raspberry pi 入门 ---- 安装系统

关于树莓派raspberry pi的基本知识就不赘述了，我也没有特别仔细的研究。等需要的时候再调查。

具体的教程 http://elinux.org/RPi_Easy_SD_Card_Setup

由于买的tf卡没有预装系统，所以第一步就是安装系统到tf卡里。

根据网上的文档，有好多途径。

1. 安装noobs到tf卡，然后利用noobs安装不同的系统。

noobs 简称 New Out Of Box Software (or NOOBS for short)，下载地址 

1. 下载noobs http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/

2. 插入SD卡于电脑

3. 格式化SD卡 

4. 解压缩noobs 并且拷贝到已经格式化之后的tf卡

5. 把tf卡插回树莓派开发版，通电。进入系统。

具体见 http://elinux.org/RPi_Easy_SD_Card_Setup

2. 直接安装系统，系统的选择譬如raspian等，可以去http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/ 下载镜像文件，然后http://elinux.org/RPi_Easy_SD_Card_Setup 这页有针对不同的系统的安装方法，非常全面。

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好吧，理论上应该非常好，可是实践起来还是问题多多。

Problems：

1. 驱动无法正常烧制到SD卡。

SD卡型号如下：Kingston SDHC class4 4G SDC4  （notwork！！！）

(1). noobs： 按照教程格式化sd卡 然后copy 所有noobs的解压文件，然后把sd卡插入开发板，可是屏幕没有任何信号（不解。。。），按照只是不停的按键盘上的1-4 还是不行（不同的hdmi链接方式）。尝试了多次依旧不行，而且开发板上的ACT灯始终不亮。

(2). 直接安装raspian系统。 分别尝试了利用linux系统和macos 系统烧制镜像文件到sd卡，可是macos烧制出来的sd卡插入之后，有错误显示：no file system could mount root. tried: ext4. blablabla. 于是尝试先格式化sd卡为ext4格式，然后重新烧镜像文件，还是没有任何改善。利用linux烧制的（安装imageWriter 软件），可是ACT灯虽然是亮的，但是屏幕没有任何反应。。。

2. 

solutions:

it seems not only me encounter this problems, and the possible solution is because of the SD card itself. some type of SD card may not work properly, and there are some list and result: http://elinux.org/RPi_SD_cards

So I bought a new SD Card Kingston microSDHC class10 8G SDC10/8G, and now it works well!!!

2. 键盘无法输入double quote

Re-mapping the keyboard with Debian Squeeze If different letters appear on-screen from that which you typed, you need to reconfigure you keyboard settings. In Debian, from a command line type: sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration Follow the prompts. Then restart your RasPi. Or: From the command line type: sudo nano /etc/default/keyboard Then find where it says XKBLAYOUT=”gb” and change the gb to the two letter code for your country. [1]

3. 没有网络链接

Network unreachable sudo route -n it has:  Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface no gateway information at all!!!!

4. 设置wireless connection

http://www.howtogeek.com/167425/how-to-setup-wi-fi-on-your-raspberry-pi-via-the-command-line/ At the prompt, enter the following command: sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces In the nano text editor, you’ll see something like this: auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet dhcp That’s the very basic configuration that governs your Pi’s Ethernet connect (indicated by the eth0 portion). We need to add on a very minor bit to enable the Wi-Fi dongle. Use the arrow keys to move down below the existing entry and add the following lines: allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet dhcp wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf iface default inet dhcp Once you’ve annotated the file, press CTRL+X to save the file and exit the nano editor. At the prompt again, enter the following command: sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf Compare the contents of the file, if it exists, to the following code. If the file is empty, you can use this code to populate it. Take note of the commented lines (indicated by the # marks) to reference which variable you should use based on your current Wi-Fi node configuration. ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev update_config=1 network={ ssid="YOURSSID" psk="YOURPASSWORD" # Protocol type can be: RSN (for WP2) and WPA (for WPA1) proto=WPA # Key management type can be: WPA-PSK or WPA-EAP (Pre-Shared or Enterprise) key_mgmt=WPA-PSK # Pairwise can be CCMP or TKIP (for WPA2 or WPA1) pairwise=TKIP #Authorization option should be OPEN for both WPA1/WPA2 (in less commonly used are SHARED and LEAP) auth_alg=OPEN } When you’re done editing the file, press CTRL+X to save and exit the document. Now is the time to unplug the Ethernet cable and plug in the Wi-Fi dongle. At the command prompt, enter the following command: sudo reboot When the device finishes rebooting, it should automatically connect to the Wi-Fi node. If for some reason it fails to appear on the network, you can always plug the Ethernet cable back in to double check the two files and the variables you altered.

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Useful command:

1. sudo shutdown -h now ()  # shutdown raspberry pi

2. sudo shutdown -r now ()   # restart Raspberry pi

3. lsusb  # check the devices attached to Raspberry pi

http://raspi.tv/2012/how-to-safely-shutdown-or-reboot-your-raspberry-pi

P1. 

So 

Re-mapping the keyboard with Debian Squeeze

If different letters appear on-screen from that which you typed, you need to reconfigure you keyboard settings. In Debian, from a command line type:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

Follow the prompts. Then restart your RasPi.
Or:
From the command line type:

sudo nano /etc/default/keyboard

Then find where it says

XKBLAYOUT=”gb”

and change the gb to the two letter code for your country.  [1]

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S1: