单片机学习笔记————51单片机实现矩阵键盘的组合按键触发
一、使用proteus绘制简单的电路图，用于后续仿真
二、编写程序
/********************************************************************************************************************
---- @Project: Matrix-KEY
---- @File: main.c
---- @Edit: ZHQ
---- @Version: V1.0
---- @CreationTime: 20200514
---- @ModifiedTime: 20200514
---- @Description: 16个按键中，每按一个按键都能触发一次蜂鸣器发出“滴”的一声。在同时按下S1和S16按键时，将会点亮一个LED灯。在同时按下S4和S13按键时，将会熄灭一个LED灯。
---- 单片机：AT89C52
********************************************************************************************************************/
#include "reg52.h"
/*——————宏定义——————*/
#define FOSC 11059200L
#define T1MS (65536-FOSC/12/1000) /*1ms timer calculation method in 12Tmode*/
#define const_voice_short 80 /*蜂鸣器短叫的持续时间*/
/*
* 注意：组合按键的去抖动延时const_key_time_comb千万不能等于单击按键
* 的去抖动延时const_key_time，否则组合按键会覆盖单击按键的触发。
*/
#define const_key_time 24 /*按键去抖动延时的时间*/
#define const_key_time_comb 28 /*组合按键去抖动延时的时间*/
/*——————变量函数定义及声明——————*/
/*行*/
sbit Key1 = P0^0; /*第一行输入*/
sbit Key2 = P0^1; /*第二行输入*/
sbit Key3 = P0^2; /*第三行输入*/
sbit Key4 = P0^3; /*第四行输入*/
/*列*/
sbit Key5 = P0^4; /*第一列输入*/
sbit Key6 = P0^5; /*第二列输入*/
sbit Key7 = P0^6; /*第三列输入*/
sbit Key8 = P0^7; /*第四列输入*/
/*定义蜂鸣器*/
sbit BUZZER = P2^7;
/*LED灯*/
sbit LED = P3^5;
unsigned char ucKeyStep = 1; /*按键扫描步骤变量*/
unsigned char ucKeySec = 0; /*被触发的按键编号*/
unsigned int uiKeyTimeCnt[16] = 0; /*16个按键去抖动延时计数器*/
unsigned char ucKeyLock[16] = 0; /*16按键触发后自锁的变量标志*/
unsigned int uiKeyTimeCnt_01_16 = 0; /*S1和S16组合按键去抖动延时计数器*/
unsigned char ucKeyLock_01_16 = 0; /*S1和S16组合按键触发后自锁的变量标志*/
unsigned int uiKeyTimeCnt_04_13 = 0; /*S4和S13组合按键去抖动延时计数器*/
unsigned char ucKeyLock_04_13 = 0; /*S4和S13组合按键触发后自锁的变量标志*/
unsigned char ucRowRecord = 1; /*记录当前扫描到第几列了*/
unsigned int uiVoiceCnt = 0; /*蜂鸣器鸣叫的持续时间计数器*/
unsigned int uiKeyStatus = 0xffff; /*此变量每一位代表一个按键的状态，共16个按键。1代表没有被按下，0代表被按下。*/
/**
* @brief 定时器0初始化函数
* @param 无
* @retval 初始化T0
**/
void Init_T0(void)
{
TMOD = 0x01; /*set timer0 as mode1 (16-bit)*/
TL0 = T1MS; /*initial timer0 low byte*/
TH0 = T1MS >> 8; /*initial timer0 high byte*/
}
/**
* @brief 外围初始化函数
* @param 无
* @retval 初始化外围
**/
void Init_Peripheral(void)
{
ET0 = 1;/*允许定时中断*/
TR0 = 1;/*启动定时中断*/
EA = 1;/*开总中断*/
}
/**
* @brief 初始化函数
* @param 无
* @retval 初始化单片机
**/
void Init(void)
{
BUZZER = 1;
LED = 0;
Init_T0();
}
/**
* @brief 扫描按键函数
* @param 无
* @retval 详细过程：
* 第一步：先把16个按键翻译成独立按键。
* 第二步: 再按独立按键的去抖动方式进行按键识别。
**/
void Key_Scan(void)
{
switch(ucKeyStep)
{
case 1: /*把16个按键的状态快速记录在uiKeyStatus变量的每一位中,相当于把矩阵键盘翻译成独立按键。*/
for(ucRowRecord = 1; ucRowRecord < 5; ucRowRecord ++)
{
if(ucRowRecord == 1) /*第一列输出低电平*/
{
Key5 = 0;
Key6 = 1;
Key7 = 1;
Key8 = 1;
/*如果是薄膜按键或者走线比较长的按键，此处应该加几个空延时，等待列输出信号稳定再判断输入的状态*/
if(Key1 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xfffe; /*S1*/
}
if(Key2 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xffef; /*S5*/
}
if(Key3 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xfeff; /*S9*/
}
if(Key4 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xefff; /*S13*/
}
}
else if(ucRowRecord == 2) /*第二列输出低电平*/
{
Key5 = 1;
Key6 = 0;
Key7 = 1;
Key8 = 1;
/*如果是薄膜按键或者走线比较长的按键，此处应该加几个空延时，等待列输出信号稳定再判断输入的状态*/
if(Key1 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xfffd; /*S2*/
}
if(Key2 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xffdf; /*S6*/
}
if(Key3 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xfdff; /*S10*/
}
if(Key4 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xdfff; /*S14*/
}
}
else if(ucRowRecord == 3) /*第三列输出低电平*/
{
Key5 = 1;
Key6 = 1;
Key7 = 0;
Key8 = 1;
/*如果是薄膜按键或者走线比较长的按键，此处应该加几个空延时，等待列输出信号稳定再判断输入的状态*/
if(Key1 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xfffb; /*S3*/
}
if(Key2 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xffbf; /*S7*/
}
if(Key3 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xfbff; /*S11*/
}
if(Key4 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xbfff; /*S15*/
}
}
else /*第四列输出低电平*/
{
Key5 = 1;
Key6 = 1;
Key7 = 1;
Key8 = 0;
/*如果是薄膜按键或者走线比较长的按键，此处应该加几个空延时，等待列输出信号稳定再判断输入的状态*/
if(Key1 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xfff7; /*S4*/
}
if(Key2 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xff7f; /*S8*/
}
if(Key3 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0xf7ff; /*S12*/
}
if(Key4 == 0)
{
uiKeyStatus = uiKeyStatus & 0x7fff; /*S16*/
}
}
}
ucKeyStep = 2; /*切换到下一个运行步骤*/
break;
