C++获取Windows音频设备列表
一、注意事项
1、获取音频设备需要调用CoInitialize以及CoUninitialize。
2、由于C++没有finally关键字，代码中的CUSTOM_FINALLY为自定义宏，是为了实现类似try...catch...finally的效果，本身没有什么意义：
//定义空宏，处理finally
#ifndef CUSTOM_FINALLY
#define CUSTOM_FINALLY
#endif // CUSTOM_FINALLY3、打印日志宏：
#define PNTLOG(format, ...) wprintf(format L"\n", __VA_ARGS__)
#define PNTERR(format, ...) PNTLOG(L"Error: " format, __VA_ARGS__)
#define PNTERRMSG(msg) wprintf(L"Error: %s \n", msg)4、PKEY_Device_FriendlyName需要引用相应的头文件：
#include 5、获取扬声器设备使用eRender枚举类型，获取麦克风设备使用eCapture枚举类型。
二、代码
1、获取默认扬声器
（1）获取设备指针
bool GetDefaultDevice(IMMDevice **ppMMDevice)
{
bool ret = false;
IMMDeviceEnumerator *pMMDeviceEnumerator = nullptr;
wchar_t wszErrMsg[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
try
{
HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(
__uuidof(MMDeviceEnumerator), nullptr, CLSCTX_ALL,
__uuidof(IMMDeviceEnumerator),
reinterpret_cast(&pMMDeviceEnumerator)
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"CoCreateInstance(IMMDeviceEnumerator) failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw std::exception();
}
// get the default render endpoint
hr = pMMDeviceEnumerator->GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(
eRender, eConsole, ppMMDevice
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceEnumerator::GetDefaultAudioEndpoint failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw std::exception();
}
ret = true;
}
catch(std::exception&)
{
PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);
}
//释放资源
CUSTOM_FINALLY
{
if (pMMDeviceEnumerator != nullptr)
{
pMMDeviceEnumerator->Release();
}
}
return ret;
} （2）获取设备Id和名称
bool GetDefaultDevice(wstring& deviceId, wstring& deviceName)
{
IMMDevice* pMMDevice = nullptr;
if (!GetDefaultDevice(&pMMDevice))
{
return false;
}
bool ret = true;
wchar_t wszErrMsg[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
HRESULT hr;
IPropertyStore* pPropertyStore = nullptr;
PROPVARIANT pv;
PropVariantInit(&pv);
try
{
LPWSTR pwszDeviceId = nullptr;
hr = pMMDevice->GetId(&pwszDeviceId);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDevice::GetId failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw;
}
// open the property store on that device
hr = pMMDevice->OpenPropertyStore(STGM_READ, &pPropertyStore);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDevice::OpenPropertyStore failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw;
}
// get the long name property
hr = pPropertyStore->GetValue(PKEY_Device_FriendlyName, &pv);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IPropertyStore::GetValue failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw;
}
if (VT_LPWSTR != pv.vt)
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"PKEY_Device_FriendlyName variant type is %u - expected VT_LPWSTR", pv.vt);
throw;
}
deviceId = pwszDeviceId;
deviceName = pv.pwszVal;
}
catch (std::exception&)
{
PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);
ret = false;
}
//释放资源
CUSTOM_FINALLY
{
if (pMMDevice != nullptr)
{
pMMDevice->Release();
}
if (pPropertyStore != nullptr)
{
pPropertyStore->Release();
}
if (pv.vt != VT_EMPTY)
{
hr = PropVariantClear(&pv);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
PNTERR(L"PropVariantClear failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
ret = false;
}
}
}
return ret;
}2、获取设备列表
bool GetDevices(map& deviceMap)
{
deviceMap.clear();
bool ret = false;
wchar_t wszErrMsg[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
IMMDeviceEnumerator *pMMDeviceEnumerator = nullptr;
IMMDeviceCollection *pMMDeviceCollection = nullptr;
try
{
HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(
__uuidof(MMDeviceEnumerator), nullptr, CLSCTX_ALL,
__uuidof(IMMDeviceEnumerator),
reinterpret_cast(&pMMDeviceEnumerator)
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"CoCreateInstance(IMMDeviceEnumerator) failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw std::exception();
}
// get all the active render endpoints
hr = pMMDeviceEnumerator->EnumAudioEndpoints(
eRender, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &pMMDeviceCollection
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceEnumerator::EnumAudioEndpoints failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw std::exception();
}
ret = GetDevices(pMMDeviceCollection, deviceMap);
}
catch (std::exception&)
{
PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);
}
//释放资源
CUSTOM_FINALLY
{
if (pMMDeviceEnumerator != nullptr)
{
pMMDeviceEnumerator->Release();
}
if (pMMDeviceCollection != nullptr)
{
pMMDeviceCollection->Release();
}
}
return ret;
}
bool GetDevices(IMMDeviceCollection *pMMDeviceCollection, map& deviceMap)
{
bool ret = true;
wchar_t wszErrMsg[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
UINT count;
HRESULT hr = pMMDeviceCollection->GetCount(&count);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceCollection::GetCount failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);
return false;
}
PNTLOG(L"Active render endpoints found: %u", count);
for (UINT i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
IMMDevice *pMMDevice = nullptr;
IPropertyStore *pPropertyStore = nullptr;
PROPVARIANT pv;
PropVariantInit(&pv);
try
{
// get the "n"th device
