Nginx 请求转发配置-工作记录

前言

• 记录工作中的一次 Nginx 配置

当前Nginx 工作情况和新需求

• 当前 Nginx 工作情况：
  • 所有的请求都按照一定规则进行重写然后转发服务器A。
• 新需求：
  • 对请求进行过滤，符合某些格式的请求直接转发到服务器B
  • 其他请求仍按原来的规则进行重写然后转发到服务器A。

当前Nginx配置

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  *.test.com;
    
    set $city "";
    if ( $host ~* "^(\w+)\.test\.com$") {
        set $city $1;
    }

    rewrite ^/web/ $uri last;
    rewrite ^/www/ $uri last;
    rewrite ^/css/ $uri last;
    rewrite ^/images/ $uri last;
    rewrite ^/js/ $uri last;
    
    rewrite ~*\.(css)$ www.test.com/$1 last;
    rewrite ^/ajax/(\w+)/(\w+)$  /$1/$2 last;
    rewrite ^/ctrl(\w+)/(\w+)\.html$ /$1/$2 last;
    rewrite ^/ctrl(\w+)/(\w+)$  /$1/$2?city=$city last;
    
    rewrite ^/ctrl(\w+)/(\w+)/(\w+)$  /$1/$2 last;
    rewrite ^/(\w+)/(\w+)$  /$1/$2?city=$city last;
	rewrite ^/(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)/index(\w+)\.html$ /city/index?city=$city&area=$1&type=$2&tab=$3&order=$4&p=$5? last;
    rewrite ^/(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)/$ /city/index?city=$city&area=$1&type=$2&tab=$3&order=$4&p=1? last;
    rewrite ^/(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)/index(\w+)\.html$ /city/index?city=$city&area=$1&type=$2&tab=$3&p=$4? last;
    rewrite ^/(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)/$ /city/index?city=$city&area=$1&type=$2&tab=$3&p=1? last;
    rewrite ^/* /city/index?city=$city&request_uri=$request_uri last;
		
	if ($city = ""){
            rewrite ^/* /;
    }
    
    error_page   404              /40x.html;
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    
	
    location / {  
        proxy_set_header        Host $host; 
        proxy_set_header        Remote_Addr $remote_addr; 
        proxy_set_header        X-REAL-IP  $remote_addr;
        proxy_connect_timeout   3;  
        proxy_send_timeout      30;  
        proxy_read_timeout      30;  
        proxy_pass http://area_jjzm_com;
    }  
}

满足新需求的配置

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  *.jjzm.com;
	
	set $city "";
    if ( $host ~* "^(\w+)\.jjzm\.com$") {
        set $city $1;
    }
	
    #使用 $uri_type 标记请求的类型，判断是否是需要过滤的请求请求
	set $uri_type  "www_uri";
	if ($request_uri ~* "^/seositemap/(.*)/(\w+).xml$"){
            set $uri_type  "seo_uri";
    }
	
	if ($request_uri ~* "^/(\w+)/seositemap/(.*)/(\w+).xml$"){
            set $uri_type  "seo_uri";
    }
       
	#如果不是需要特别过滤的请求则执行原有的 rewrite 逻辑
	if ($uri_type ~ "www_uri"){
		rewrite ^/web/ $uri last;
        rewrite ^/www/ $uri last;
        rewrite ^/css/ $uri last;
        rewrite ^/images/ $uri last;
        rewrite ^/js/ $uri last;
        
        rewrite ~*\.(css)$ www.jzmmaoyan.com/$1 last;
        rewrite ^/ajax/(\w+)/(\w+)$  /$1/$2 last;
        rewrite ^/ctrl(\w+)/(\w+)\.html$ /$1/$2 last;
        rewrite ^/ctrl(\w+)/(\w+)$  /$1/$2?city=$city last;
     
        rewrite ^/ctrl(\w+)/(\w+)/(\w+)$  /$1/$2 last;
        rewrite ^/(\w+)/(\w+)$  /$1/$2?city=$city last;
		rewrite ^/(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)/index(\w+)\.html$ /city/index?city=$city&area=$1&type=$2&tab=$3&order=$4&p=$5? last;
        rewrite ^/(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)/$ /city/index?city=$city&area=$1&type=$2&tab=$3&order=$4&p=1? last;
        rewrite ^/(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)$ /city/index?city=$city&area=$1&type=$2&tab=$3&order=$4&p=1? last;
        rewrite ^/(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)/index(\w+)\.html$ /city/index?city=$city&area=$1&type=$2&tab=$3&p=$4? last;
        rewrite ^/job/(\w+)\.html$ /common/jobdetail?city=$city&id=$1? last;
        rewrite ^/(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)/$ /city/index?city=$city&area=$1&type=$2&tab=$3&p=1? last;
        rewrite ^/(\w+)_(\w+)_(\w+)$ /city/index?city=$city&area=$1&type=$2&tab=$3&p=1? last;
        rewrite ^/* /city/index?city=$city&request_uri=$request_uri last;
	}
	
	if ($city = ""){
            rewrite ^/* /;
    }
    
    error_page   404              /40x.html;
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    
	#匹配符合格式1的请求并进行转发
	location  ~*  ^/seositemap/(.*)/(\w+).xml$  {  
        proxy_set_header        Host $host; 
        proxy_connect_timeout   3;  
        proxy_send_timeout      30;  
        proxy_read_timeout      30;
        proxy_pass http://jzmao_timer;
    }
	#匹配符合格式2的请求并进行转发
	location  ~*  ^/(\w+)/seositemap/(.*)/(\w+).xml$  {  
		rewrite ^/(\w+)/seositemap/(.*)/(\w+).xml$  /seositemap/$2/$3.xml break;
        proxy_set_header        Host $host; 
        proxy_connect_timeout   3;  
        proxy_send_timeout      30;  
        proxy_read_timeout      30;
        proxy_pass http://jzmao_timer;
    }
       
    location / {  
        proxy_set_header        Host $host; 
        proxy_set_header        Remote_Addr $remote_addr; 
        proxy_set_header        X-REAL-IP  $remote_addr;
        proxy_connect_timeout   3;  
        proxy_send_timeout      30;  
        proxy_read_timeout      30;  
        proxy_pass http://area_jjzm_com;
    }  
}

关键配置内容解析

• 通过 一个变量 $uri_type 来标记当前请求是否需要过滤
• 由于 Nginx 不支持嵌套的 if，也不支持 if 中使用逻辑运算符 （ &&），所以需要写多个 if。而不能简单写成：

  • if (条件1 || 条件2 ){
        xxx
    }
    或
    if (条件1 && 条件2 ){
        xxx
    }
    或
    if (条件1){
        if(条件2){
        }
    }
    

• 正则表达式：^/seositemap/(.*)/(\w+).xml$
  • ^/seositemap/：以 /seositemap/开头
  • (.*):中间有 n 层路径
  • (\w+).xml:以字符串.xml 结尾
  • 可匹配：
    • /seositemap/sss/xxx/xxxx1.xml
    • /seositemap/sss/xxx/xx/3333/xx1.xml

注意事项

• if和(之间应该有空格，否则 Nginx 会把它们当成一个命令而导致报错