python如何使用matplotlib画散点图使不同类别的点有不同的形状和颜色?

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我们在使用聚类算法时,希望最后画出的散点图中,不同的类别的点拥有不同的颜色不同的形状的,但是matplotlib只能让我们使不同类别拥有不同的颜色,而对形状无能为力。下面这段代码就可以实现这个功能:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def mscatter(x,y,ax=None, m=None, **kw):
    import matplotlib.markers as mmarkers
    if not ax: ax=plt.gca()
    sc = ax.scatter(x,y,**kw)
    if (m is not None) and (len(m)==len(x)):
        paths = []
        for marker in m:
            if isinstance(marker, mmarkers.MarkerStyle):
                marker_obj = marker
            else:
                marker_obj = mmarkers.MarkerStyle(marker)
            path = marker_obj.get_path().transformed(
                        marker_obj.get_transform())
            paths.append(path)
        sc.set_paths(paths)
    return sc


N = 8#假设有8个点
x=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
y=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
c=[1,2,2,2,3,3,4,4]#有4个类别,标签分别是1,2,3,4

m = {1:'o',2:'s',3:'D',4:'+'}
cm = list(map(lambda x:m[x],c))#将相应的标签改为对应的marker
print(cm)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

scatter = mscatter(x, y, c=c, m=cm, ax=ax,cmap=plt.cm.RdYlBu)

plt.show()




 

假设有8个点,[(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6),(7,7),(8,8)],他们的标签分别是(1,2,2,2,3,3,4,4),

得到的结果:

 

参考:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52303660/iterating-markers-in-plots/52303895#52303895

https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/issues/11155

 

附录:

散点的形状参数marker:


 

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