asm 实例无法加载diskgroups，ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted

今天安装oracle11g R2的grid，装完之后发现无法加载diskgroups，报错如下：

SQL> startup
ORA-00099: warning: no parameter file specified for ASM instance
ASM instance started

Total System Global Area  283930624 bytes
Fixed Size                  2225792 bytes
Variable Size             256539008 bytes
ASM Cache                  25165824 bytes
ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted

(1)分析认为是由于ORA-00099引起，无法找到diskgroup。

（2）在网上搜索得到asm参数文件的配置格式如下：

asm_diskstring='/dev/oracleasm/disks/DISK*'
asm_diskgroups='DATA'
asm_power_limit=1
diagnostic_dest='/opt/oracle'
instance_type='asm'
large_pool_size=12M
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

 

生成文件：$ORACLE_HOME/grid/dbs/init+ASM.ora

注意asm_diskstring中必须包含“*”才能正确加载，否则报下面错误

 

SQL> startup
ASM instance started

Total System Global Area  283930624 bytes
Fixed Size                  2225792 bytes
Variable Size             256539008 bytes
ASM Cache                  25165824 bytes
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15017: diskgroup "DATA" cannot be mounted
ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup "DATA"

（3）保存设置到spfile

SQL> create spfile from pfile;
create spfile from pfile
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-29786: SIHA attribute GET failed with error [Attribute 'SPFILE' sts[200]
lsts[0]]

产生这个问题的原因为ORACLE认为ASM实例是手工创建的，并没有注册这个资源,那么首先增加ASM资源

需要使用下面命令注册asm

srvctl add asm -l LISTENER -d '/dev/oracleasm/disks/DISK*'

然后重新执行命令：

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

 

（4）关闭asm实例后重新启动，成功加载：

SQL> startup
ASM instance started

Total System Global Area  283930624 bytes
Fixed Size                  2225792 bytes
Variable Size             256539008 bytes
ASM Cache                  25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
ASM diskgroups volume enabled