Android Measure 测量过程

参考:Android开发艺术探索一书

MeasureSpec##

MeasureSpec 由view自身的layoutparams(xml 中指定) 和 父容器的约束(父容器大小)来 共同生成;

MeasureSpec 与测量相关的类,是一个32位的int值,其中高2位表示SpecMode,低30位表示SpecSize;
SpecMode 是测量模式,SpecSize指在某种测量模式下的大小;
SpecMode有3种:

  1. UNSPECIFIED:未指定状态;
  2. EXACTLY:表示精确大小,LayoutParams中的 match_parent 与具体数值就是这个;
  3. AL_MOST: 至多,父容器指定了一个可用大小的SpecSize,view 的大小不能大于这个 SpecSize,
    LayoutParams 中wrap_content与之对应;

LayoutParams##

给View设置LayoutParams,view的LayoutParams会在父容器的约束下,转换成对应的MeasureSpec,然后再跟进此MeasureSpec来确定View的宽高;
注意: MeasureSpec不是唯一由LayoutParams决定的,View 的 LayoutParams与其父容器一起决定出来View的MeasureSpec;

DecorView
DecorView是顶层父容器,她的MeasureSpec创建时根据屏幕大小来的;

规则:

  1. 当View采用固定宽、高时,不管父容器的 MeasureSpec 是什么,View的MeasureSpec都是精确模式(EXACTLY),并且其大小遵循 LayoutParams 设置的大小;
  2. 当View的宽高为match_parent时,如果父容器是精准模式,则View也是精准模式,并且大小是父容器的剩余空间(父容器可能有 margin),如果父容器是最大模式,则View也是最大模式,大小不超过父容器的剩余空间;
  3. 当View的宽高wrap_content,不管父容器的模式是啥,View的模式总是最大化并且大小不超过父(这里指的是自定义view,继承view,没有重写onMeasure方法的情况;TextView 等系统控件有具体的onMeasure实现);

View measure的过程##

先从 ViewGroup类中的measureChildWithMargins方法入手:

protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
            int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
        final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
                        + widthUsed, lp.width);
        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
                        + heightUsed, lp.height);

       // 测量子元素
        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    }

从上面的代码可以看到 测量 子 view 的时候,会先调用 getChildMeasureSpec方法来获得子view的MeasureSpec;子View的MeasureSpec明显与父容器有关;

getChildMeasureSpec方法代码如下:

/**
 * @param spec: 父容器的 MeasureSpec
 * @param padding:父容器已占用的空间大小,意思是子view布局大小时,需要减去这部分空间
  @param childDimension: 子View的LayoutParams 设置的大小
***/
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
       // 父布局模式
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
       // 父布局大小
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);

       // 父布局剩余大小,即子元素可用的空间大小
        int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);   

        int resultSize = 0;
        int resultMode = 0;

        switch (specMode) {
        // Parent has imposed an exact size on us
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size. So be it.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... so be it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
                // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent asked to see how big we want to be
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... let him have it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
                // be
                resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
                // big it should be
                resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            }
            break;
        }
        //noinspection ResourceType
        return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
    }

如果原始View是一个view,通过measure方法就完成了其测量过程,如果是ViewGroup,除了完成自己的测量过程,还要负责调用所有子元素的measure方法,子元素在递归执行;

View的measure过程来measure方法来完成,measure方法会调用View的onMeasure方法:

   /**
    * @param widthMeasureSpec 父容器宽 MeasureSpec
   **/
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        // 设置测量后的宽高 setMeasureDimension()
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    }
  
   // 返回 MeasureSpec的 specSize, UNSPECIFIED 模式时,大小为 getSuggestedMinimumWidth()
    public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
        int result = size;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        switch (specMode) {
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            result = size;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            result = specSize;
            break;
        }
        return result;
    }

   // 获取最小宽度,最小宽度 为 minWidth属性 对应 android:minWidth,或者 background 背景的宽
    protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
        return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
    }

View measure 调用嵌套图,最先执行 getSuggestedMinXXX,逐步往上走

Android Measure 测量过程_第1张图片
image.png

ViewGroup measure 过程
Viewgroup 没有重写 View 的 onMeasure方法,但提供了 measureChildren 方法,
如果 孩子 不是 GONE,则分别用 measureChild来测量孩子;

 protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        final int size = mChildrenCount;
        final View[] children = mChildren;
        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            final View child = children[i];
            if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {
                measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            }
        }
    }

 protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
        final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();

        // 获取子View的 MeasureSpec
        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);
       // 调用view的measure方法来测量,这里,就会走 上面的 view 的 measure了
        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    }

因为ViewGroup是抽象类,其测量过程由子类实现,如:LinearLayout
View的measure过程是比较复杂的,通过 measure后,就可以通过getMeasureHeight() getMeasureWidth 获取测量后的高宽了;但最终的宽高是在 onLayout方法中取获取,因为系统 可能多次调用 measure过程;

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