gstreamer: gstreamer.freedesktop.org
kubernetes: kubernetes.io, github.com/kubernetes-client
microk8s: microk8s.io
redis: redis.cn, w3cschool.cn/redis
v4l2: kernel.org
grpc: grpc.io http://doc.oschina.net/grpc?t=58011
protobuf: https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers, github.com/protocolbuffers
android: https://developer.android.google.cn/
android kernel: https://github.com/MiCode/Xiaomi_Kernel_OpenSource
openmax: github.com/khronosgroup/
doxygen: http://doxygen.nl/manual/markdown.html
http 2.0: https://http2.github.io/
linkerd: https://linkerd.io/ https://www.kubernetes.org.cn/2476.html https://github.com/linkerd https://github.com/linkerd/linkerd-examples
nodejs: nodejs.cn, nodejs.org
qemu: qemu.org
typescript: https://www.tslang.cn/
门户网:(中文)
http://www.sina.com.cn http://www.sohu.com http://www.163.com
门户网:(英文)
http://www.news.com
http://qiye.163.com/login/ paul_cao qiyuemail.com
技术:
http://www.csdn.net http://wenku.baidu.com http://www.mathworks.cn http://www.chinaunix.net/
http://www.ieee.org http://www.codeproject.com http://msdn.microsoft.com
http://www.changedetection.net/ http://www.stackoverflow.com/
http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/index.shtml 斯坦福NLP
http://www.runoob.com/nodejs/nodejs-tutorial.html Node.js tutorial
https://nodejs.org
http://www.w3school.com.cn/ w3school
http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/ Octave
http://vcipl-okstate.org/pbvs/bench/ OTCBVS Benchmark Dataset Collection
http://translate.google.cn/ google在线翻译
http://bbs.pinggu.org/ 经管之家
http://ivrl.epfl.ch IMAGE AND VISUAL REPRESENTATION LAB IVRL
Finance:
http://bbs.cfaspace.com/ CFA space
博客:
http://blog.csdn.net/zhaoxu0312 csdn排名第六
http://blog.csdn.net/zhoubl668 csdn排名第170
http://blog.csdn.net/xmuecor csdn博客:芙石工作室。数据科学
http://verbs.colorado.edu/~mpalmer Blog of Martha Palmer, Professor, Department of Linguistics University of Colorado Boulder
http://blog.csdn.net/jackfirst86 有一些关于分词的转载
http://blog.csdn.net/marising 李海波博客,李海波 -- 做影响一亿人的产品, 有自然语言处理/机器学习,CRF++
http://blog.csdn.net/stdcoutzyx 斯坦福ML公开课笔记
http://www.zhihu.com/ 知乎
http://www.blog.huajh7.com/variational-byes Junhao HUA blog
http://blog.csdn.net/baimafujinji 白马负金羁 数据挖掘 | 统计分析 | 图像处理 | 程序设计
http://blog.csdn.net/robertsong2004 闲云孤鹤的博客, (金融之路......)