hr = pMMDeviceCollection->Item(i, &pMMDevice);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceCollection::Item failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw;
}
LPWSTR pwszDeviceId = nullptr;
hr = pMMDevice->GetId(&pwszDeviceId);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceCollection::GetId failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw;
}
// open the property store on that device
hr = pMMDevice->OpenPropertyStore(STGM_READ, &pPropertyStore);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDevice::OpenPropertyStore failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw;
}
// get the long name property
hr = pPropertyStore->GetValue(PKEY_Device_FriendlyName, &pv);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IPropertyStore::GetValue failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw;
}
if (VT_LPWSTR != pv.vt)
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"PKEY_Device_FriendlyName variant type is %u - expected VT_LPWSTR", pv.vt);
throw;
}
deviceMap[pwszDeviceId] = pv.pwszVal;
PNTLOG(L" %ls", pv.pwszVal);
}
catch (std::exception&)
{
PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);
ret = false;
}
//释放资源
CUSTOM_FINALLY
{
if (pMMDevice != nullptr)
{
pMMDevice->Release();
}
if (pPropertyStore != nullptr)
{
pPropertyStore->Release();
}
if (pv.vt != VT_EMPTY)
{
hr = PropVariantClear(&pv);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
PNTERR(L"PropVariantClear failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
ret = false;
}
}
}
//出现异常
if (!ret)
{
break;
}
}
return ret;
} 3、获取指定设备
bool GetSpecificDevice(LPCWSTR pwszLongName, IMMDevice **ppMMDevice)
{
bool ret = false;
wchar_t wszErrMsg[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
IMMDeviceEnumerator *pMMDeviceEnumerator = nullptr;
IMMDeviceCollection *pMMDeviceCollection = nullptr;
*ppMMDevice = nullptr;
try
{
HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(
__uuidof(MMDeviceEnumerator), nullptr, CLSCTX_ALL,
__uuidof(IMMDeviceEnumerator),
reinterpret_cast(&pMMDeviceEnumerator)
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"CoCreateInstance(IMMDeviceEnumerator) failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw std::exception();
}
// get all the active render endpoints
hr = pMMDeviceEnumerator->EnumAudioEndpoints(
eRender, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &pMMDeviceCollection
);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceEnumerator::EnumAudioEndpoints failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw std::exception();
}
ret = GetSpecificDevice(pMMDeviceCollection, pwszLongName, ppMMDevice);
}
catch (std::exception&)
{
PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);
}
//释放资源
CUSTOM_FINALLY
{
if (pMMDeviceEnumerator != nullptr)
{
pMMDeviceEnumerator->Release();
}
if (pMMDeviceCollection != nullptr)
{
pMMDeviceCollection->Release();
}
}
return ret;
}
bool GetSpecificDevice(IMMDeviceCollection *pMMDeviceCollection, LPCWSTR pwszLongName, IMMDevice **ppMMDevice)
{
bool ret = true;
wchar_t wszErrMsg[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
UINT count;
HRESULT hr = pMMDeviceCollection->GetCount(&count);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceCollection::GetCount failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);
return false;
}
PNTLOG(L"Active render endpoints found: %u", count);
for (UINT i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
IMMDevice *pMMDevice = nullptr;
IPropertyStore *pPropertyStore = nullptr;
PROPVARIANT pv;
PropVariantInit(&pv);
try
{
// get the "n"th device
hr = pMMDeviceCollection->Item(i, &pMMDevice);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDeviceCollection::Item failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw;
}
// open the property store on that device
hr = pMMDevice->OpenPropertyStore(STGM_READ, &pPropertyStore);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IMMDevice::OpenPropertyStore failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw;
}
// get the long name property
hr = pPropertyStore->GetValue(PKEY_Device_FriendlyName, &pv);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"IPropertyStore::GetValue failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
throw;
}
if (VT_LPWSTR != pv.vt)
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"PKEY_Device_FriendlyName variant type is %u - expected VT_LPWSTR", pv.vt);
throw;
}
// is it a match?
if (0 == _wcsicmp(pv.pwszVal, pwszLongName))
{
// did we already find it?
if (nullptr == *ppMMDevice)
{
*ppMMDevice = pMMDevice;
pMMDevice->AddRef();
}
else
{
wsprintf(wszErrMsg, L"Found (at least) two devices named %ls", pwszLongName);
throw;
}
}
}
catch (std::exception&)
{
PNTERRMSG(wszErrMsg);
ret = false;
}
//释放资源
CUSTOM_FINALLY
{
if (pMMDevice != nullptr)
{
pMMDevice->Release();
}
if (pPropertyStore != nullptr)
{
pPropertyStore->Release();
}
if (pv.vt != VT_EMPTY)
{
hr = PropVariantClear(&pv);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
PNTERR(L"PropVariantClear failed: hr = 0x%08x", hr);
ret = false;
}
}
}
//出现异常
if (!ret)
{
if (*ppMMDevice != nullptr)
{
(*ppMMDevice)->Release();
}
break;
}
}
if (nullptr == *ppMMDevice)
{
PNTERR(L"Could not find a device named %ls", pwszLongName);
}
return ret;
}