postman之如何实现接口测试断言json返回值（多层级json) +判断返回值中包含字符
本节目的：使用postman实现接口断言，取接口中的某个字段验证
示例接口：
http://api.myhaowai.com/api/search?devid=D9876540D550EF42AB10C0F3AABB6305&page=1&pcode=021000&query=%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%96%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B&version=3.4
备注：接口为Get类型（该接口为某应用搜索接口，搜索内容为“号外天下”）
步骤如下：
1. 双击启动postman
2. 请求接口
在右侧输入接口地址如下图，大家可以直接点击send看看该接口返回的是什么值
实际接口返回如下：
{
"user_list": [
{
"avatar": "https://img2.myhaowai.cn/2016/11/16/1479280668359254.jpg",
"intro": "",
"new_source": "1",
"nickname": "号外天下",
"nickname_highlighted": "号外天下",
"weixin": "hwtx"
}
],
"result": {
"code": "1",
"message": "执行成功"
},
"article_list": [
{
"aid": "0KDE3WtYbfPm3aO28cHhTkg==",
"flag": "0",
"imgurl": "https://img1.myhaowai.cn/2018/01/23/bbcd0f0335f0eefb221b7fa88204e57e.jpeg",
"new_source": "1",
"nickname": "大风车艺术教育",
"readNum": "3586",
"title": "【号外号外】儿童励志剧《少年志》",
"title_highlighted": "【号外号外】儿童励志剧《少年志》",
"url": "/api/article/get_template?template=content&aid=0KDE3WtYbfPm3aO28cHhTkg==&newSource=1",
"videoCovers": "",
"videourls": "",
"weixin": "dfc88190139",
"weixinurl": "/api/weixin/get_info?weixin=dfc88190139&newSource=1"
},
{
"aid": "KB0N8JT5z9rm3aO28cHhTkg==",
"flag": "0",
"imgurl": "https://img2.myhaowai.cn/2018/01/12/d662da4951c40465931ab96c9acb99d6.jpeg",
"new_source": "1",
"nickname": "百米生活唐山",
"readNum": "1230",
"title": "【号外！号外！】唐山“三高”企业招人啦！",
"title_highlighted": "【号外！号外！】唐山“三高”企业招人啦！",
"url": "/api/article/get_template?template=content&aid=KB0N8JT5z9rm3aO28cHhTkg==&newSource=1",
"videoCovers": "",
"videourls": "",
"weixin": "bmshts",
"weixinurl": "/api/weixin/get_info?weixin=bmshts&newSource=1"
},
{
"aid": "hdoTEoPm1HfHm3aO28cHhTkg==",
"flag": "0",
"imgurl": "https://img2.myhaowai.cn/2018/03/24/c2d3f13f8824e11b06e47e1f176f3e54.jpeg",
"new_source": "1",
"nickname": "全球设计",
"readNum": "1817",
"title": "号外号外，新模式！让装修像购物一样简单！",
"title_highlighted": "号外号外，新模式！让装修像购物一样简单！",
"url": "/api/article/get_template?template=content&aid=hdoTEoPm1HfHm3aO28cHhTkg==&newSource=1",
"videoCovers": "",
"videourls": "",
"weixin": "LuxeDesign",
"weixinurl": "/api/weixin/get_info?weixin=LuxeDesign&newSource=1"
},
{
"aid": "wl6hJJiQyF7m3aO28cHhTkg==",
"flag": "0",
"imgurl": "https://img0.myhaowai.cn/2018/03/03/899752404aa2ab8708076d03c256f6e6.jpeg",
"new_source": "1",
"nickname": "漳州头条",
"readNum": "905",
"title": "号外！号外！这件事和你们家的宝宝有关！",
"title_highlighted": "号外！号外！这件事和你们家的宝宝有关！",
"url": "/api/article/get_template?template=content&aid=wl6hJJiQyF7m3aO28cHhTkg==&newSource=1",
"videoCovers": "",
"videourls": "",
"weixin": "zzshwx",
"weixinurl": "/api/weixin/get_info?weixin=zzshwx&newSource=1"
},
{
"aid": "aSI06wZOW63m3aO28cHhTkg==",
"flag": "0",
"imgurl": "https://img0.myhaowai.cn/2018/02/28/29c279f28bef6e6f80edc933ee4e3312.jpeg",
"new_source": "1",
"nickname": "ZERO动漫网",
"readNum": "6389",
"title": "藏尽天下",
"title_highlighted": "藏尽天下",
"url": "/api/article/get_template?template=content&aid=aSI06wZOW63m3aO28cHhTkg==&newSource=1",
"videoCovers": "",
"videourls": "",
"weixin": "ZERODMW",
"weixinurl": "/api/weixin/get_info?weixin=ZERODMW&newSource=1"
},
{
"aid": "d2rm3BDtW3pLm3aO28cHhTkg==",
"flag": "0",