case 2: /*像独立按键一样进行去抖动和翻译。*/
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x0001) == 0x0001) /*说明1号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[0] = 0;
ucKeyLock[0] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[0] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[0] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[0] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[0] = 0;
ucKeyLock[0] =1;
ucKeySec = 1;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x0002) == 0x0002) /*说明2号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[1] = 0;
ucKeyLock[1] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[1] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[1] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[1] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[1] = 0;
ucKeyLock[1] =1;
ucKeySec = 2;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x0004) == 0x0004) /*说明3号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[2] = 0;
ucKeyLock[2] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[2] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[2] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[2] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[2] = 0;
ucKeyLock[2] =1;
ucKeySec = 3;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x0008) == 0x0008) /*说明4号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[3] = 0;
ucKeyLock[3] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[3] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[3] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[3] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[3] = 0;
ucKeyLock[3] =1;
ucKeySec = 4;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x0010) == 0x0010) /*说明5号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[4] = 0;
ucKeyLock[4] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[4] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[4] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[4] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[4] = 0;
ucKeyLock[4] =1;
ucKeySec = 5;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x0020) == 0x0020) /*说明6号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[5] = 0;
ucKeyLock[5] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[5] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[5] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[5] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[5] = 0;
ucKeyLock[5] =1;
ucKeySec = 6;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x0040) == 0x0040) /*说明7号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[6] = 0;
ucKeyLock[6] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[6] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[6] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[6] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[6] = 0;
ucKeyLock[6] =1;
ucKeySec = 7;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x0080) == 0x0080) /*说明8号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[7] = 0;
ucKeyLock[7] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[7] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[7] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[7] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[7] = 0;
ucKeyLock[7] =1;
ucKeySec = 8;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x0100) == 0x0100) /*说明9号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[8] = 0;
ucKeyLock[8] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[8] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[8] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[8] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[8] = 0;
ucKeyLock[8] =1;
ucKeySec = 9;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x0200) == 0x0100) /*说明10号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[9] = 0;
ucKeyLock[9] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[9] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[9] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[9] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[9] = 0;
ucKeyLock[9] =1;
ucKeySec = 10;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x0400) == 0x0400) /*说明11号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[10] = 0;
