Sping Cloud 到底是用Zuul还是用Nginx

本文翻译自以下：
原文 http://instea.sk/2015/04/netflix-zuul-vs-nginx-performance/

直接连接服务

不走代理直接访问服务

$ ab -n 10000 -c 200 http://target/sample.html

....

Document Path: /sample.html
Document Length: 26650 bytes

Total transferred: 268940000 bytes
HTML transferred: 266500000 bytes
Requests per second: 2928.45 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 68.295 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.341 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 76911.96 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
 min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 4 33 6.0 32 66
Processing: 20 35 7.5 35 392
Waiting: 20 35 6.4 34 266
Total: 24 68 7.8 66 423

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
 50% 66
 66% 67
 75% 69
 80% 70
 90% 74
 95% 81
 98% 91
 99% 92
 100% 423 (longest request)

测试结果为：2928 ; 2725 ; 2834 ; 2648 req/s，此结果只供参考

通过nginx访问服务

配置nginx.conf

server {
   listen 80 default_server;
   listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;

   # Make site accessible from http://localhost/
   server_name localhost;

   # allow file upload
   client_max_body_size 10M;

   location / {
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header Host $host;
      proxy_pass http://target:80;
   }
}

执行测试脚本

$ ab -n 50000 -c 200 http://proxy/sample.html
...
Server Software: nginx/1.4.6
Server Hostname: proxy
Server Port: 80

Document Path: /sample.html
Document Length: 26650 bytes

Concurrency Level: 200
Time taken for tests: 52.366 seconds
Complete requests: 50000
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 1344700000 bytes
HTML transferred: 1332500000 bytes
Requests per second: 954.81 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 209.465 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 1.047 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 25076.93 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
 min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 3 50 11.7 48 114
Processing: 37 159 11.9 160 208
Waiting: 36 159 11.9 160 207
Total: 40 209 10.4 209 256

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
 50% 209
 66% 212
 75% 214
 80% 216
 90% 220
 95% 224
 98% 232
 99% 238
 100% 256 (longest request)

测试结果为：954 ; 953 ; 941 req/s，并发量变低

通过Zuul访问服务

实现Zuul

@SpringBootApplication
@Controller
@EnableZuulProxy
public class DemoApplication {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new SpringApplicationBuilder(DemoApplication.class).web(true).run(args);
  }
}

定义路由

zuul:
  routes:
    sodik:
      path: /sodik/**
      url: http://target

执行测试脚本

$ ab -n 50000 -c 200 http://proxy:8080/sodik/sample.html

Server Software: Apache-Coyote/1.1
Server Hostname: proxy
Server Port: 8080

Document Path: /sodik/sample.html
Document Length: 26650 bytes

Concurrency Level: 200
Time taken for tests: 136.164 seconds
Complete requests: 50000
Failed requests: 2
(Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 2, Exceptions: 0)
Non-2xx responses: 2
Total transferred: 1343497042 bytes
HTML transferred: 1332447082 bytes
Requests per second: 367.20 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 544.657 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 2.723 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 9635.48 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 2 12 92.3 2 1010
Processing: 15 532 321.6 461 10250
Waiting: 10 505 297.2 441 9851
Total: 17 544 333.1 467 10270

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 467
66% 553
75% 626
80% 684
90% 896
95% 1163
98% 1531
99% 1864
100% 10270 (longest request)

测试结果为：367 req/s，并发量比较低，并且出现了2次请求错误

再多测试几次
Document Path: /sodik/sample.html
Document Length: 26650 bytes

Concurrency Level: 200
Time taken for tests: 50.080 seconds
Complete requests: 50000
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 1343550000 bytes
HTML transferred: 1332500000 bytes
Requests per second: 998.39 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 200.322 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 1.002 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 26199.09 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 2 16 7.9 16 126
Processing: 15 184 108.1 203 1943
Waiting: 13 183 105.9 202 1934
Total: 18 200 107.8 218 1983

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 218
66% 228
75% 235
80% 239
90% 254
95% 287
98% 405
99% 450
100% 1983 (longest request)

测试结果为：998 req/s，并发量和通过Nginx访问服务差不多

结论

Zuul的原始性能接近Nginx。事实上，在启动预热之后，显示测试结果更好一些。但Nginx看上去会稳定一下，Zuul出现了2次的请求错误。

如果你想使用Zuul的其他功能，或者希望通过它与其他的Netflix服务集成（比如Eureka），Zuul可以作为其他简单反向代理的替代品。