"imgurl": "https://img0.myhaowai.cn/2018/02/09/cf8cd058d185117495b44ebc22370127.jpeg",
"new_source": "1",
"nickname": "抚州公安",
"readNum": "699",
"title": "号外~号外~| 公安局会给这种行为发邀请函哦！",
"title_highlighted": "号外~号外~| 公安局会给这种行为发邀请函哦！",
"url": "/api/article/get_template?template=content&aid=d2rm3BDtW3pLm3aO28cHhTkg==&newSource=1",
"videoCovers": "",
"videourls": "",
"weixin": "fzgaplice",
"weixinurl": "/api/weixin/get_info?weixin=fzgaplice&newSource=1"
},
{
"aid": "xrxVm3ET4Uhfm3aO28cHhTkg==",
"flag": "0",
"imgurl": "https://img3.myhaowai.cn/2018/02/03/35b3fc35a43a15b19cb982f86d78399f.jpeg",
"new_source": "1",
"nickname": "博州女声",
"readNum": "752",
"title": "博州 |号外号外，博州妇联荣获全国大奖啦",
"title_highlighted": "博州 |号外号外，博州妇联荣获全国大奖啦",
"url": "/api/article/get_template?template=content&aid=xrxVm3ET4Uhfm3aO28cHhTkg==&newSource=1",
"videoCovers": "",
"videourls": "",
"weixin": "gh_05bd55d77f96",
"weixinurl": "/api/weixin/get_info?weixin=gh_05bd55d77f96&newSource=1"
},
{
"aid": "dPg2rHm3U5Lfm3aO28cHhTkg==",
"flag": "0",
"imgurl": "https://img2.myhaowai.cn/2018/01/31/d268f2c4a790832a0db9ec69d83136c9.jpeg",
"new_source": "1",
"nickname": "莱芜移动",
"readNum": "1212",
"title": "【号外号外】快来领新春60元话费啦~",
"title_highlighted": "【号外号外】快来领新春60元话费啦~",
"url": "/api/article/get_template?template=content&aid=dPg2rHm3U5Lfm3aO28cHhTkg==&newSource=1",
"videoCovers": "",
"videourls": "",
"weixin": "LW-CMCC",
"weixinurl": "/api/weixin/get_info?weixin=LW-CMCC&newSource=1"
},
{
"aid": "wZ2HT7F6JhXm3aO28cHhTkg==",
"flag": "0",
"imgurl": "https://img3.myhaowai.cn/2018/01/22/d6dc9bbeb0544c664d56780a11022bcb.jpeg",
"new_source": "1",
"nickname": "大庆高新区法院",
"readNum": "1192",
"title": "号外！号外！驻院律师缘何不收费？",
"title_highlighted": "号外！号外！驻院律师缘何不收费？",
"url": "/api/article/get_template?template=content&aid=wZ2HT7F6JhXm3aO28cHhTkg==&newSource=1",
"videoCovers": "",
"videourls": "",
"weixin": "dagxqfy",
"weixinurl": "/api/weixin/get_info?weixin=dagxqfy&newSource=1"
},
{
"aid": "3XREJce25Fnm3aO28cHhTkg==",
"flag": "0",
"imgurl": "https://img4.myhaowai.cn/2018/01/23/9c9fab4300c9301ff171a2ca9129412b.jpeg",
"new_source": "1",
"nickname": "合肥气象",
"readNum": "1102",
"title": "号外！号外！！暴雪已发货，记得24日晚签收哦~",
"title_highlighted": "号外！号外！！暴雪已发货，记得24日晚签收哦~",
"url": "/api/article/get_template?template=content&aid=3XREJce25Fnm3aO28cHhTkg==&newSource=1",
"videoCovers": "",
"videourls": "",
"weixin": "hf_goodweather",
"weixinurl": "/api/weixin/get_info?weixin=hf_goodweather&newSource=1"
}
]
}3. 设置断言
我们不可能写好接口之后，每次挨个点击进去查看一下是否返回数据正确，因此需要我们设置一些判断，判断这个接口是否正常运行。这个判断就叫断言。postman中的断言是在tests中设置，如下图（点击test即进入了断言设置区）
一、断言返回的json数据中是否存在“result“字段
- 点击上图中右方红色字体“Response body:contains string"
- 点击之后，会在tests框中自动生成一串代码如下：
tests["Body matches string"] = responseBody.has("string_you_want_to_search"); - 修改测试命名以及检测测result字段是否存在
tests["检测是否返回result字段"] = responseBody.has("result"); - 点击send运行接口，结果如下：
-
- 上图body为接口请求返回的参数，点击test results可以查看断言结果,红色为失败，蓝色为断言正确
二、断言json返回值中的user_list下第一个结果的nickname值为”号外天下“
- 点击右方红色字体：Response body:Json value check
- 将系统生成的代码修改为：
var jsonData = JSON.parse(responseBody); tests["检查公众名称"] = jsonData.user_list[0].nickname === "号外天下"
三、断言断言json返回值中的article_list下第二个结果的nickname值为”百米生活唐山“
tests["检查文章名称"] = jsonData.article_list[1].nickname === "百米生活唐山"