娱乐:
http://cn.msn.com/ http://www.tianya.cn
数学:
http://blog.csdn.net/foolely/article/details/1350665 Topology
http://blog.csdn.net/zhaoyang17/article/details/5313359 李天岩:混沌的故事
决策树与随机森林:
http://blog.csdn.net/guoqiangma/article/details/7188639
http://blog.csdn.net/abcjennifer/article/details/20905311
R语言:
http://www.r-bloggers.com/ R语言blog
http://www.r-project.org R语言projects
eBook:
http://www.ebook3000.com
http://www.springer.com/
http://www.wiley.com
Gidder - git server on android:
http://devzc.com/archives/302/giddergit-server-on-android/
pdu:
http://www.twit88.com/home/utility/sms-pdu-encode-decode
Mathematics:
http://blog.csdn.net/arch_seeker/article/category/1123092
http://www.aw.com/ide/index.html
http://mathgenealogy.mnsu.edu/
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/
Super Pixel / Segmentation:
http://blog.csdn.net/anshan1984/article/details/8918167
http://blog.csdn.net/anshan1984/article/details/8581225
http://www2.cs.sfu.ca/~mori/research/superpixels/
http://blog.csdn.net/deepvl/article/details/39988475 Video/Motion Segmentation Dataset and Benchmark
http://blog.csdn.net/xw20084898/article/details/17566413 CV codes代码分类整理合集
http://www.sigvc.org/bbs/thread-72-1-1.html CV codes代码分类整理合集
拟阵(Matroid)
http://blog.csdn.net/baisung/article/details/7657926
http://blog.csdn.net/nightwishss/article/details/19454225
http://blog.csdn.net/shellaylee/article/details/28748207
http://blog.csdn.net/u010555682/article/details/47000063
Google word2vec:
http://blog.csdn.net/peghoty/article/category/1686185 word2vec 中的数学原理详解
http://blog.csdn.net/lingerlanlan/article/details/38232755 word2vec源码解析之word2vec.c
http://ir.dlut.edu.cn/news/detail/253 杨阳word2vec使用指南
http://blog.csdn.net/mytestmy/article/details/26961315 深度学习word2vec笔记之基础篇
http://download.csdn.net/download/dsp_g/8923559
http://mattmahoney.net/ 作者主页
http://radimrehurek.com/gensim/ Gensim: word2vec python version
http://www.cnblogs.com/downtjs/p/3784440.html 深度学习word2vec笔记之算法篇
http://blog.csdn.net/mytestmy/article/details/26961315 深度学习word2vec笔记之基础篇
C: http://word2vec.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/
python: http://radimrehurek.com/gensim/
Java: https://github.com/ansjsun/Word2VEC_java
C++: https://github.com/jdeng/word2vec
围棋:
http://blog.csdn.net/gzlaiyonghao/article/details/2387034
http://www.docin.com/p-1491513824.html
gensim:
http://blog.csdn.net/largetalk/article/details/10439459
http://blog.csdn.net/whzhcahzxh/article/details/17528261
http://blog.csdn.net/questionfish/article/details/46772205
python: http://radimrehurek.com/gensim/
Google 机器学习:
http://tensorflow.org
Deep Learning:
http://blog.csdn.net/abcjennifer/article/details/7826917 机器学习——深度学习(Deep Learning)
http://blog.csdn.net/zouxy09/article/details/8777094
http://blog.csdn.net/yangliuy/article/details/9335697 概率图模型(PGM)综述-by MIT 林达华博士
http://blog.csdn.net/zouxy09/article/details/8782018 Deep Learning(深度学习)学习笔记
http://blog.csdn.net/junmuzi/article/details/51480472 十个值得一试的开源深度学习框架
http://www.csdn.net/article/1970-01-01/2825166 KDnuggets热门深度学习工具排行
Tensorflow:
http://geek.csdn.net/forum/129
http://blog.csdn.net/lizhe_dashuju/article/details/49761205
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torch_(machine_learning)
http://blog.csdn.net/isuker/article/details/52462897
http://blog.csdn.net/snsn1984/article/details/51352440
http://blog.csdn.net/snsn1984/article/details/51371970 TensorFlow学习笔记之三——适合入门的一些资源
http://blog.csdn.net/mydear_11000/article/details/52020835 Tensorflow(一) 安装运行
http://blog.csdn.net/helei001/article/details/51285951
http://www.tensorfly.cn/tfdoc/get_started/os_setup.html Tensorflow 中文社区
