1 The appearance of a building
Building/ construction materials
Glass and steel
Modern and attractive
The area is now modern and attractive, but some people think that it lacks character.
The function of a building
Efficient and effective
Comfortable and Eco-friendly
Are energy-efficient
The structure of a building
Safe and reliable
2 Design buildings
Creative designs
Is visually pleasing
The exterior of a building
Attract people's attention
The interior of a building
Is nicely decorated
The form-follows-function principle
Contrast:
Compromise function for form
Architects and building engineers
Real estate developers
3 Residential buildings
The rising demand for housing
Office buildings
Commercial buildings
Industrial buildings
4 Tall buildings/ high-rise buildings
Create a lively skyline
Create an impressive skyline
5 Preserve/ protect old buildings
Are protected by law
Contrast:
Demolish old buildings
Make room for new construction
Destroy historic fabric
Look similar
Lack character
6 Buildings of artistic value
Are considered works of art
Historic buildings
Famous landmarks
Buildings of cultural significance
Give character to a city
The geographic factors that give character to a place can attract tourists.
7 Historic sites
Are protected by law
Tourist attractions
Historical attractions
Cultural attractions
8 Form part of our cultural identity
Form part of a city's history/ our cultural heritage
Enrich the local culture
9 Connect us to the past
These famous landmarks connect us to the past and provide a map for our future.
10 Improve the appearance of a city
Damage the appearance of a city
Repairs and maintenance
Install modern equipment
Engineers tried to balance the heritage value of the old building with the need to install modern equipment.
Adapt old buildings to modern needs
11 Urban areas
Rural areas
Urban living/ city life
Rural living/ rural life
Urban residents/ city dwellers
Rural residents/ rural dwellers
Enjoy the slower pace of life
12 Move to cities/ relocate to cities
Many people relocate to cities to try to find work.
Earn high salaries
Have more job opportunities
Convenient public transport systems
More sports and healthcare facilities
A wide range of entertainment and shopping choices
Provide a wide variety of cultural activities
Concert halls
Museums and art galleries
Contrast:
Cause labor shortages in rural areas
(Government) improve the infrastructure in rural areas
(Government) increase spending on rural schools and hospitals
13 Are overcrowded
The reality is that urban places are overcrowded and polluted.
The rapidly increasing population
High housing prices
Housing bubble
A housing bubble is forming in London.
14 Are polluted
Smog caused by car fumes
Respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis and lung cancer
15 Suffer from stress and anxiety
Lead a stressful life
Lead a fast-paced life
Face tough competition for jobs or promotions
Cannot achieve a good work-life balance
Find it hard to achieve a good work-life balance
Higher living costs
Rising crime rates
Frequent traffic jams
Lack a sense of community
(People) do not even know their neighbors
Feel lonely and isolated
Feel disconnected from nature
Many people, particularly those living in cities, feel disconnected from nature.
16 City planners/ urban planners
Residential areas
Recreational areas
Buisness districts
Commercial distracts
Industrial zones
17 Functional zoning
Make the layout of a city easier to understand
Achieve efficient land use
Make it more convenient for shoppers to compare goods, prices and services
Contrast:
Increase traffic volumes in some areas
(Shops, restaurants)Face tougher competition for consumers
18 Car-free zone/ pedestrian zone
Pedestrian-friendly areas
Become more pedestrian-friendly
Use-friendly , Eco-friendly , ozone-friendly , Dog-friendly park
Bicycle lane
19 Sustainable development
Use resources more efficiently
Reduce waste and pollution
Reduce people's dependence on cars
20 Admission fees
(Museums) Charge admission fees
Offer free admission
21 (Museums) Charge the same price regardless of nationality
Local visitors
Local residents
Pay taxes to the local government
Contrast:
Foreign tourists/ tourists from overseas
(Tourists) Spend money on local goods and services
Buy souvenirs
Food and entertainment
Contribute to the local economy
22 (Museums) Admission revenue
Government funding
Private donations
Revenue from gift shop sales
Operating costs
23 (Museums) Enrich the local culture
(Museums) attract many visitors
Promote tourism/ boost tourism
Employ large numbers of people
Create jobs for local people
Explore the local culture and history
24 Increase their collections
In British
exhibition --- 展览 exhibit(s) --- 展品
Gloves are supplied, so visitors can touch the exhibits.
Exhibition hall
Are on display
25 Educational activities
Hands-on activities
Interactive activities
Large touch screens
Professional guides
Recorded commentaries
Educational exhibitions and lectures
Are important educational resources
26 Are interesting learning experience
Are educational and entertaining
| the most common museums | 最常见的十种博物馆 |
|---|---|
| Science and technology museum | 科技博物馆 |
| Aviation and space museum | 航空与航天博物馆 |
| Folk art museum | 民间艺术博物馆 |
| Agriculature museum | 农业博物馆 |
| History museum | 历史博物馆 |
| Military museum | 军事博物馆 |
| Natural history museum | 自然史博物馆 |
| Fashion museum | 时尚博物馆 |
| Children's museum | 专门为儿童服务的博物馆 |
| Wax museum | 蜡像博物馆 |
27 (Library) provide a wide selection of books
Book-based libraries/ traditional libraries
Suit their reading habits
Contrast:
Computer-based libraries/ digital libraries
Save space
Can save many trees
Need fewer employees
Reduce salary costs
Help people find information easily
Is an important source of information
28 Community library
Improve children's reading skills
Provide cultural activities
Free educational lectures
Enrich the cultural life of the community
The program aims to develop the creativity of people and to enrich the cultural life of the local community.
29 Strengthen community connections
Build a strong sense of community
Develop good relationships with their neighbors
Actively participate in community activities
Do volunteer/ voluntary work for their community
Raise money for their community (sell crafts, kids' marathon, voluntary donations)
Improve community safety
Reduce crime and anti-social behavior