Ubuntu下 Firefox 字体配置参考方案

Ubuntu Linux 6.06 下 Firefox 2.0b1 字体配置 参考 方案


先请大家看看配置字体以后浏览网页的效果。

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大家可以看到，无论是中文网页还是英文网页，浏览效果都和Windows下的IE相差不大。

也许你注意到了，英文字体不如Windows下的锐利。这是因为启用了 Anti-aliasing 的结果。
在 Windows XP 下，如果你安装了微软的 ClearType 字体美化软件，那么英文字体的美化效果和 AA是相似的。
ClearType 和 Anti-aliasing 都是很先进的显示技术，有利于缓解视觉疲劳，保护眼睛。微软的下一代操作系统 Windows Vista 将应用 ClearType 显示技术。锋利的字体将成为 Windows 的历史。

这样的显示效果是怎么样配置出来的呢？

首先，你手头上要有支持 XFT 的 Firefox。 Firefox 默认是不带 XFT 的。你最好自己编译一份。我现在下载的版本是2.0Beta1。
源码下载地址:
http://releases.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/firefox/releases/2.0b1/source/firefox-2.0b1-source.tar.bz2

注意解压的源码不能直接编译，必须先在解压出来的 mozilla目录下创建一个名为 mozconfig的文件，指定编译参数。
具体方法参见源码包中的 README.

下面把我的 mozconfig文件内容贴出来给大家参考.

# Build Firefox
mk_add_options MOZ_OBJDIR=@TOPSRCDIR@/release/firefox-static
. $topsrcdir/browser/config/mozconfig
ac_add_options --enable-optimize=-O2
ac_add_options --disable-debug
ac_add_options --enable-default-toolkit=gtk2
ac_add_options --enable-xft    #这是必须的
ac_add_options --enable-static
ac_add_options --disable-shared
ac_add_options --disable-tests

mozconfig创建完毕就可以编译安装了。
# ./configure
# make
# make install

下面安装常用中文字体。文泉驿、文鼎等都是不错的选择。如果你没有这些字体，那么考虑用Windows下已经安装的，包括中易公司的sim* 系列字体看看效果。比较简单的做法是，把Windows目录下的Fonts文件夹中几个重要字体，比如宋体、楷体、仿宋、细黑、Tohama、Arial等复制到 /usr/share/fonts/other 文件夹中。然后执行

# fc-cache /usr/share/fonts/other

更新字体缓存。

以下步骤是假定你拷贝了Windows/Fonts下的所有主要字体。如果你使用了其他字体，参照下面的步骤修改具体参数即可。

检查一下 /etc/fonts/fonts.conf  文件有没有被修改过。如果被修改了，最好恢复到最原始的版本。

下面在 /etc/fonts/ 目录下创建文件 local.conf ，文件内容如下:

xml version="1.0" ?>
DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd" >

< fontconfig >

     < match  target ="font" >
                 < edit  name ="autohint" >
                         < bool > true bool >
                 edit >
                
                 < edit  name ="hintstyle" >
                         < const > hintfull const >
                 edit >
                
                 < edit  name ="antialias" >
                         < bool > true bool >
                 edit >
     match >

     < match  target ="font" >
         < edit  name ="embeddedbitmap"  mode ="assign" >
             < bool > true bool >
         edit >
     match >

     < match  target ="font" >
        
         < test  name ="weight"  compare ="less_eq" >
             < const > medium const >
         test >
        
         < test  target ="pattern"  name ="weight"  compare ="more" >
             < const > medium const >
         test >
        
         < edit  name ="embolden"  mode ="assign" >
             < bool > true bool >
         edit >
        
         < edit  name ="weight"  mode ="assign" >
             < const > bold const >
         edit >
        
        
     match >

     < match  target ="font" >
                 < test  target ="pattern"  name ="lang"  compare ="contains" >
                         < string > zh string >
                         < string > ja string >
                         < string > ko string >
                 test >
                 < edit  name ="spacing" >
                         < const > proportional const >
                 edit >
                 < edit  name ="globaladvance" >
                         < bool > false bool >
                 edit >
         match >


     < match  target ="pattern" >
         < test  name ="family" >
             < string > SimSun string >
             < string > SimHei string >
             < string > KaiTi_GB2312 string >
             < string > FangSong_GB2312 string >
             < string > Batang string >
             < string > Gulim string >
             < string > MS Gothic string >
             < string > MingLiU string >
             < string > SimSun-18030 string >
             < string > AR PL SungtiL GB string >
             < string > AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni string >
             < string > AR PL New Sung string >
             < string > PMingLiU string >
         test >
         < edit  binding ="strong"  mode ="prepend"  name ="family" >
             < string > Tahoma string >
             < string > Arial string >
             < string > Verdana string >
             < string > DejaVu Sans string >
             < string > Bitstream Vera Sans string >
         edit >
     match >