http://blog.csdn.net/may0324/article/details/53413024 Tensorflow 离线安装跳坑总结
Torch
https://www.zhihu.com/question/34789475?sort=created#
http://blog.csdn.net/jiejinquanil/article/details/49820471
http://blog.csdn.net/ethan_apple/article/details/48627639
http://blog.csdn.net/guoyilin/article/details/38440413
http://blog.csdn.net/guoyilin/article/details/38374179 Deep Learning 工具 Torch7安装与使用
http://torch.ch
http://blog.csdn.net/shenxiaolu1984/article/details/52373174
http://blog.csdn.net/shenxiaolu1984/article/details/51592320
http://blog.csdn.net/helei001/article/details/49967905
http://blog.csdn.net/hungryof/article/details/52022415 Torch7学习系列
GAN(Generative Adversary Network) -- deeplearning
http://blog.csdn.net/boon_228/article/details/52400207 GAN的模型和理论发展
http://geek.csdn.net/news/detail/134553 GAN学习指南:从原理入门到制作生成Demo
http://blog.csdn.net/seven_first/article/details/53100325 在caffe 中实现Generative Adversarial Nets(二)
http://blog.csdn.net/u013139259/article/details/52729191 对抗神经网络(Adversarial Nets)的介绍[1]
http://blog.csdn.net/solomon1558/article/details/52555083 生成式对抗网络GAN研究进展(三)——条件GAN
http://blog.csdn.net/u011534057/article/details/52840788 GANs学习系列(5): 生成式对抗网络Generative Adversarial Networks
http://blog.csdn.net/solomon1558/article/details/52549409 生成式对抗网络GAN研究进展(二)——原始GAN
http://blog.csdn.net/shenxiaolu1984/article/details/52215983 【深度学习】生成对抗网络Generative Adversarial Nets
http://blog.csdn.net/seven_first/article/details/52999758 caffe 中实现Generative Adversarial Nets(一)
http://lib.csdn.net/article/deeplearning/59229 GANs学习系列(9):DCGAN对抗卷积神经网络总结 (不错)
http://lib.csdn.net/article/deeplearning/59228?knId=1731 DCGAN论文笔记+源码解析
股票数据:
http://www.wstock.net/wstock/wsmin.htm
Machine learning and Deep learning in GitHub:
https://github.com/josephmisiti awesome machine learning / awesome deep learning
https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/43341 史上最全的机器学习资料
https://github.com/rosejn
OpenNLP:
http://blog.csdn.net/qianwenhong/article/details/41845437 中文分词软件包的使用
LingPipe:
http://blog.csdn.net/qachenzude/article/details/8266705
http://blog.csdn.net/chenlei0630/article/details/18698397
MRF for computer Vision:
http://blog.csdn.net/hitmonkey/article/details/2128750
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov_random_field
Octave(Matlab of GNU):
http://blog.csdn.net/c395565746c/article/details/6419534
http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/doc/interpreter/ GNU Octave Doc inline
https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/octave.pdf GNU Octave pdf Doc
http://blog.csdn.net/argansos/article/details/6902465 linux 下用 emacs + octave 代替 matlab
http://blog.csdn.net/ubiter/article/details/6839148
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/octave/windows/octave-4.0.0_0.zip GNU Octave windows UI version: good.
http://sourceforge.net/projects/octave/ octave sourceforge packages download
Sigmoid:
http://blog.csdn.net/glock18c/article/details/16903759
http://blog.csdn.net/Glock18C/article/details/16906147
Emgu CV(OpenCV in C#):
http://blog.csdn.net/xywy2008/article/details/18321561
http://sourceforge.net/projects/emgucv/postdownload?source=dlp
http://blog.csdn.net/xywy2008/article/details/18321561
http://www.cnblogs.com/zengqs/archive/2009/01/31/1381756.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/maiye/archive/2010/06/19/1761075.html
http://www.changhai.org/bbs/ 繁星客栈-望月殿
http://www.arxiv.org 张贴未正式发表论文
3D重建与双目视觉
http://blog.csdn.net/chenyusiyuan/article/details/5961769 OpenCV学习笔记(16)双目测距与三维重建的OpenCV实现问题集锦(一)图像获取与单目定标
http://blog.csdn.net/chenyusiyuan/article/details/5963256 OpenCV学习笔记(17)双目测距与三维重建的OpenCV实现问题集锦(二)双目定标与双目校正
