality,
round(a.num_distinct / b.num_rows * 100, 2) selectivity,
a.histogram,
a.num_buckets
from dba_tab_col_statistics a, dba_tables b
where a.owner = b.owner
and a.table_name = b.table_name
and a.owner = 'SCOTT'
and a.table_name = 'TEST')
where selectivity >= 10
and column_name not in (select column_name
from dba_ind_columns
where table_owner = 'SCOTT'
and table_name = 'TEST')
and column_name in
(select c.name
from sys.col_usage$ u, sys.obj$ o, sys.col$ c, sys.user$ r
where o.obj# = u.obj#
and c.obj# = u.obj#
and c.col# = u.intcol#
and r.name = 'SCOTT'
and o.name = 'TEST');
23.Oracle 回收站功能,彻底删除表
Oracle 10g 中出现表名：BIN$2cMp4FjwQ2Cw3Lj+BxLYTw==$0 最近发现Oracle中出现了这些奇怪的表名，
上网查找后发现是oracle10g的回收站功能，并没有彻底的删除表，而是把表放入回收站，最后就出现了这样一堆奇怪的表名。。。。
23.1清除的方法如下：
1、purge table origenal_tableName;
purge index origenal_indexName;
2、PURGE recyclebin;
23.2查询垃圾信息，可以用如下SQL语句：
set linesize 120;
set pagesize 999;
col OBJECT_NAME for a40;
col ORIGINAL_NAME for a40;
dba用户查询
SELECT t.object_name,t.type ,t.original_name FROM dba_recyclebin t;
当前用户查询
SELECT t.object_name,t.type ,t.original_name FROM user_recyclebin t;
23.3删除Table不进入Recycle的方法：
drop table tableName purge;
24.查看oracle数据库里面正在执行的sql进度
select se.sid,
opname,
trunc(sofar / totalwork * 100, 2) || '%' as pct_work,
elapsed_seconds elapsed,
round(elapsed_seconds * (totalwork - sofar) / sofar) remain_time,
sql_text
from v$session_longops sl, v$sqlarea sa, v$session se
where sl.sql_hash_value = sa.hash_value
and sl.sid = se.sid
and sofar != totalwork
order by start_time;
25.查看oracle非系统新建用户
select username
from dba_users
where username not in ('SYS',
'SYSTEM',
'OUTLN',
'FLOWS_FILES',
'MDSYS',
'ORDSYS',
'EXFSYS',
'DBSNMP',
'WMSYS',
'APPQOSSYS',
'APEX_030200',
'ORDDATA',
'CTXSYS',
'ANONYMOUS',
'XDB',
'ORDPLUGINS',
'SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA',
'OLAPSYS',
'ORACLE_OCM',
'XS$NULL',
'MDDATA',
'DIP',
'APEX_PUBLIC_USER',
'SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR',
'SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR',
'SCOTT',
'SYSMAN',
'MGMT_VIEW');