     < alias >
         < family > serif family >
         < prefer >
             < family > Nimbus Roman No9 L family >
             < family > Thorndale AMT family >
             < family > DejaVu Serif family >
             < family > Bitstream Vera Serif family >
             < family > Times New Roman family >
             < family > Luxi Serif family >
             < family > Likhan family >
             < family > FreeSerif family >
             < family > Times family >
             < family > SimSun family >
             < family > SimHei family >
             < family > KaiTi_GB2312 family >
             < family > FangSong_GB2312 family >
             < family > Batang family >
             < family > Gulim family >
             < family > MS Gothic family >
             < family > MingLiU family >
             < family > SimSun-18030 family >
             < family > WenQuanYi Bitmap Song family >
             < family > AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni family >
             < family > AR PL New Sung family >
             < family > FZSongTi family >
             < family > FZMingTiB family >
             < family > AR PL SungtiL GB family >
             < family > AR PL Mingti2L Big5 family >
             < family > Kochi Mincho family >
             < family > UnBatang family >
             < family > Baekmuk Batang family >
             < family > HanyiSong family >
             < family > ZYSong18030 family >
         prefer >
     alias >
     < alias >
         < family > sans-serif family >
         < prefer >
             < family > DejaVu Sans family >
             < family > Bitstream Vera Sans family >
             < family > Luxi Sans family >
             < family > Arial family >
             < family > Verdana family >
             < family > Albany AMT family >
             < family > Nimbus Sans L family >
             < family > FreeSans family >
             < family > Helvetica family >
             < family > SimSun family >
             < family > SimHei family >
             < family > KaiTi_GB2312 family >
             < family > FangSong_GB2312 family >
             < family > Batang family >
             < family > Gulim family >
             < family > MS Gothic family >
             < family > MingLiU family >
             < family > SimSun-18030 family >
             < family > WenQuanYi Bitmap Song family >
             < family > AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni family >
             < family > AR PL New Sung family >
             < family > FZSongTi family >
             < family > FZMingTiB family >
             < family > AR PL SungtiL GB family >
             < family > AR PL Mingti2L Big5 family >
             < family > Kochi Gothic family >
             < family > UnDotum family >
             < family > Baekmuk Gulim family >
             < family > Baekmuk Dotum family >
         prefer >
     alias >
     < alias >
         < family > monospace family >
         < prefer >
             < family > DejaVu Sans Mono family >
             < family > Bitstream Vera Sans Mono family >
             < family > Luxi Mono family >
             < family > Courier New family >
             < family > Cumberland AMT family >
             < family > Nimbus Mono L family >
             < family > Andale Mono family >
             < family > FreeMono family >
             < family > SimSun family >
             < family > SimHei family >
             < family > KaiTi_GB2312 family >
             < family > FangSong_GB2312 family >
             < family > Batang family >
             < family > Gulim family >
             < family > MS Gothic family >
             < family > MingLiU family >
             < family > NSimSun family >
             < family > NSimSun-18030 family >
             < family > PMingLiU family >
             < family > WenQuanYi Bitmap Song family >
             < family > AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni family >
             < family > AR PL New Sung family >
             < family > FZSongTi family >
             < family > FZMingTiB family >
             < family > AR PL SungtiL GB family >
             < family > AR PL Mingti2L Big5 family >
             < family > Kochi Gothic family >
             < family > UnDotum family >
             < family > Baekmuk Gulim family >
             < family > Baekmuk Dotum family >
             < family > HanyiSong family >
             < family > ZYSong18030 family >
         prefer >
     alias >
    
fontconfig >

这份配置文件能适应大多数情况。
注意中间有一段是分别指定中文字体和其他字体的渲染顺序的，大家可以根据自己的需要修改。

最后打开 Firefox 浏览器，在地址栏中输入 about:config
修改一些键值。
以下左边为 Preference Name, 右边为修改后的值Value。

font.FreeType2.unhinted               false
browser.display.use_document_fonts    0
font.default.zh-CN                    SimSun
font.language.group                   x-western
font.name.monospace.zh.CN             SimSun
font.name.sans-serif.zh-CN            SimSun
font.name.serif.zh-CN                 SimSun
inti.charset.default                  GB2312

以上只是针对简体中文的设置。如果你浏览繁体中文网页，可将 font.default.zh-HK 等设置为 -arphic-Ming for ISO10646-big5hkscs-0 等。
把 browser.display.use_document_fonts 置0是最关键的，否则下面的字体设置都不起作用。
SimSun就是你要使用的宋体的字体名称。使用字体查看器打开字体文件时可以看到字体名称。

好了，打开几个网页看看效果。

附带说一句，按照上面的方法创建文件 local.conf 后，在支持XFT的 Opera中不能再选SimSun作为首选字体了，否则网页文字会变得模糊不清。
依次打开 工具->首选项->高级->字体, 把网页普通文字改为 NSimSun，再在"国际字体"的"书写系统"选"简体中文", ",把"普通字体"也改为 NSimSun。(Veiz)