ucKeyLock[10] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[10] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[10] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[10] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[10] = 0;
ucKeyLock[10] =1;
ucKeySec = 11;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x0800) == 0x0800) /*说明12号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[11] = 0;
ucKeyLock[11] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[11] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[11] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[11] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[11] = 0;
ucKeyLock[11] =1;
ucKeySec = 12;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x1000) == 0x1000) /*说明13号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[12] = 0;
ucKeyLock[12] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[12] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[12] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[12] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[12] = 0;
ucKeyLock[12] =1;
ucKeySec = 13;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x2000) == 0x2000) /*说明14号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[13] = 0;
ucKeyLock[13] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[13] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[13] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[13] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[13] = 0;
ucKeyLock[13] =1;
ucKeySec = 14;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x4000) == 0x4000) /*说明15号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[14] = 0;
ucKeyLock[14] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[14] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[14] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[14] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[14] = 0;
ucKeyLock[14] =1;
ucKeySec = 15;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x8000) == 0x8000) /*说明16号键没有被按下来*/
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[15] = 0;
ucKeyLock[15] = 0;
}
else if(ucKeyLock[15] == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[15] ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt[15] > const_key_time)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt[15] = 0;
ucKeyLock[15] =1;
ucKeySec = 16;
}
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x8001) == 0x0000) /*S1和S16的组合键盘被按下。*/
{
if(ucKeyLock_01_16 == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt_01_16 ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt_01_16 > const_key_time_comb)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt_01_16 = 0;
ucKeyLock_01_16 = 1;
ucKeySec = 17;
}
}
}
else
{
uiKeyTimeCnt_01_16 = 0; /*S1和S16组合按键去抖动延时计数器*/
ucKeyLock_01_16 = 0; /*S1和S16组合按键触发后自锁的变量标志*/
}
if((uiKeyStatus & 0x1008) == 0x0000) /*S4和S13的组合键盘被按下。*/
{
if(ucKeyLock_04_13 == 0)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt_04_13 ++;
if(uiKeyTimeCnt_04_13 > const_key_time_comb)
{
uiKeyTimeCnt_04_13 = 0;
ucKeyLock_04_13 = 1;
ucKeySec = 18;
}
}
}
else
{
uiKeyTimeCnt_04_13 = 0; /*S4和S13组合按键去抖动延时计数器*/
ucKeyLock_04_13 = 0; /*S4和S13组合按键触发后自锁的变量标志*/
}
uiKeyStatus = 0xffff; /*及时恢复状态，方便下一次扫描*/
ucKeyStep = 1; /*返回到第一个运行步骤重新开始扫描*/
break;
}
}
/**
* @brief 按键服务函数
* @param 无
* @retval 根据扫描得到的值，进行数据处理
**/
void key_Service(void)
{
switch(ucKeySec)
{
case 1: /*1号键*/
case 2: /*2号键*/
case 3: /*3号键*/
case 4: /*4号键*/
case 5: /*5号键*/
case 6: /*6号键*/
case 7: /*7号键*/
case 8: /*8号键*/
case 9: /*9号键*/
case 10: /*10号键*/
case 11: /*11号键*/
case 12: /*12号键*/
case 13: /*13号键*/
case 14: /*14号键*/
case 15: /*15号键*/
case 16: /*16号键*/
uiVoiceCnt = const_voice_short; /*按键声音触发，滴一声就停。*/
ucKeySec = 0; /*响应按键服务处理程序后，按键编号清零，避免一致触发*/
break;
case 17:
LED = 1;
uiVoiceCnt = const_voice_short;
ucKeySec = 0;
break;
case 18:
LED = 0;
uiVoiceCnt = const_voice_short;
ucKeySec = 0;
break;
}
}
/**
* @brief 定时器0中断函数
* @param 无
* @retval 无
**/
void ISR_T0(void) interrupt 1
{
TF0 = 0; /*清除中断标志*/
TR0 = 0; /*关中断*/
/*扫描按键*/
Key_Scan();
if(0 != uiVoiceCnt)
{
uiVoiceCnt --;
BUZZER = 0;
}
else
{
BUZZER = 1;
}
TL0 = T1MS; /*initial timer0 low byte*/
TH0 = T1MS >> 8; /*initial timer0 high byte*/
TR0 = 1; /*开中断*/
}
/**
* @brief 延时函数
* @param 无
* @retval 无
**/
void Delay_Long(unsigned int uiDelayLong)
{
unsigned int i;
unsigned int j;
for(i=0;i
三、仿真实现
