java.util.Properties

java.util.Properties 继承了 java.util.Hashtable
基本用法是new Properties()再调用load方法读取相应的配置文件

package com.demon.test.testProperties;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
//      properties.load(inStream);  //调用load(InputStream inStream);//从流中读入配置文件
//      properties.load(reader);    //调用load(Reader reader);//从流中读入配置文件
//      properties.loadFromXML(in); //调用loadFromXML(InputStream in)//从流中读入xml格式配置文件
//      properties.store(out, comments);    //调用store(OutputStream out, String comments)//输出配置文件到流
        
        properties.load(new FileInputStream("properties_InputStream"));
        properties.store(System.out, "show this properties  1");
        
        properties.load(new  FileReader("properties_Reader"));
        properties.store(System.out, "show this properties  2");
        
        properties.loadFromXML(new FileInputStream("XML_properties_InputStream"));
        properties.store(System.out, "show this properties  3");
    }
}

输出如下:

#show this properties  1
#Mon Dec 25 17:52:12 CST 2017
name=demon
#show this properties  2
#Mon Dec 25 17:52:12 CST 2017
age=123
name=demon
#show this properties  3
#Mon Dec 25 17:52:12 CST 2017
age=123
name=demon.li
key=value

读入的三个配置文件内容为:
properties_InputStream:

name = demon

properties_Reader

name = demon
age = 123

XML_properties_InputStream




    demon.li
    value

1.输入

Properties 从流中读入配置时调用的三个方法:

    public synchronized void load(Reader reader) throws IOException {
        load0(new LineReader(reader));
    }
    public synchronized void load(InputStream inStream) throws IOException {
        load0(new LineReader(inStream));
    }
    public synchronized void loadFromXML(InputStream in)
        throws IOException, InvalidPropertiesFormatException
    {
        XmlSupport.load(this, Objects.requireNonNull(in));
        in.close();
    }

可以看到,load(Reader reader)load(InputStream inStream)是为load0 (LineReader lr)方法做了代理,分析load(InputStream inStream)方法和Properties$LineReader内部类,可以看到,load0 (LineReader lr)调用了lr.readLine()方法从流中解析出一行有效的配置,再解析成对应的key和value,调用Object java.util.Hashtable.put(Object key, Object value)将解析出来的key-value添加到自身(Hashtable)中

//java.util.Properties.load0(LineReader)
String key = loadConvert(lr.lineBuf, 0, keyLen, convtBuf);
String value = loadConvert(lr.lineBuf, valueStart, limit - valueStart, convtBuf);
put(key, value);

loadFromXML(InputStream in)方法调用了java.util.Properties.XmlSupport.load(Properties, InputStream)最终调用的是sun.util.spi.XmlPropertiesProvider.load(Properties arg0, InputStream arg1)方法,相对复杂但是从使用效果上看,和load是保持一致的,最后还是会将解析出来的key-value添加到自身去。
这种设计可以同时load多个配置文件,先load的配置有可能被覆盖
要修改或增加配置,最好调用java.util.Properties.setProperty(String, String)方法,即使它只是做了代理

    public synchronized Object setProperty(String key, String value) {
        return put(key, value);
    }

2.输出

Properties提供了list、save、store一系列方法帮助我们将配置写入输出流中,具体方法请alt+/
其中java.util.Properties.save(OutputStream, String)方法已废弃,可以看到它代理了java.util.Properties.store(OutputStream, String)方法,我们使用时直接调用store系列方法即可
java.util.Properties.store(OutputStream, String)java.util.Properties.store(Writer, String)方法是java.util.Properties.store0(BufferedWriter, String, boolean)方法的代理,从源码可以看出该方法遍历打印了所有的key-value,list方法也大同小异

    private void store0(BufferedWriter bw, String comments, boolean escUnicode)
        throws IOException
    {
        if (comments != null) {
            writeComments(bw, comments);
        }
        bw.write("#" + new Date().toString());
        bw.newLine();
        synchronized (this) {
            for (Enumeration e = keys(); e.hasMoreElements();) {
                String key = (String)e.nextElement();
                String val = (String)get(key);
                key = saveConvert(key, true, escUnicode);
                /* No need to escape embedded and trailing spaces for value, hence
                 * pass false to flag.
                 */
                val = saveConvert(val, false, escUnicode);
                bw.write(key + "=" + val);
                bw.newLine();
            }
        }
        bw.flush();
    }

java.util.Properties.storeToXML(OutputStream, String)java.util.Properties.storeToXML(OutputStream, String, String)这两个方法和java.util.Properties.loadFromXML(InputStream)方法一样,最后最为调用的是sun.util.spi.XmlPropertiesProvider.store(Properties arg0, OutputStream arg1, String arg2, String arg3)方法,效果和java.util.Properties.store(OutputStream, String)java.util.Properties.store(Writer, String)方法保持一致。

两个list方法和两个store方法类似。

补充:需要注意,properties.load进去后,输入流不会被关闭,在读取完配置文件后,应该手动关闭掉输入流

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