http://blog.csdn.net/chenyusiyuan/article/details/5967291 OpenCV学习笔记(18)双目测距与三维重建的OpenCV实现问题集锦(三)立体匹配与视差计算
http://blog.csdn.net/chenyusiyuan/article/details/5970799 OpenCV学习笔记(19)双目测距与三维重建的OpenCV实现问题集锦(四)三维重建与OpenGL显示
http://www.opencv.org.cn/
http://blog.csdn.net/panda1234lee/article/details/11094483 OpenCV的RobustMatch匹配算法
android wifi AP(ad hoc):
http://blog.csdn.net/bingking88/article/details/7702970
http://blog.csdn.net/z642010820/article/details/7341478
http://blog.csdn.net/cxlmax/article/details/7827102
古诗文网:
http://www.gushiwen.org/guwen/shijing.aspx
Maven(java)
http://maven.apache.org
Jena (RDF/OWL, Semantic Web Tool):
http://blog.csdn.net/jazywoo123/article/details/8748653 Jena 本体推理
http://blog.csdn.net/angle7777/article/details/16807153
http://blog.csdn.net/wxlchinaren/article/details/7351373
http://blog.csdn.net/jazywoo123/article/details/8748759
http://blog.csdn.net/yangchang999/article/details/6280071
http://blog.csdn.net/xiaocong1314/article/details/8439895
http://blog.csdn.net/frontend922/article/details/15410933 基于Java的RDF开发工具
http://jena.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/jena/ jena CVS库
http://jena.svn.sourceforge.net/
http://jena.apache.org/
https://github.com/apache/jena
Penn Tree Bank(PTB, CTB), Berkeley Parser
http://download.csdn.net/detail/kamo54/3032541 ctbparser 1.1下载
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/e4fa223b58fafab068dc023c.html?re=view 从宾州中文树库观察三个汉语语法问题
http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=7nmLg8Tf1_hwebBtpLCAQqt98P1bvtzmsqQ6BgUYlOCw5569yxC26aqXRnji1YWrt31b0Xz2OGAV3VrVoeq6JVdqMKYssnz9PDsRcHPuafe 树库标记及其含义
http://www.ldc.upenn.edu 宾州大学Linguistic Data Consortium
https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu
http://m.blog.csdn.net/blog/fkyyly/42919477 在CTB上训练一个Berkeley Parser
http://blog.csdn.net/fkyyly
ftp://ftp.cis.upenn.edu/pub/treebank
https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/byproject LDC Corpora ⇔ Projects
http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~treebank/ The Penn Treebank Project
http://www.threedweb.cn/thread-1479-1-1.html 宾州树库研究和团购
http://www.threedweb.cn/ NLP社区 ccwwff
http://dingo.sbs.arizona.edu/~sandiway/treebankviewer/ TreeBank Viewer
CRF reference:
CRF++, FlexCrfs, pocketCRF, CRFSuit
Friso:
http://download.csdn.net/detail/u013226064/7485607 friso中文分词1.6版
Pullword(分词url):
http://www.pullword.com/
ZPar:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/zpar/files/0.7/ open source ZPar
Semantic Web:
http://blog.csdn.net/fcjg/article/details/1782962 语义网系统纵论(上)
http://www.semafora-systems.com/
数据集:
http://www.datatang.com/ 数据堂
WordSegment:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/wordseg/files/?source=navbar opensource WordSegment
CRF segment:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/crfsegmenter/files/ open source
Stanford Parser:
http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/lex-parser.shtml#Download
http://blog.csdn.net/dushenzhi/article/details/8194987
http://blog.csdn.net/guanjungao/article/details/22678243
http://blog.csdn.net/cuixianpeng/article/details/16864785
Protege:
http://protege.stanford.edu homepage
http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/WebProtege doc
https://github.com/protegeproject/webprotege source code
http://download.csdn.net/detail/shaqkoko54/8221015 protege 5
http://blog.csdn.net/wangjun_pfc/article/details/1857303
http://blog.csdn.net/mawenhu/article/details/3678027 领域本体的构建方法研究
http://blog.csdn.net/keaiweiwei/article/details/6790549 protege中使用推理机
http://blog.csdn.net/keaiweiwei/article/category/890605 本体ontology
OWL:
http://download.csdn.net/detail/hello898989/6941115
Ontology:
http://www.semafora-systems.com/
http://www.daml.org/
http://www.opencyc.org/
Reasoner:
http://blog.csdn.net/lqk1985/article/details/3501536 Jess与Racer推理的区别
http://blog.csdn.net/zhoubl668/article/details/17286989 推理机Jess、Racer、Jena 比较
自然语言:
http://blog.csdn.net/zhoubl668/article/category/822563 搜索引擎开发(数据挖掘、海量数据处理、自然语言)
Cyc / opencyc
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=3wOuuV27l9xk_N4nwWPpcA4bfoKT8AJiqbOfngIvkoiPltaznDcMqp0ONuIJLTlcKDF8UqMUjwUP-yLrz8htFK CYC项目-百度百科
Topic Model:
http://blog.csdn.net/huagong_adu/article/details/7937616 主题模型-LDA浅析
http://download.csdn.net/detail/walkinsjtu/5166339 主题模型LDA的论文-Blei博士
http://download.csdn.net/detail/wxhbj0889/4947186 主题模型博士论文
Bayers(贝叶斯):
http://blog.csdn.net/xmuecor/article/details/40372231 朴素贝叶斯分类器的应用(文本分类)
TF-IDF:
http://blog.csdn.net/jia20003/article/details/8883661
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tf%E2%80%93idf
http://blog.csdn.net/u013937688/article/details/46342657
http://blog.csdn.net/u013937688/article/details/46316951
NER(Named Entity Recognizer) 命名实体识别-- NLP
http://blog.csdn.net/zl19890124/article/details/46686241 Stanford Named Entity Recognizer (NER)简单应用实例
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/cf64d1d3360cba1aa811da19.html?re=view 基于条件随机场的中文命名实体识别研究(硕士论文)
Viterbi:
http://blog.csdn.net/yihucha166/article/details/1958871 HMM学习(6)-Viterbi Algorithm
Matrix Computations(矩阵计算)----Useful URL:
GVL4
Matlab demo scripts and functions, master bibliography, list of erata.
http://www.cornell.edu/cv/GVL4
NetLib
Huge repository of numerical software including LAPACK.
http://www.netlib.org/index.html
Matrix Market
Test examples for matrix algorithms.
http://math.nist.gov/matirxmarket
Matlab Central
Matlab functions, demos, classes, toolboxes, videos.
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral
University of Florida Spare Matrix Collections
Thousands of spare matrix examples in several formats.
http://www.cise.ufl.edu/research/spare/matrices
Pseudospectra Gateway
Grapical tools for pseudospectra.
http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/projects/pseudospectra
AUPACK
Software for large spare eigenvalue problems
http://www.caam.rice.edu/software/ARPACK
innovative Computing Laboratory
State-of-the-art high performance matrix computations.
http://icl.cs.utk.edu
http://blog.csdn.net/guzenyel/article/details/25769507 超像素分割与超像素合并/区域合并/多尺度分割
TLD Tracking
http://blog.csdn.net/MySniper11/article/details/8726649
http://blog.csdn.net/carson2005/article/details/7647500
http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/Z.Kalal/ 作者主页
http://blog.csdn.net/yang_xian521/article/details/7091587
压缩感知:
http://blog.csdn.net/abcjennifer/article/details/7721834 初识压缩感知Compressive Sensing
http://blog.csdn.net/jbb0523/article/details/41288573 压缩感知应用——单像素相机
Object Detection(LBP, Haar, HOG):
http://blog.csdn.net/polly_yang/article/details/8470614
http://blog.csdn.net/q123456789098/article/details/52748918
ASM, AAM(active shape model, active appearance model):
http://blog.csdn.net/carson2005/article/details/8194317
http://blog.csdn.net/yang_xian521/article/details/7468571
http://blog.csdn.net/watkinsong/article/details/8891071
http://blog.csdn.net/cbl709/article/details/46239571
http://blog.csdn.net/yangtrees/article/details/8710734
http://blog.csdn.net/wobujianni/article/details/40077309
AAM source code:
http://codecapsule.com/2010/08/12/active-appearance-models-in-c-plus-plus/
http://www.ri.cmu.edu/research_project_detail.html?project_id=448
http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/~aam/
https://github.com/dfdx/ActiveAppearanceModels.jl
Grabcut, Graphcut:
http://research.justintalbot.org/papers/Grabcut.pdf Implementing grabcut
http://blog.csdn.net/zouxy09/article/details/8535087
http://blog.csdn.net/zouxy09/article/details/8534954
http://blog.csdn.net/zouxy09/article/details/8532111
http://blog.csdn.net/mulinb/article/details/8989205
DenseCut:
https://github.com/jasonbunk/densecut-linux
http://mmcheng.net/densecut/
Skin Color Model:
http://blog.csdn.net/wj080211140/article/details/23384927
Deep Learning:
http://blog.csdn.net/zouxy09/article/details/11910527 Deep Learning源代码收集-持续更新…
有趣的故事:
http://blog.csdn.net/u013524655/article/details/40922139 模型先生西蒙斯——世界上最赚钱的数学家
http://blog.csdn.net/chungle2011/article/details/52450187
字幕网站:
http://assrt.net/
http://www.dragonsubtitles.com/
CVPR:
http://www.csdn.net/article/2015-08-06/2825395 CVPR 2015深度学习回顾:ConvNet、Caffe、Torch及其他
http://blog.csdn.net/sinat_34707539/article/details/52093422 2016 CVPR
http://blog.csdn.net/sinat_34707539/article/details/52209240 2016CVPR参展商和赞助商名单
QEMU:
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-07/65478.htm 使用Qemu模拟Cortex-A9运行U-boot和Linux
http://linuxeden.com/html/develop/20100820/104409.html 在QEMU中调试ARM程序
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-qemu/index.html 使用 QEMU 进行系统仿真
http://blog.csdn.net/hmsiwtv/article/details/19763709 用Qemu模拟ARM(1)
http://download.qemu-project.org/qemu-doc.html.old QEMU Emulator User Documentation
http://download.qemu-project.org/qemu-doc.html
http://git.qemu-project.org/
netlink 相关资源
https://blog.csdn.net/banruoju/article/details/69387232 linux的netlink接口详解(上)
https://blog.csdn.net/banruoju/article/details/77833538 linux的netlink接口详解(下)
http://www.infradead.org/~tgr/libnl/doc/core.html#core_msg_attr Netlink Library (libnl)
https://blog.csdn.net/luckyapple1028/article/details/50839395 Netlink 内核实现分析(一):创建
https://blog.csdn.net/luckyapple1028/article/details/50936563 Netlink 内核实现分析(二):通信
https://blog.csdn.net/luckyapple1028/article/details/51172455 Generic Netlink内核实现分析(一):初始化
https://blog.csdn.net/luckyapple1028/article/details/51232582 Generic Netlink内核实现分析(二):通信
https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/generic_netlink_howto#architectural-overview
http://www.openvswitch.org/support/dist-docs/ openvswitch doc
include/uapi/linux/netlink.h
/* ========================================================================
* Netlink Messages and Attributes Interface (As Seen On TV)
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Messages Interface
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Message Format:
* <--- nlmsg_total_size(payload) --->
* <-- nlmsg_msg_size(payload) ->
* +----------+- - -+-------------+- - -+-------- - -
* | nlmsghdr | Pad | Payload | Pad | nlmsghdr
* +----------+- - -+-------------+- - -+-------- - -
* nlmsg_data(nlh)---^ ^
* nlmsg_next(nlh)-----------------------+
*
* Payload Format:
* <---------------------- nlmsg_len(nlh) --------------------->
* <------ hdrlen ------> <- nlmsg_attrlen(nlh, hdrlen) ->
* +----------------------+- - -+--------------------------------+
* | Family Header | Pad | Attributes |
* +----------------------+- - -+--------------------------------+
* nlmsg_attrdata(nlh, hdrlen)---^
*
* Attribute Format:
* <------- nla_total_size(payload) ------->
* <---- nla_attr_size(payload) ----->
* +----------+- - -+- - - - - - - - - +- - -+-------- - -
* | Header | Pad | Payload | Pad | Header
* +----------+- - -+- - - - - - - - - +- - -+-------- - -
* <- nla_len(nla) -> ^
* nla_data(nla)----^ |
* nla_next(nla)-----------------------------'
*
*=========================================================================